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Spatial-temporal analysis of the devastation of dry stone walls on the Island of Vir
No full textSuhozidi predstavljaju važan element kulturnog krajolika otoka Vira, no pod utjecajem različitih prirodnih i antropogenih čimbenika doživljavaju intenzivne prostorno-vremenske promjene. Procesi urbanizacije, napuštanja tradicionalne poljoprivrede i širenja turističkih kapaciteta glavni su uzroci devastacije suhozidne mreže. Suhozidi nisu samo elementi ruralne arhitekture, već imaju važnu ekološku, povijesnu i gospodarsku ulogu, što ih čini ključnim objektom istraživanja u kontekstu očuvanja kulturne baštine. Područje istraživanja obuhvaća otok Vir, unutar kojega je analizirana prostorno-vremenska devastacija suhozida u razdoblju od 1959. do 2018. godine. Cilj rada je kartirati sve suhozide unutar otoka Vira, utvrditi obrasce njihove devastacije te identificirati dijelove otoka na kojima su najviše očuvani. Detekcija prostorno-vremenske devastacije suhozida temelji se na usporedbi povijesnih i suvremenih aerofotogrametrijskih snimki Državne geodetske uprave (DGU) te GIS metodama koje omogućuju preciznu detekciju i kvantifikaciju nastalih promjena. Rezultati istraživanja ukazuju na značajno smanjenje suhozidne mreže u priobalnim dijelovima otoka, gdje je urbanizacija bila najintenzivnija. Najveći gubitak suhozida zabilježen je u područjima turističke izgradnje i širenja stambenih zona, dok su se bolje očuvali u središnjim dijelovima otoka, gdje je antropogeni utjecaj bio slabiji. Rezultati ukazuju na važnost razumijevanja dinamike nestajanja suhozida, potrebu educiranja lokalne zajednice i primjenu suvremenih tehnologija u svrhu očuvanja preostale suhozidne baštine.Dry stone walls are a fundamental element of Vir Island’s cultural landscape, yet they are undergoing significant transformations due to natural and anthropogenic factors. Urbanization, abandonment of traditional agriculture, and tourism expansion are the primary causes of their degradation. Beyond their architectural role, dry stone walls provide ecological, historical, and economic benefits, making their preservation a key aspect of cultural heritage research. This study examines the spatial-temporal degradation of dry stone walls on Vir Island from 1959 to 2018. The objective is to map their distribution, identify degradation patterns, and determine areas with the highest levels of preservation. The methodology integrates historical and contemporary aerial photogrammetric imagery from the State Geodetic Administration (DGU) with GIS techniques for precise detection and quantification of landscape changes. Findings indicate a substantial reduction in the dry-stone wall network, particularly in coastal zones where urbanization has been most intense. The greatest losses are observed in areas of tourism development and residential expansion, whereas the central parts of the island, subject to lower anthropogenic pressures, exhibit higher preservation levels. These results highlight the need for greater awareness of dry-stone wall degradation, local community engagement, and the application of geospatial technologies to support the conservation of this valuable cultural heritage
The Direct Work of School Pedagogues from the Perspective of High School Students
No full textCilj istraživanja ovog diplomskog rada bio je ispitati percepciju učenika srednjih škola grada Dubrovnika o ulozi pedagoga kao stručnog suradnika i djelatnika škole, steći uvid u njihovu sliku i doživljaj pedagoga, analizirati iskustva u interakciji te ispitati njihovo razumijevanje pedagoške prakse i svijest o važnosti pedagoga u obrazovanju. Istraživanje je provedeno, na uzorku od jedanaest učenika različitih dobnih skupina i upisanih obrazovnih programa, kvalitativnom metodom intervjua, pri čemu je korišten protokol intervjua kao instrument. Rezultati ukazuju na potrebu za jačanjem vidljivosti i pristupačnosti pedagoga te promjenu percepcije njegove uloge među učenicima kroz proaktivniji pristup i češću uključenost u razredne i školske aktivnosti.The aim of this research, conducted as part of this master's thesis, was to examine the perception of high school students in the city of Dubrovnik regarding the role of the pedagogue as a professional associate and school staff member. The study sought to gain insight into students' views and experiences of pedagogues, analyze their interactions, and assess their understanding of pedagogical practice and awareness of the pedagogue’s importance in the educational process. The research was conducted on a sample of eleven students of different age groups and enrolled in various educational programs, using a qualitative interview method with an interview protocol as the primary instrument. The results indicate a need to enhance the visibility and accessibility of pedagogues, as well as to shift the perception of their role among students through a more proactive approach and greater involvement in classroom and school activities
