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Latino stereotipi u holivudskim filmovima
No full textThis paper examines the evolution and impact of Latino stereotypes in Hollywood cinema, exploring how recurring archetypes, such as the Bandido, the Latin Lover, the Fiery Latina and more, have shaped public perception and reinforced systemic biases. Through analyses of Saludos Amigos (1942), The Three Caballeros (1944), West Side Story (1961), El Norte (1983), and Encanto (2021), this study highlights how Hollywood has both perpetuated and, at times, challenged these portrayals. While recent films have moved toward more nuanced representation, the legacy of these stereotypes remains deeply embedded in American cinema. The paper underscores the need for continued critical engagement to achieve authentic and diverse Latino representation in mainstream media.Ovaj rad ispituje evoluciju i utjecaj latino stereotipa u holivudskom filmu, istražujući kako su ponavljajući arhetipovi, poput Bandida, Latino ljubavnika, Vatrene Latine i drugih, oblikovali javnu percepciju i učvrstili sistemske predrasude. Kroz analize filmova Saludos Amigos (1942), Tri kabaljerosa (1944), Priča sa zapadne strane (1961), El Norte (1983) i Encanto (2021), ovo istraživanje naglašava kako je Hollywood istovremeno održavao i, u nekim slučajevima, osporavao ove prikaze. Iako su noviji filmovi krenuli prema nijansiranijoj reprezentaciji, nasljeđe ovih stereotipa i dalje je duboko ukorijenjeno u američkoj kinematografiji. Rad naglašava potrebu za kontinuiranim kritičkim promišljanjem kako bi se postigla autentična i raznolika latino reprezentacija u mainstream medijima
The Hero and the Desire: a study of Balzac's novel Father Goriot and Stendhal's novels The Red and the Black and Lucien Leuwen
No full textJulien Sorel, Eugène de Rastignac et Lucien Leuwen incarnent les tensions entre ambitions individuelles, structures sociales et conflits émotionnels. Leurs histoires reflètent les déficits de l'ascension social, l’importance des relations dans la société et le conflit interne entre l’ambition et les valeurs morales. Julien Sorel est un jeune homme d'origine modeste, mais très intelligent. Son admiration pour Napoléon symbolise son désir d’ascension sociale. Mais ses ambitions se heurtent à ses sentiments pour Madame de Rênal et pour Mathilde de La Mole. Julien oscille entre un calcul froid et une véritable passion. Mais il reste prisonnier de ses propres contradictions, qui semblent être sans fin. Son histoire nous montre comment le pouvoir et la reconnaissance peuvent facilement être la cause des conflits internes et externes. Il instrumentalise ses relations amoureuses pour trouver sa position dans la société aristocratique. La séduction de Mme de Rênal représente un premier pas vers cette position. Mais c'est la relation amoureuse avec Mathilde, qui lui ouvre les portes de l'aristocratie. D'un point de vue psychanalytique freudien, l'admiration de Julien pour Napoléon peut être comprise comme une forme complexe d'Œdipe. Dans ce cas, son propre père est une figure d'autorité faible, grâce à son origine. Cela pousse Julien à chercher un père de substitution, qu'il idéalise. René Girard voit dans le pouvoir et le statut de Julien un exemple de désir mimétique. Son désir d’ascension sociale est renforcé par les modèles sociaux influents partout où il apparaît. Eugène de Rastignac est un jeune idéaliste, fasciné par la société parisienne. Mais il se rend compte que les opportunités d’ascension sociale ne représentent pas seulement le fruit de ses efforts ou de ses talents. Les relations stratégiques et les compromis jouent également un rôle important. Son amour pour Delphine de Nuncingen est-il authentique ou est-ce un moyen de gravir les échelons de la société ? L’évolution d’Eugène montre comment les idées morales peuvent être remplacées par les réalités pragmatiques de la société. Il instrumentalise aussi sa relation avec Delphine pour accéder à un monde, où il n'appartient pas. Son histoire est un exemple de désir mimétique, car Eugène est inspiré par les modèles de l'élite parisienne et aspire à la reconnaissance des autres. Du point de vue lacanien, cela peut être interprété comme une recherche d'un „Autre” – l'apparence auprès de l'élite n'est pas seulement un objet social, mais aussi un désir identitaire pour lui. Lucien Leuwen, fils d'un riche banquier, se retrouve entre la prospérité bourgeoise et les idées aristocratiques. Il recherche un sens plus profond de la vie. Il se retrouve en conflit entre ses sentiments envers Madame de Chasteller et les attentes de la société. Sa relation avec elle est caractérisée par la retenue, la passion et les barrières insurmontables d’une hiérarchie sociale rigide. Comme Julien et Eugène, Lucien instrumentalise sa relation avec Mme de Chasteller. Il sait que cette relation lui offre l'opportunité de s'approcher de l'aristocratie et de s'éloigner de ses origines bourgeoises. Mais contrairement à Julien et Eugène, le reste est et reste émotionnellement impliqué. Lucien aime Madame de Chasteller sincèrement. Il aime aussi ce qu'elle représente — le statut aristocratique et la reconnaissance dans la société. Mais grâce aux obstacles et la société, leur relation amoureuse est impossible. Cela nous montre aussi la perspective lacanienne avec une possible projection de la mère idéalisée sur Mme de Chasteller. Mais ce genre d'idéal est inaccessible pour Lucien. Les histoires de ces trois hommes nous montrent les tensions sociales du 19e siècle. Julien Sorel, Eugène de Rastignac et Lucien Leuwen tentent de trouver leur position dans la société. Mais leurs chemins ne sont pas faciles. Ils sont marqués par des déceptions et d’obstacles sociaux.Les trois personnages principaux instrumentalisent leurs relations amoureuses de manière stratégique pour obtenir des avantages sociaux, qu'ils désirent. Leurs ambitions démontrent que la relation amoureuse avec une femme influente et l’ascension sociale sont étroitement liés. Stendhal et Honoré de Balzac nous montrent à travers ces personnages principaux que l'ambition et l'amour peuvent être et rester une opposition irréconciliable. