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Vital signs dynamics during therapeutic phlebotomies in patients with polycythemia vera, secondary polycythemia and hereditary hemochromatosis
No full textBolesnici s policitemijom verom (PV) sekundarnom policitemijom (SP) i nasljednom hemokromatozom (NH) liječe se povremenim terapijskim venepunkcijama. Trenutno nije poznato postoji li razlika u dinamici vitalnih znakova i krvnih nalaza tijekom terapijskih venepunkcija u bolesnika s PV, SP i NH. Ovo prospektivno unicentrično istraživanje analiziralo je promjene u krvnom tlaku, frekvenciji pulsa, tjelesnoj temperaturi, zasićenosti krvi kisikom i krvnim nalazima, prije i nakon provođenja izovolumne terapijske venepunkcije od 300mL krvi u 56 bolesnika s PV (n=14), SP (n=27) i NH (n=15). Kod svih je ispitanika postojao statistički značajan pad arterijskog tlaka, povišenje frekvencije pulsa, pad leukocita, hematokrita i hemoglobina uz porast trombocita (0,050 za sve analize) dok su ispitanici s PV imali statistički značajno veći pad hematokrita i broja eritrocita u odnosu na one sa SP i NH (p0.050 for all analyses), while subjects with PV had a statistically significantly greater decrease in hematocrit and erythrocyte count compared to those with SP and NH (p<0.050 for both analyses). None of the subjects had symptoms after the procedure. This study suggests that isovolumic therapeutic venipuncture is not necessary for any type of disease if a blood volume of 300mL is removed
Challenges of Inclusive Education for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder
No full textAutizam je spektar neurorazvojnih poremećaja koji obuhvaća širok raspon teškoća, prvenstveno u području komunikacije, socijalne interakcije i ponašanja. Ove teškoće mogu varirati od blagih do vrlo izraženih, a simptomi se razlikuju po intenzitetu i načinu na koji se manifestiraju kod svakog pojedinog djeteta. Zbog svoje složenosti, autizam zahtijeva individualiziran pristup i prilagodbu u svim aspektima djetetovog života, osobito u odgojno-obrazovnom kontekstu. Cilj ovog rada bio je istražiti mogućnosti i izazove uključivanja djeteta s poremećajem iz spektra autizma u odgojno-obrazovni sustav, s naglaskom na važnost uključivanja svih relevantnih stručnjaka – odgojitelja, logopeda, rehabilitatora i roditelja. U središtu rada nalazi se primjer iz prakse – dječak D. koji ima dijagnozu poremećaja iz spektra autizma, a koji je uključen u dječji vrtić uz stalnu podršku stručnih službi. Kroz kvalitativno istraživanje koje uključuje intervjue s roditeljima, odgojiteljem i stručnom službom vrtića, prikazani su konkretni primjeri podrške koji uključuju individualizirane odgojno-obrazovne metode, prilagodbu sadržaja i prostora te različite oblike terapijskih i edukacijskih intervencija. Poseban naglasak stavljen je na važnost kontinuirane i kvalitetne suradnje svih uključenih, kako bi se djetetu omogućilo da razvija svoje potencijale u poticajnom i prihvaćajućem okruženju. Pravovremena podrška i usklađena suradnja između roditelja i stručnjaka imaju ključnu ulogu u osiguravanju optimalnih uvjeta za napredak djeteta i njegovo uspješnije uključivanje u vrtićku zajednicu. Ovaj rad potvrđuje važnost inkluzije kao temeljnog pedagoškog i društvenog cilja, koji pridonosi razvoju jednakih mogućnosti za svako dijete, bez obzira na njihove teškoće ili posebnosti. Inkluzivni pristup u odgojno-obrazovnim ustanovama ne samo da koristi djeci s teškoćama, već i razvija empatiju, razumijevanje i toleranciju među svom djecom.Autism is a spectrum of neurodevelopmental disorders that includes a wide range of difficulties, primarily in the areas of communication, social interaction, and behavior. These difficulties can vary from mild to severe, and symptoms manifest differently in each individual child. Due to its complexity, autism requires an individualized approach and adaptation in all aspects of a child’s life, particularly in the educational context. The aim of this paper was to explore the possibilities and challenges of including children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) in the educational system, with a particular focus on the importance of involving all relevant professionals – educators, speech therapists, rehabilitation specialists, and parents. At the center of this research is a case study of a boy named D., who has been diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder and is included in a kindergarten program with continuous support from professional services. Through qualitative research, including interviews with the child’s parents, educators, and the kindergarten’s professional staff, concrete examples of support were presented. These included individualized educational methods, adaptation of content and space, and various forms of therapeutic and educational interventions. Special emphasis was placed on the importance of continuous and high-quality collaboration among all participants to enable the child to develop his potential in a supportive and accepting environment. The results of the analysis show that early and continuous intervention, based on a sensitized and understanding approach, can significantly contribute to the development of the child’s communication, social, and emotional skills. Timely support and coordinated cooperation between parents and professionals play a crucial role in providing optimal conditions for the child’s progress and more successful inclusion in the kindergarten community. This paper confirms the importance of inclusion as a fundamental pedagogical and social goal that contributes to the development of equal opportunities for every child, regardless of their difficulties or specific needs. An inclusive approach in educational institutions not only benefits children with developmental challenges, but also fosters empathy, understanding, and tolerance among all children
The Relationship Between Inappropriate Behavior and Emotional Self-Regulation in Physical and Health Education Classes
No full textNeprihvatljiva ponašanja kod djece školske dobi predstavljaju čest izazov u odgojnoobrazovnom kontekstu te mogu značajno utjecati na kvalitetu nastave, odnose među vršnjacima i cjelokupnu školsku klimu. Ta ponašanja, bilo da su lako uočljiva i vidljiva poput agresivnosti i neposluha ili teže uočljiva poput plašljivosti ili povučenosti, često imaju korijen u emocionalnim procesima djeteta. Upravo je sposobnost samoregulacije emocija - odnosno dječja sposobnost da prepoznaju, razumiju i upravljaju svojim emocionalnim stanjima - važan čimbenik u razumijevanju uzroka i dinamike takvih ponašanja. Ovaj diplomski rad usmjeren je na istraživanje moguće povezanosti između samoregulacije emocija i neprihvatljivog ponašanja učenika mlađe školske dobi, s posebnim naglaskom na nastavu Tjelesne i zdravstvene kulture, kao kontekst koji često uključuje izraženije emocionalne i socijalne reakcije djece. U teorijskom dijelu rada obrađena su lakše i teže uočljiva neprihvatljiva ponašanja, aspekti emocionalnog razvoja, osnovne dječje emocije, rizični čimbenici za pojavu neprihvatljivog ponašanja te mogućnosti prevencije takvih oblika ponašanja. Cilj istraživanja bio je ispitati postoji li i u kojoj mjeri povezanost između emocionalne samoregulacije i sklonosti neprihvatljivim oblicima ponašanja na nastavi Tjelesne i zdravstvene kulture. U istraživanju je sudjelovalo 103 učenika trećih razreda osnovne škole, među kojima je bilo 52 djevojčice i 51 dječak. Kao mjerni instrument korištena su dva anketna upitnika – prvi za procjenu emocionalne regulacije i labilnosti, a drugi za ispitivanje sklonosti neprihvatljivim oblicima ponašanja. Rezultati pokazuju postojanje značajne povezanosti između emocionalne labilnosti i sklonosti neprihvatljivom ponašanju, dok je emocionalna regulacija povezana s manjom učestalošću takvih oblika ponašanja.Inappropriate behavior among school-aged children presents a frequent challenge in educational settings and can significantly impact the quality of instruction, peer relationships, and the overall classroom climate. Such behaviors, whether easily observable—such as aggression and disobedience—or more subtle—such as shyness or withdrawal—often stem from the child’s underlying emotional processes. Emotional self-regulation, defined as the child’s ability to recognize, understand, and manage their emotional states, is a key factor in understanding the causes and patterns of such behaviors. This thesis focuses on exploring the potential relationship between emotional self-regulation and inappropriate behavior in younger school-age children, with particular attention to Physical and Health Education classes as a context that often elicits strong emotional and social responses in children. The theoretical part of the paper addresses both overt and covert forms of inappropriate behavior, aspects of emotional development, basic childhood emotions, risk factors for the emergence of inappropriate behaviors, and possibilities for prevention. The main aim of the research was to examine whether, and to what extent, a relationship exists between emotional self-regulation and the tendency to display inappropriate behavior in Physical and Health Education classes. The study included 103 third-grade primary school students, comprising 52 girls and 51 boys. Two survey questionnaires were used as measurement instruments – the first aimed at assessing emotional regulation and lability, and the second at examining the tendency toward unacceptable forms of behavior. The results indicate a significant association between emotional lability and a propensity for unacceptable behavior, while emotional regulation is associated with a lower incidence of such behavior
Appendix of the Archdiocese of Zadar to the Roman Missal
No full textDiplomski rad na temu dodatka rimskom misalu Zadarske nadbiskupije nastoji predstaviti liturgijski i kulturni život Zadarske nadbiskupije sabran i opisan na latinskom jeziku koji je kao službeni jezik u liturgiji egzistirao do 1969. godine i reforme rimskog misala. Rad je podijeljen u više poglavlja koji se međusobno nadopunjuju u svjetlu objašnjenja dokumenta. Verzija dodatka misalu iz 1896. koja je osnova rada nalazi se u Arhivu Zadarske nadbiskupije u Zadru. Prvi dio rada donosi kratki pregled rubrika rimskog misala, način celebriranja mise te upotrebu misnog proprija na nekoliko misala iz različitih perioda. Uz opis općih uredbi rimskog misala, donose se i pregledi upotrebe i zamjene misnih proprija drugima, način pomicanja blagdana, itd. U ovom dijelu rada općenito se objašnjava što je dodatak rimskom misalu mjesnih Crkava, kako on nastaje, kako se odobrava te kada se koristi. Drugi dio rada odnosi se na svece koji su se izričito slavili i slave se u Zadarskoj nadbiskupiji tako da su dobili vlastiti misni proprij. Opisuje se svaki od svetaca navedenih u dodatku Zadarske nadbiskupije, datum njihovog slavljenja, razlog njihovog čašćenja, te značaj za Zadarsku nadbiskupiju. U trećem, glavnom dijelu rada obrađuje se tekst dodatka Zadarske nadbiskupije rimskom misalu, donosi se tekst samoga dodatka, prijevod, opis samoga teksta koji se donosi te filološki komentari. U opisu dokumenta donosi se fizički izgled dokumenta, opis izgleda teksta, grafija i ilustracija iz dokumenta, nabrajaju se sveci, dijelovi misnog proprija koji se razlikuju od rimskog misala; donosi se usporedba sa sličnim proprijima iz rimskog misala iz 1962. godine proglašenog od pape Ivana XXIII. te se nabrajaju osobitosti.The diploma thesis on the subject of the addition to the Roman Missal of the Zadar Archdiocese was conceived to present the liturgical and cultural life of the Zadar Archdiocese collected and described in Latin, which existed as the official language in the liturgy until 1969 and the reform of the Roman Missal. The thesis is composed of several parts that complement each other in the light of the explanation of the document. The version of the supplement to the missal from 1896, which is the skeleton of the work, is in the archive of the Zadar Archdiocese in Zadar. The first part of the paper refers to a brief overview of the rubrics of the Roman missal, the way of celebrating the mass and the use of the mass propria in several missals from different periods. In addition to the description of the general regulations of the Roman Missal, reviews of the use and substitution of Mass propria for others, the way of moving holidays, etc. are also provided. In this part of the work, it is generally explained what is an addition to the Roman Missal of local churches, how it is created, how it is approved and when it is used. . The second part of the work refers to the saints who were specifically celebrated and are celebrated in the Zadar Archdiocese, so that they received their own mass propria. Each of the saints listed in the appendix of the Archdiocese of Zadar, the date of their celebration, the reason for their veneration, and their significance for the Archdiocese of Zadar is described. The third and longest part of the work is a critical edition of the text of the appendix of the Zadar Archdiocese to the Roman Missal, which contains the text of the appendix itself, a translation, a description of the text itself, and philological comments. The description of the document includes the physical appearance of the document, a description of the appearance of the text, graphics and illustrations from the document, lists the saints, parts of the mass propria that are different from the Roman missal; a comparison is made with similar propria from the 1962 Roman Missal promulgated by Pope Ivan XXIII. and peculiarities are enumerated
Students attitudes toward individuals with mental health difficulties with a focus on postpartum depression
No full textStigmatizacija osoba s teškoćama mentalnog zdravlja ima izuzetno štetne posljedice. To se odnosi i na žene s poslijeporođajnom depresijom koje su često stigmatizirane kao loše majke, zbog čega su sklone izoliranju i izbjegavanju traženja pomoći. Posljedice toga mogu biti razorne za cijelu obitelj. Osobito je važno da stručnjaci koje rade direktno sa ženama imaju pozitivne stavove kako bi se mogla pružiti adekvatna podrška i skrb. U ovom istraživanju ispitao se odnos između atribucija uzroka poslijeporođajne depresije, samoprocjene znanja o poslijeporođajnoj depresiji, blizine kontakta sa ženama oboljelim od poslijeporođajne depresije, emocionalne empatije i stavova prema osobama s teškoćama mentalnog zdravlja. U istraživanju je sudjelovalo 443 studenata (376 žena i 67 muškaraca), u dobi od 18 do 28 godina (M = 21,54). Uzorak je bio prigodan i prikupljen metodom snježne grude putem online ankete. Korišteni su sljedeći instrumenti: Skala kauzalnih atribucija, Skala emocionalne empatije, Skala stavova zajednice prema osobama s teškoćama na planu mentalnog zdravlja, samoprocjene znanja o poslijeporođajnoj depresiji i iskustva kontakta. Podaci su analizirani primjenom korelacijskih i inferencijalnih statističkih postupaka. Rezultati pokazuju da studenti u prosjeku poslijeporođajnu depresiju atribuiraju više nestabilno, vlastito znanje procjenjuju prosječnim, izvještavaju o niskim razinama kontakta, imaju visoku razinu emocionalne empatije i pozitivne stavove prema osobama s teškoćama mentalnog zdravlja. Studentice su bile empatičnije i imale su manje negativne stavove u odnosu na studente, dok spolna razlika u atribuciji nije potvrđena. Studenti pomagačkih studija poslijeporođajnu depresiju su atribuirali nestabilnije i imali su pozitivnije stavove u odnosu na studente ostalih studija, iako se nisu razlikovali u razinama empatije. Također, studenti s višom samoprocjenom znanja iskazivali su manje negativne stavove, dok razlike u atribucijama i empatiji u odnosu na znanje nisu pronađene. U nijednoj od ispitanih varijabli nije pronađena razlika s obzirom na iskustvo kontakta. Studenti koji depresiju percipiraju kao stabilnije stanje imaju negativnije stavove. Također, više razine emocionalne empatije i znanja povezane su s pozitivnijim stavovima. Nije bilo povezanosti između stavova i razine kontakta sa ženama oboljelima od poslijeporođajne depresije. Rezultati istraživanja ukazuju na važnost adekvatne edukacije, ostvarivanja kvalitetnog kontakta te naglašavanja učinkovitosti i dostupnosti tretmana rano u profesionalnom razvoju osobito kod studenata koji će raditi izravno s ovom ranjivom skupinom.Stigmatization of individuals with mental health difficulties has profoundly harmful consequences. Women with postpartum depression are often stigmatized as bad mothers, making them prone to isolation and avoiding seeking help and can be devastating for the entire family. It is important that professionals hold positive attitudes in order to provide adequate support and care. This study examined the relationship between causal attributions of postpartum depression, self-assessed knowledge about postpartum depression, closeness of contact, emotional empathy, and attitudes toward people with mental health difficulties. A total of 443 students (376 women and 67 men), aged 18 to 28 (M = 21.54), participated in the study. The sample was convenient and collected using the snowball method through an online survey. The following instruments were used: the Causal Attribution Scale, the Emotional Empathy Scale, the Community Attitudes Toward the Mentally Ill Scale, self-assessment of knowledge about postpartum depression, and contact experience. Data were analyzed using correlational and inferential statistical procedures. Results showed that, on average, students attributed postpartum depression to unstable causes, assessed their knowledge as average, reported low levels of contact, demonstrated high emotional empathy, and held positive attitudes toward individuals with mental health difficulties. Female students showed higher empathy and less negative attitudes compared to male students, although no gender differences were found in attributions. Students in helping professions attributed postpartum depression as more unstable and had more positive attitudes compared to students in non-helping fields, although no differences were found in empathy levels. Students with higher self-assessed knowledge expressed less negative attitudes, but no differences were found in attributions or empathy. No differences were found across any variables regarding contact experience. Students who perceived postpartum depression as a more stable condition held more negative attitudes. Conversely, higher levels of emotional empathy and knowledge were associated with more positive attitudes. There was no association between attitudes and contact with women affected by postpartum depression. These findings highlight the importance of adequate education, meaningful contact, and emphasizing the effectiveness and accessibility of treatment early in professional development, especially among students who will work directly with this vulnerable group
Imunology and prevention of infectious diseases in pregnancy