Perception of Healthcare Services in the Public and Private Sector in the Republic of Croatia
No full textKvalitetna zdravstvena zaštita neophodna je u očuvanju zdravlja populacije, a zbog njene specifičnosti kao jedne od temeljnih ljudskih prava, percepcija korisnika i pružatelja zdravstvenih usluga igra važnu ulogu u njenoj procjeni. Iako se koncept kvalitete zdravstvenih usluga istražuje više od dva desetljeća, u Republici Hrvatskoj je još uvijek nedovoljno zastupljen, posebice u kontekstu sekundarne zdravstvene zaštite te usporedbe javnog i privatnog sektora. Osim toga, perspektiva pružatelja zdravstvenih usluga često je zanemarena. Stoga, cilj ovog istraživanja bio je analizirati percepciju kvalitete zdravstvenih usluga sekundarne razine u Republici Hrvatskoj iz perspektive njenih korisnika i pružatelja, uz usporedbu javnog i privatnog sektora. U istraživanju je sudjelovalo sveukupno 478 sudionika iz Republike Hrvatske, prilikom čega su 253 bili korisnici, a 225 pružatelji zdravstvenih usluga. Primijenjeni su upitnik o sociodemografskim podacima, novokonstruirani Upitnik percepcije kvalitete zdravstvenih usluga u javnom i privatnom sektoru za korisnike i pružatelje zdravstvenih usluga konstruiran za svrhe ovog istraživanja te Skala zadovoljstva zdravstvenom uslugom. Rezultati istraživanja pokazali su da je kod korisnika izdvojena jedna dimenzija kvalitete zdravstvene usluge, dok su kod pružatelja identificirane dvije: osobni faktori te organizacijski i materijalni uvjeti rada, pri čemu su svi faktori pokazali visoku pouzdanost tipa unutarnje konzistencije. Prosječna procjena kvalitete javnih zdravstvenih usluga kod obje skupine bila je prihvatljiva, dok su privatne zdravstvene usluge procijenjene donekle zadovoljavajućim. Pritom, pružatelji usluga su javni sektor ocijenili značajno kvalitetnijim od korisnika, dok obje skupine percipiraju privatni sektor značajno kvalitetnijim od javnog. U javnom sektoru, obje skupine najpozitivnijim procjenjuju ljudski faktor (predanost liječnika, pomoć osoblja), dok najslabijim procjenjuju organizacijske aspekte (duljina čekanja, usklađenost termina s obvezama, plaće liječnika). U privatnom sektoru istaknuti su higijena, opremljenost i ljubaznost, dok su praćenje stanja korisnika, emocionalna podrška i međusobna suradnja liječnika slabije ocijenjeni. Spol i obrazovanje nisu pokazali utjecaj na percepciju kvalitete zdravstvenih usluga. Stariji korisnici skloniji su percipiranju privatnih usluga manje kvalitetnim, dok su učestaliji posjeti privatnim ustanovama povezani s negativnijom percepcijom javnog sektora. Korisnici s liječnikom u užoj obitelji javne usluge percipiraju značajno kvalitetnijima, dok pružatelji zaposleni isključivo u privatnom sektoru svoj sektor procjenjuju pozitivnije. Dobiveni rezultati djelomično potvrđuju dosadašnja istraživanja te doprinose boljem razumijevanju izazova i mogućnosti unapređenja kvalitete hrvatskog zdravstvenog sustava. Ipak, nužno je njegovo daljnje kontinuirano praćenje i procjenjivanje.High-quality healthcare is essential for maintaining the health of the population, and due to its specificity as one of the fundamental human rights, the perception of healthcare users and providers plays a crucial role in its evaluation. Although the concept of healthcare quality has been studied for more than two decades, it remains insufficiently represented in the Republic of Croatia, especially in the context of secondary healthcare and the comparison between the public and private sectors. Additionally, the perspective of healthcare providers is often overlooked. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyze the perception of the quality of secondary healthcare services in the Republic of Croatia from the perspective of both users and providers, with a comparison of the public and private sectors. The study included a total of 478 participants from Croatia, of which 253 were healthcare users and 225 were healthcare providers. The research instruments included a sociodemographic questionnaire, a newly constructed Questionnaire on the Perception of Healthcare Quality in the Public and Private Sectors for Users and Providers developed specifically for the purposes of this study, and the Healthcare Service Satisfaction Scale. The results showed that one dimension of healthcare quality was identified among users, while two dimensions were extracted among providers: personal factors, and organizational and material working conditions. All factors demonstrated high internal consistency reliability. The average assessment of healthcare quality in the public sector by both groups was acceptable, while private healthcare services were assessed as somewhat satisfactory. Notably, providers rated the public sector significantly more positively than users, while both groups perceived the private sector as significantly higher in quality than the public sector. In the public sector, both groups rated the human factor (physician dedication, staff assistance) most positively, while organizational aspects (waiting times, scheduling, physician salaries) received the lowest ratings. In the private sector, hygiene, equipment, and courtesy were highlighted as the most positive aspects, while patient monitoring, emotional support, and inter-physician collaboration received lower evaluations. Finally, gender and education did not show an influence on the perception of healthcare quality. Older users tended to perceive private services as less satisfactory, while more frequent visits to private institutions were associated with a more negative perception of the public sector. Users who had a physician in their immediate family perceived public services as significantly better, while providers working exclusively in the private sector assessed their own sector more positively. The findings partially confirm previous research and contribute to a deeper understanding of the challenges and potential improvements in the Croatian healthcare system. However, its continuous monitoring and evaluation remain essential
Endometriosis in balance: How proper nutrition and a healthy lifestyle become allies in the fight against an invisible enemy
No full textEndometrioza je kronična bolest kod koje tkivo slično sluznici maternice raste izvan nje, što uzrokuje bol, upale i ožiljke. Pogađa 10–15% žena reproduktivne dobi i često se dijagnosticira kasno zbog nespecifičnih simptoma. Osim izraženih fizičkih tegoba, bolest značajno utječe na psihičko zdravlje, svakodnevno funkcioniranje i ukupnu kvalitetu života. Liječenje uključuje medicinske i kirurške pristupe, no sve se više pažnje posvećuje ulozi životnog stila i prehrane u ublažavanju simptoma. Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je ispitati utjecaj prehrane i zdravih životnih navika na kvalitetu života žena oboljelih od endometrioze. U istraživanju je sudjelovalo 97 ispitanica iz Republike Hrvatske i inozemstva koje su ispunile online upitnik. Prikupljeni su podaci o fizičkom i psihičkom zdravlju, društvenim odnosima, seksualnosti, plodnosti te profesionalnom i obrazovnom životu. Rezultati pokazuju da je 45,36% ispitanica navelo jake menstrualne bolove, dok je 40,21% osjećalo depresivne simptome tijekom protekle godine. Osjećaj izoliranosti prijavilo je 28,87%, a 31,96% navodi smanjenje društvenih aktivnosti zbog bolesti. Ispitanice koje prakticiraju zdraviju prehranu i aktivniji stil života izvijestile su o manjoj izraženosti simptoma. Dobiveni podaci ukazuju na važnost integriranog pristupa liječenju endometrioze te potrebu za većom podrškom i osviještenošću o utjecaju životnih navika na tijek bolestiEndometriosis is a chronic disease in which tissue similar to the lining of the uterus grows outside of it, causing pain, inflammation and scarring. It affects 10–15% of women of reproductive age and is often diagnosed late due to non-specific symptoms. In addition to pronounced physical complaints, the disease significantly affects mental health, daily functioning and overall quality of life. Treatment includes medical and surgical approaches, but increasing attention is being paid to the role of lifestyle and diet in alleviating symptoms. The aim of this study was to examine the impact of diet and healthy lifestyle habits on the quality of life of women with endometriosis. The study involved 97 respondents from the Republic of Croatia and other foreign countries who completed an online questionnaire. Data were collected on physical and mental health, social relationships, sexuality, fertility and professional and educational life. The results show that 45.36% of respondents reported severe menstrual pain, while 40.21% experienced depressive symptoms during the past year. Feelings of isolation were reported by 28.87%, and 31.96% reported a decrease in social activities due to the disease. Respondents who practiced a healthier diet and a more active lifestyle reported less severe symptoms. The data obtained indicates the importance of an integrated approach to the treatment of endometriosis and the need for greater support and awareness of the impact of lifestyle habits on the course of the diseas