No full textZavršni rad bavi se proučavanjem imunoloških procesa i preventivnih mjera u kontekstu infektivnih bolesti tijekom trudnoće, s posebnim naglaskom na zaštitu majke i fetusa. Glavni cilj rada je analizirati promjene u imunološkom sustavu trudnice te prikazati najčešće zarazne bolesti kod trudnica, te njihovu prevenciju, liječenje i moguće posljedice. Posebna se pažnja posvećuje razlikama u imunološkom odgovoru tijekom gestacije i načinu na koji te promjene utječu na podložnost infekcijama. U okviru rada istražuje se i uloga prvostupnika sestrinstva u edukaciji trudnica, prevenciji infekcija i praćenju zdravstvenog stanja trudnica, s fokusom na provođenje higijenskih mjera, pravilnu primjenu cjepiva te savjetovanje o zdravom načinu života. Metodološki pristup temelji se na pregledu relevantne stručne literature i važećih kliničkih smjernica u području perinatalne zdravstvene skrbi. Rad naglašava važnost kontinuiranog stručnog usavršavanja zdravstvenih djelatnika i primjene suvremenih medicinskih znanja kako bi se osigurala adekvatna prevencija, rana dijagnostika i pravovremeno liječenje infektivnih bolesti tijekom trudnoće, čime se značajno doprinosi očuvanju zdravlja majke i djeteta.The final paper deals with the study of immunological processes and preventive measures in the context of infectious diseases during pregnancy, with a special emphasis on the protection of the mother and fetus. The main objective of the paper is to analyze changes in the immune system of pregnant women and to present the most common infectious diseases in pregnant women, as well as their prevention, treatment and possible consequences. Special attention is paid to differences in the immune response during gestation and the way in which these changes affect susceptibility to infections. The paper also explores the role of nursing major in the education of pregnant women, the prevention of infections and monitoring of the health status of pregnant women, with a focus on implementing hygiene measures, the proper use of vaccines and counseling on a healthy lifestyle. The methodological approach is based on a review of relevant professional literature and current clinical guidelines in the field of perinatal health care. The paper emphasizes the importance of continuous professional development of health professionals and the application of modern medical knowledge in order to ensure adequate prevention, early diagnosis and timely treatment of infectious diseases during pregnancy, which significantly contributes to preserving the health of the mother and child
Some predictors of posttraumatic growth in parents of children with developmental disabilities
No full textBriga i odgoj djece predstavljaju svojevrstan izazov za roditelje, posebice kada se radi o djeci s teškoćama u razvoju. Kako bi se navedenoj skupini pomoglo unaprijediti određene aspekte života koji im mogu olakšati nošenje s raznim izazovima s kojima se susreću, cilj ovog istraživanja je bio ispitati ulogu strategija suočavanja, vjerovanja u pravedan svijet i obiteljske kohezivnosti u posttraumatskom rastu odnosno pojedinim područjima rasta. U istraživanju je sudjelovalo 225 roditelja djece s teškoćama u razvoju (NŽ=214, NM=11) prosječne dobi 40.5 godina. Sudionici su istraživanju pristupili online putem. Instrumentarij je uključivao Skale vjerovanja u pravedan svijet (Ćubela, 2002), Upitnik posttraumatskog rasta (Macuka i Malada, 2020), Skraćenu verziju COPE upitnika (Mirjanić i Milas, 2011) te Skalu obiteljske kohezivnosti (Keresteš, 1999). Utvrđena je pozitivna povezanost generalnog i osobnog vjerovanja u pravedan svijet s posttraumatskim rastom, obiteljskom kohezivnosti, emocionalnim i problemskim suočavanjem, dok s izbjegavajućim suočavanjem nije utvrđena značajna povezanost. Uz već navedene relacije, utvrđeno je da je emocionalno suočavanje pozitivno povezano s posttraumatskim rastom i obiteljskom kohezivnosti. Problemsko je pozitivno povezano s posttraumatskim rastom, dok s obiteljskom kohezivnosti nije utvrđena značajna povezanost. Izbjegavajuće je suočavanje negativno povezano s obiteljskom kohezivnosti, dok s posttraumatskim rastom nije utvrđena značajna povezanost. Također, obiteljska je kohezivnost pozitivno povezana s posttraumatskim rastom. Provedbom hijerarhijskih regresijskih analiza utvrđeni su slijedeći nalazi: posttraumatskom rastu značajno pozitivno doprinose spol, generalno vjerovanje u pravedan svijet, emocionalno i problemsko suočavanje te obiteljska kohezivnost, dok razina obrazovanja ima negativan doprinos. Pozitivni prediktori odnosa s drugima kao dimenzije posttraumatskog rasta su generalno vjerovanje u pravedan svijet, emocionalno i problemsko suočavanje te obiteljska kohezivnost, dok je razina obrazovanja negativan prediktor. Pozitivni prediktori novih mogućnosti kao dimenzije posttraumatskog rasta su spol, generalno vjerovanje u pravedan svijet te emocionalno i problemsko suočavanje, dok je izbjegavajuće suočavanje negativan prediktor. Osobnoj snazi kao dimenziji posttraumatskog rasta pozitivno doprinose spol i emocionalno suočavanje, dok izbjegavajuće suočavanje ima negativan doprinos. Pozitivni prediktori duhovnih promjena kao dimenzije posttraumatskog