Development of the Omišalj LNG terminal
No full textOvaj diplomski rad obrađuje tehničko-tehnološke i sigurnosne aspekte LNG industrije kroz primjer FSRU terminala u luci Omišalj na otoku Krku. Poseban naglasak stavljen je na tehnička obilježja brodova za prijevoz ukapljenog prirodnog plina, uključujući vrste spremnika (membranski i sferični), sustave propulzije, sustave za upravljanje teretom i sigurnosnu opremu. U radu se detaljno analiziraju maritimna obilježja i uvjeti terminala Krk, kao i protokoli manevriranja, priveza i boravka LNG brodova u luci. Obrađeni su sigurnosni aspekti manipulacije LNG-om, mjere u slučaju incidentnih situacija te organizacija tehničkih sustava za prekrcaj, uplinjavanje i skladištenje. Kroz sustavnu tehničku analizu, rad pruža cjelovit uvid u funkcioniranje FSRU terminala kao ključne energetske infrastrukture. Zaključno, rad doprinosi boljem razumijevanju LNG tehnologije i sigurnosnih standarda u kontekstu pomorstva i lučke djelatnosti.This thesis explores the technical, technological, and safety aspects of the LNG industry through the example of the FSRU terminal located in the port of Omišalj on the island of Krk. Special attention is given to the technical characteristics of LNG carriers, including types of cargo tanks (membrane and spherical), propulsion systems, cargo handling systems, and onboard safety equipment. The paper provides a detailed analysis of the maritime features and operational conditions of the Krk terminal, as well as the procedures for maneuvering, berthing, and the stay of LNG vessels at the port. Safety aspects of LNG handling, emergency response measures, and the organization of technical systems for cargo transfer, regasification, and storage are also thoroughly examined. Through a systematic technical analysis, the thesis offers a comprehensive insight into the functioning of the FSRU terminal as a key piece of energy infrastructure, without considering future development projects. Ultimately, it contributes to a deeper understanding of LNG technology and safety standards in the context of maritime transport and port operations
Modern modalities of lifelong professional education of educators
No full textOdgojitelj je osposobljeni pojedinac koji je najvažniji u procesu odgoja i obrazovanja svakog djeteta jer upravo on pomaže oblikovati njihov intelekt i moralne vrijednosti. Pored formalnog, inicijalnog, obrazovanja, odgojitelj stječe znanja, kompetencije i vještine koje su neophodne za njegov rad, i tijekom stažiranja, ali i kasnijih stručnih usavršavanja i, što je još važnije, cjeloživotnog učenja. Prije se na posao odgojitelja gledalo isključivo kao na ostvarivanje predviđenog plana odgoja i obrazovanja i programa kojima su se trebali ostvariti razvoj, odgoj i učenje djeteta. Međutim, s vremenom se to promijenilo te se naglasak počeo sve više davati na usmjeravanje djece da budu inicijativni, samomotivirani i samoorganizirani. Za ustanovu za odgoj i obrazovanje te, posebno, odgojitelja, najvažnije je da bude motivirajuća i poticajna za dijete i njegov rast i razvoj što odgojitelj ne može ostvariti isključivo svojim inicijalnim, formalnim obrazovanjem. Upravo je zato važno cjeloživotno učenje odgojitelja jer im ono omogućava stjecanje i proširenje prethodno stečenih znanja, vještina, kompetencija, vrijednosti i stavova. Za odgojitelja je, kao i za mnoge druge profesionalce, jako važno da „uči dok je živ“ kako bi se mogao prilagoditi novonastalim promjenama te situacijama u kojima se nađe, a da pri tome ne zaboravi temeljni cilj svojega posla – odgoj i obrazovanje djece rane i predškolske dobi. Dakle, u ovome se diplomskome radu posebno naglašava činjenica da učenje nije proces koji se odvija samo u djetinjstvu i u mlađoj životnoj dobi već da je to proces koji se odvija tijekom cijeloga života. Naime, svaki bi pojedini odgojitelj trebao težiti konstantnom učenju novih stvari i utvrđivanju onih naučenih jer samo tako može biti uspješan u svome poslu. Iako je, nažalost, u hrvatskim suvremenim ustanovama za odgoj i obrazovanje još uvijek nedovoljno razvijena svijest i prepoznata važnost cjeloživotnog