rasta su generalno vjerovanje u pravedan svijet, emocionalno i izbjegavajuće suočavanje te obiteljska kohezivnost. Pozitivni prediktori vrijednostima života kao dimenzije posttraumatskog rasta su spol, emocionalno i problemsko suočavanje te obiteljska kohezivnost, dok su razina obrazovanja i izbjegavajuće suočavanje negativni prediktori.Caring for and raising children is a challenge for parents, especially for parents of children with developmental disabilities. In order to help them improve certain aspects of life that can make it easier for them to cope with the various challenges they face, the aim of this study was to examine the role of coping strategies, belief in a just world and family cohesion in posttraumatic growth and in certain areas of growth. The study involved 225 parents of children with developmental disabilities (NW=214, NM=11) with an average age of 40.5 years. Participants accessed the study online. The instruments included the Belief in a Just World Scale (Ćubela, 2002), the Posttraumatic Growth Questionnaire (Macuka and Malada, 2020), the Shortened Version of the COPE Questionnaire (Mirjanić and Milas, 2011) and the Family Cohesion Scale (Keresteš, 1999). A positive correlation was found between both general and personal belief in a just world and posttraumatic growth, family cohesion, emotional and problem coping, while no significant correlation was found with avoidant coping. In addition to the relationships already mentioned, it was found that emotional coping is positively related to posttraumatic growth and family cohesion. Also, problem coping is positively related to posttraumatic growth, while no significant correlation was found with family cohesion. Avoidant coping was negatively related to family cohesion, while no significant correlation was found with posttraumatic growth. Also, family cohesion was positevely correlated with posttraumatic growth. By conducting hierarchical regression analyses, the following findings were found: gender, general belief in a just world, emotional and problem coping and family cohesion significantly contribute to posttraumatic growth, while level of education has a negative contribution. Positive predictors of relationships with others as dimensions of posttraumatic growth are general belief in a just world, emotional and problem coping, and family cohesion, while level of education is a negative predictor. Positive predictors of new possibilities as a dimension of posttraumatic growth are gender, general belief in a just world and emotional and problem coping, while avoidant coping is a negative predictor. Gender and emotional coping contribute positively to personal strength as a dimension of posttraumatic growth, while avoidant coping has a negative contribution. Positive predictors of spiritual changes as a dimension of posttraumatic growth are general belief in a just world, emotional and avoidant coping and family cohesion. Positive predictors of life values as a dimension of posttraumatic growth are gender, emotional and problem coping and family cohesion, while education level and avoidant coping are negative predictors
Thomas Aquinas´ philosophy of cognition
No full textCilj rada je produbiti znanje o Tominoj filozofiji spoznaje, te ujedno o njegovoj antropologiji koja je u ovom slučaju vrlo bitna za razumijevanje njegove filozofije spoznaje. Metoda koja je korištena tijekom pisanja rada je analiziranje i iščitavanje Tominih tekstova i tekstova onih koji su ga istraživali. Razlog tome je da bi uopće mogli govoriti o njegovoj filozofiji spoznaje, moramo znati poneke činjenice o subjektu spoznaje, s jedne strane, te o objektu spoznaje s druge strane. Točnije potrebno je upoznati se s ljudskim moćima, te sposobnostima kod čovjek općenito, ali i tko je zapravo taj subjekt koji spoznaje svijet, te na koji ga način spoznaje. U prvom poglavlju naglasak je na Tominom životu i njegovim djelima, a u drugom je poglavlju opisana Tomina filozofska antropologija. Nakon što smo u poglavlju antropologije opisali ljudsku dušu, točnije karakteristike i moći same duše, te njezin odnos s tijelom, u trećem poglavlju započinje govor o Tominoj filozofiji spoznaje.The aim of this work is to deepen knowledge about Thomas′ philosophy of cognition and also his anthropology which is important for understanding of his philosophy of cognition. The method in this work is the method of analyzing and reading Thomas′ texts, but also works of other authors who researched him. The thing is that if we want to know about his philosophy of cognition, first we have to know some facts about subject, on the one hand, and about object on the other hand because they both participate in the act of cognition. It is necessary to know about human faculties and abilities, as well as who is the subject who cognizes the world and how. In the first chapter the emphasis is on Thomas′ life and his works, and the second chapter is about Thomas′ anthropology. After we describe human soul, characteristics and faculties of the soul and relationship between it and the body, the third chapter talks about Thomas′ philosophy of cognition