profesionalnog razvoja odgojitelja, i dalje su očekivanja za budućnost pozitivna, tj. postoji nada da će se i to promijeniti.An educator is a trained individual who is the most important in the process of upbringing and education of every child because it is he who helps shape their intellect and moral values. In addition to formal, initial education, the educator acquires knowledge, competences and skills that are necessary for his work, both during the internship, but also during subsequent professional training and, what is even more important, lifelong learning. Previously, the work of a teacher was seen exclusively as the realization of the planned education plan and programs that were supposed to realize the development, upbringing and learning of the child. However, over time this changed and more and more emphasis began to be placed on guiding children to be self-initiated, self-motivated and self-organized. The most important thing for an educational institution and, especially, a teacher is that it be motivating and stimulating for the child and his growth and development, which the teacher cannot achieve exclusively through his initial, formal education. This is exactly why the lifelong learning of educators is important because it enables them to acquire and expand previously acquired knowledge, skills, competences, values and attitudes. It is very important for the educator, as for many other professionals, to "learn while living" in order to be able to adapt to new changes and situations in which he finds himself, without forgetting the fundamental goal of his job - the upbringing and education of young children and preschool age. So, in this diploma thesis, the fact that learning is not a process that takes place only in childhood and younger years is emphasized, but that it is a process that takes place throughout life. Namely, every single educator should strive to constantly learn new things and confirm what they have learned, because that is the only way to be successful in their work. Although, unfortunately, awareness and recognition of the importance of lifelong professional development of educators is still insufficient in modern Croatian educational institutions, the expectations for the future are still positive, i.e. there is hope that this will change
Teamwork and turnover intention in public and private healthcare sectors
No full textUVOD: Kvalitetan timski rad temeljni je čimbenik koji osigurava zdravo radno okruženje, doprinosi višoj razini zadovoljstva djelatnika, želji za ostankom na radnom mjestu te postizanju sestrinskih ciljeva u skrbi za pacijente, što osigurava pružanje kvalitetne i sigurne zdravstvene skrbi. CILJ: Cilj ovoga istraživanja bio je ispitati razinu timskog rada kod medicinskih sestara i tehničara zaposlenih u javnom i privatnom zdravstvenom sektoru te zatim ispitati povezanost razine timskog rada s namjerom napuštanja profesije. METODE: U istraživanju je sudjelovalo 130 medicinskih sestara i tehničara zaposlenih u zdravstvenom sustavu Republike Hrvatske. Korišten je online anonimni anketni upitnik iz tri dijela: 1) opća i sociodemografska obilježja ispitanika, 2) upitnik stavova o timskom radu (TeamStepps Teamwork Attitudes Questionnaire) i upitnik namjere napuštanja profesije (Turnover Intention Scale - TIS-6). REZULTATI: Zabilježene su niske razine timskog rada kod zaposlenika u javnom zdravstvenom sektoru (M=2,25; SD=0,45), kao i kod ispitanika zaposlenih u privatnom zdravstvenom sektoru (M=2,19; SD=0,35). Neznatno su više srednje vrijednosti na skali namjere napuštanja profesije kod zaposlenih u javnom sektoru (M = 20,06), u odnosu na zaposlene u privatnom sektoru (N = 18,80), međutim nije utvrđena statistički značajna razlika (p = 0,256). Značajna razlika utvrđena je u razini zadovoljstva poslom između zaposlenika (p = 0,014). Rezultati ukazuju na povezanost timskog rada s namjerom napuštanja profesije kod zaposlenika u javnom i privatnom zdravstvenom sektoru. ZAKLJUČAK: Visoka razina zadovoljstva poslom i kvalitetan timski rad važni su zaštitni čimbenici u zadržavanju medicinskih sestara i tehničara u profesiji. Zdravstvene organizacije u Republici Hrvatskoj trebale bi uložiti dodatne napore u poboljšanje radnog okruženja te jačanje sustava podrške i timskog rada, kako bi smanjile fluktuaciju medicinskih sestara i unaprijedile kvalitetu pružene zdravstvene skrbi.INTRODUCTION: Quality teamwork is a fundamental factor that ensures a healthy work environment, contributes to higher employee satisfaction, the desire to remain in the workplace, and the achievement of nursing goals in patient care, which ensures the provision of quality and safe healthcare. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to examine the level of teamwork among nurses and technicians employed in the public sector and then investigate the correlation between the level of teamwork and the intention to leave the profession. METHODS: The study involved 130 nurses and technicians employed in the healthcare system of the Republic of Croatia. An online anonymous questionnaire was used, consisting of three parts: 1) general and sociodemographic characteristics of the respondents, 2) a questionnaire on attitudes towards teamwork (TeamStepps Teamwork Attitudes Questionnaire), and 3) a questionnaire on the intention to leave the profession (Turnover Intention Scale – TIS – 6). RESULTS: Low levels of teamwork were recorded among employees in the public healthcare sector (M = 2.25; SD = 0.45) as well as among respondents employed in the private healthcare sector (M = 2.19; SD = 0.35). The mean values for the intention to leave the profession were slightly higher among employees in the public sector (M = 20.06) compared to those in the private sector (M = 18.80), but no statistically significant difference was found (p = 0.256). A significant difference was found in job satisfaction between employees (p = 0.014). The results indicate a connection between teamwork and the intention to leave the profession among employees in both the public and private healthcare sectors. CONCLUSION: High job satisfaction and effective teamwork are important protective factors in retaining nurses and medical technicians in the profession. Healthcare organizations in the Republic of Croatia should make additional efforts in improving the work environment and strengthening support systems and teamwork, in order to reduce nurse turnover and improve the quality of healthcare provided
Italian Loanwords in Russian and Croatian Language
No full textTema su ovog diplomskog rada talijanske posuđenice u ruskom i hrvatskom jeziku s naglaskom na fonološkoj, morfološkoj i semantičkoj adaptaciji. Talijanski kao dominantni jezik u području arhitekture, bankarstva, umjetnosti, pomorstva i gastronomije utjecao je na mnoge jezike, pa tako i na ruski i hrvatski. Cilj je rada dati kratki pregled talijansko-ruskih i talijanskohrvatskih odnosa te navesti sličnosti i razlike prilikom prilagodbe posuđenica jezičnim sustavima ruskog i hrvatskog jezika. U radu su ukratko opisani i osnovni pojmovi teorije jezika u kontaktu.The topic of this thesis is Italian loanwords in Russian and Croatian with an emphasis on phonological, morphological and semantic adaptation. Italian, as the dominant language in the fields of architecture, banking, art, seafaring and gastronomy, has influenced many languages, including Russian and Croatian. The aim of the paper is to provide a brief overview of Italian-Russian and Italian-Croatian relations and to indicate similarities and differences when adapting loanwords to the linguistic systems of the Russian and Croatian languages. The paper briefly describes the basic terms of the theory of language in contact
Romance loans in the vernacular of Sinj
No full textU ovome diplomskome radu istražena je i analizirana prilagodba romanskih primljenica u sinjskome govoru. Prilagodba je analizirana prema prikupljenoj građi koja se sastoji od 340 romanizama. Kao izvor za građu korišten je rječnik sinjskih riječi Sinjanje (2014) autora Joška Kontića koji je zatim nadopunjen prikupljanjem na terenu. U prvom dijelu rada napisan je povijesni osvrt na razdoblje mletačke vlasti u Sinju, njegove povijesne kontakte s romanskim jezicima i osnovna obilježja sinjskoga govora. Drugi dio rada obuhvaća prikaz prikupljene građe i analizu prilagodbe romanizama na pet jezičnih razina: naglasnoj, fonološkoj, tvorbenoj, morfološkoj i semantičkoj. Posljednji dio rada obuhvaća semantičko-leksikološku razradbu koja grafički prikazuje romanizme prema 21 semantičko-leksičkom polju, porijeklo romanizama u sinjskome govoru i zaključak. Rad je dokazao prisutnost značajnog broja romanizama u sinjskome govoru koji se koriste u svakodnevnim životnim situacijama unatoč činjenici da je mletačka vlast trajala svega jedno stoljeće u gradu Sinju.This thesis investigates and analyses the adaptation of romance loans in the vernacular of Sinj. The adaptation was analysed according to the collected material consisting of 340 romance loanwords. The dictionary Sinjanje (2014) by Joško Kontić was used as the main literature for the collection of loans