Epilepsy in children
No full textEpilepsija je kronična neurološka bolest koja se očituje pojavom ponavljajućih epileptičkih napadaja uslijed abnormalne električne aktivnosti u mozgu. Iako se može javiti u bilo kojoj životnoj dobi, djeca predstavljaju posebno osjetljivu skupinu zbog razvoja mozga i potrebe za kontinuiranim praćenjem psihofizičkog rasta. . Epilepsija pogađa oko 1%svjetske populacije, a u Hrvatskoj je evidentirano približno 6 000 oboljelih. Povećana incidencija bilježi se kod djece mlađe od 5 godina te kod osoba nakon 65. godine. Do epileptičkog napadaja dolazi zbog nekontroliranog izbijanja električnih impulsa u kori mozga, a uzroci se dijele na simptomatske, kriptogene i idiopatske. Najčešće korištena klasifikacija epilepsija je ona koju predlaže Međunarodna liga protiv epilepsije (engl. International League Against Epilepsy) Epileptički napadaji podijeljeni su i na generalizirane i žarišne. Posebno se ističe epileptički status kao ozbiljno životno ugrožavajuće stanje. S obzirom na sličnosti u kliničkoj slici, često dolazi do izazova u razlikovanju epileptičkih i neepileptičkih napadaja, pri čemu su febrilne konvulzije jedan od najčešćih oblika neepileptičkih napadaja u dječjoj dobi. Dijagnoza se postavlja kombinacijom laboratorijskih nalaza, analize likvora, slikovnih pretraga poput ultrazvuka mozga, kompjuterizirane tomografije mozga i magnetske rezonance mozga te elektroencefalografije. Liječenje uključuje primjenu antiepileptičkih lijekova. Osim liječenja lijekovima, ponekad se koristi i kirurško liječenje, Uloga prvostupnice sestrinstva u zdravstvenoj njezi djece s epilepsijom je vrlo važna. Aktivnim provođenjem sestrinskih intervencija i pružanjem podrške obitelji, medicinska sestra znatno doprinosi kvaliteti života djeteta. Edukacija populacije i uklanjanje predrasuda i dalje predstavljaju izazov, a medicinske sestre mogu pomoći u informiranju, podršci i smanjenju stigme.Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disorder characterized by recurrent epileptic seizures caused by abnormal electrical activity in the brain. Although it can occur at any age, children represent a particularly vulnerable group due to the ongoing development of the brain and the need for continuous monitoring of psychophysical growth. Epilepsy affects approximately 1% of the global population, with around 6000 cases recorded in Croatia. Increased incidence is observed in children under the age of five and in individuals over the age of 65. Epileptic seizures result from uncontrolled discharges of electrical impulses in the cerebral cortex. The causes are classified as symptomatic, cryptogenic, and idiopathic. The most widely used classification of epilepsy is the one proposed by the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE), which categorizes seizures into generalized and focal types. Particular attention is given to status epilepticus, a serious and life-threatening condition. Due to similarities in clinical presentation, differentiating between epileptic and non-epileptic seizures can be challenging. Febrile convulsions are one of the most common forms of non-epileptic seizures in childhood. Diagnosis is established through a combination of laboratory tests, cerebrospinal fluid analysis, neuroimaging techniques such as cranial ultrasound, computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), as well as electroencephalography (EEG). Treatment primarily involves the use of antiepileptic drugs, though in some cases, surgical intervention may be considered. The role of the nurse in caring for children with epilepsy is crucial. By actively implementing nursing interventions and providing support to the family, nurses significantly contribute to the child’s quality of life. Education of the general population and the elimination of stigma remain ongoing challenges, where nurses play a vital role in raising awareness, offering support, and reducing prejudice
Some predictors of parental stress in parents of infants
No full textTranzicija u roditeljstvo, ključna razvojna faza puna izazova za nove roditelje, često izaziva roditeljski stres, koji obuhvaća procese koji uzrokuju negativne psihološke i fiziološke reakcije uslijed prilagodbe zahtjevima roditeljske uloge. U dosadašnjim istraživanjima utvrđene su brojne determinante roditeljskog stresa, od sociodemografskih značajki, preko djetetovog temperamenta do obilježja roditeljskog bračnog odnosa. Prvi je cilj ovog istraživanja bio ispitati povezanost sociodemografskih čimbenika poput ranijeg iskustva u roditeljskoj ulozi (prvo dijete ili dijete višeg reda rođenja), dobi roditelja, obrazovanja roditelja, broja djece u obitelji, dobi najmlađeg djeteta, percepcije prihoda i roditeljskog stresa. Nadalje, drugi je cilj bio ispitati ulogu socijalne podrške, karakteristika dojenčeta i roditeljske kompetentnosti, zadovoljstva brakom i percipirane pravednosti u braku u predviđanju roditeljskog stresa roditelja djece dojenačke dobi. Istraživanje je provedeno na uzorku majki koje su u braku i koje imaju dojenče staro od jednog mjeseca do godine dana (N=332). Podaci su prikupljeni online metodom, a mjerni instrumenti korišteni u ovom istraživanju su: Skala zadovoljstva brakom (Ćubela Adorić i Jurević, 2006), Skala percipirane pravednosti u braku (Ćubela Adorić i Mičić, 2010), Skala osjećaja roditeljske kompetentnosti (Parenting Sense of Competence Scale, Gibaud-Wallston i Wandersman, 1978), Skala percipirane socijalne podrške (Jakovljević, 2004), Upitnik karakteristika dojenčeta (ICQ; Bates, Freeland i Lounsbury, 1979), Skala roditeljskog stresa (Berry i Jones, 1995) i upitnik općih podataka konstruiran za potrebe ovog diplomskog rada. U ovom istraživanju nije utvrđena razlika u intenzitetu roditeljskog stresa između majki koje su rodile prvi put i majki koje već imaju djecu. Nadalje, nije utvrđena povezanost sociodemografskih karakteristika roditelja i djeteta s procjenom intenziteta roditeljskog stresa. Na kraju, rezultati istraživanja pokazali su da je težak temperament djeteta značajan pozitivan prediktor, a zadovoljstvo roditeljstvom i roditeljska samoefikasnost značajni negativni prediktori roditeljskog stresa. Zadovoljstvo brakom, percipirana pravednost u braku i percipirana socijalna podrška nisu se pokazali značajnim prediktorima roditeljskog stresa. Sve prediktorske varijable objasnile su 62,7% varijance roditeljskog stresa. Rezultati istraživanja potvrđuju određene pretpostavljene povezanosti, ali jasno ukazuju na potrebu za daljnjim istraživanjima ovog područja. Dobiveni nalazi mogu biti korisni za razvoj intervencijskih programa koji se fokusiraju na pomoć roditeljima u suočavanju s izazovima i stresom u roditeljstvu.The transition to parenthood, a crucial stage of development full of challenges for new parents, often leads to parental stress, which encompasses processes that cause negative psychological and physiological reactions as parents adjust to the demands of the parenting role. In previous research, numerous determinants of parental stress have been established, ranging from sociodemographic characteristics and child's temperament to the characteristics of the parents' marital relationship. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine the relationship between sociodemographic factors such as prior parenting experience (first child or later-born child), parent age, parental education, number of children in the family, age of the youngest child, perceived income, and parental stress. Additionally, the study aims to explore the role of social support, infant characteristics, parental competence, marital satisfaction, and perceived fairness in marriage in predicting parental stress among parents of infants. The study was conducted with a sample of mothers who are married and have infants aged from one month to one year (N=332). Data were collected online, and the measurement instruments used in this thesis include: the Marital Satisfaction Scale (Ćubela Adorić & Jurević, 2006), the Relational Equity Scale (Ćubela Adorić & Mičić, 2010), the Parenting Sense of Competence Scale (GibaudWallston & Wandersman, 1978), the Perceived Social Support Scale (Jakovljević, 2004), the Infant Characteristics Questionnaire (ICQ; Bates, Freeland, & Lounsbury, 1979), the Parenting Stress Scale (Berry & Jones, 1995), and a general information questionnaire created for the purposes of this thesis. This study found no difference in the intensity of parental stress between mothers who gave birth for the first time and those who already have children. Furthermore, no correlation was found between sociodemographic characteristics of parents and children and the assessment of parental stress intensity. Finally, the results indicated that difficult infant temperament is a significant positive predictor, while parenting satisfaction and parental selfefficacy are significant negative predictors of parental stress. Marital satisfaction, perceived fairness in marriage, and perceived social support were not significant predictors of parental stress. The mentioned variables explain 62,7% of the variance of parental stress. The results confirm certain hypothesized relationships but clearly highlight the need for further research in this area. The findings of this research can be useful for the development of intervention programs aimed at helping parents cope with the challenges and stress of parenting