which were then complemented by field collection. The first part of the paper presents a historical overview of Venetian rule in the city of Sinj, the first Romance language contacts and the basic linguistic characteristics of Sinj vernacular. The second part of the paper includes a presentation of the material and an analysis of the adaptation of romance loans at five linguistic levels: accentual, phonological, formational, morphological and semantic. The last part of the paper includes a semantic-lexical analysis that graphically presents the Romance loans according to 21 semantic-lexical fields, the origin of the Romance loans in Sinj vernacular, and a conclusion. The paper has proven the presence of a significant number of Romance loans in Sinj vernacular that are used in everyday life situations despite the fact that Venetian rule lasted only one century in the city of Sinj
Prevention of the development of diabetes
No full textŠećerna bolest je kronični poremećaj metabolizma karakteriziran hiperglikemijom, koja ako je nepravovremeno otkrivena i neadekvatno liječena dovodi do razvoja mikrovaskularnih i makrovaskularnih komplikacija. Broj oboljelih u stalnom je porastu i predstavlja globalni zdravstveni problem. Najčešći oblik je tip 2 šećerne bolesti, često povezan s pretilošću, a temelji se na inzulinskoj rezistenciji, smanjenom izlučivanju inzulina i povećanoj proizvodnji glukoze u jetri. Kako Hrvatska ima visoku prevalenciju pretilosti, to može rezultirati daljnjim porastom broja oboljelih od šećerne bolesti tipa 2. Odgovarajućim preventivnim mjerama značajno se može smanjiti njezina pojavnost te razvoj komplikacija. Već promjenom životnih navika, poput pravilne prehrane i redovite tjelesne aktivnosti, može se spriječiti većina slučajeva šećerne bolest tipa 2. Cilj ovog rada je pregledno prikazati i analizirati ulogu ranih preventivnih mjera u sprječavanju razvoja šećerne bolesti, s naglaskom na prepoznavanje i liječenje predijabetesa. Prikazani su patofiziološki mehanizmi, epidemiologija, rizični čimbenici, dijagnostički kriteriji i mogućnosti liječenja dijabetesa i predijabetesa. U radu se raspravlja o vrstama prevencije (primarna, sekundarna, tercijarna, kvartarna) i naglašava važnost nefarmakoloških intervencija u stadiju predijabetesa. Ističe se uloga liječnika primarne zdravstvene zaštite u ranom otkrivanju poremećaja i pružanju podrške pacijentima kroz edukaciju, savjetovanje i nadzor. Posebno je naglašena kvartarna prevencija kao alat za sprječavanje nepotrebne medikalizacije. Zaključak je kako sustavan pristup i rana intervencija mogu značajno smanjiti rizik od napredovanja predijabetesa u dijabetes tipa 2, a time i rizik od razvoja komplikacija te s njima povezanih smrtnih ishoda.Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia, which, if not detected and treated in a timely manner, leads to the development of microvascular and macrovascular complications. The number of patients is constantly increasing and represents a global health problem. The most common form is type 2 diabetes, often associated with obesity, and is based on insulin resistance, reduced insulin secretion and increased glucose production in the liver. Since Croatia has a high prevalence of obesity, this may result in a further increase in the number of patients with type 2 diabetes. Appropriate preventive measures can significantly reduce its incidence and the development of complications. Most cases of type 2 diabetes can be prevented by changing lifestyle habits, such as proper nutrition and regular physical activity. The aim of this paper is to clearly present and analyze the role of early preventive measures in preventing the development of diabetes, with an emphasis on the recognition and treatment of prediabetes. The pathophysiological mechanisms, epidemiology, risk factors, diagnostic criteria, and treatment options for diabetes and prediabetes are presented. The paper discusses the types of prevention (primary, secondary, tertiary, quaternary) and emphasizes the importance of non-pharmacological interventions in the stage of prediabetes. The role of primary care physicians in early detection of disorders and providing support to patients through education, counseling and supervision is emphasized. Quaternary prevention is especially emphasized as a tool to prevent unnecessary medicalization. The conclusion is that a systematic approach and early intervention can significantly reduce the risk of prediabetes progressing to type 2 diabetes, and thus the risk of developing complications and related deaths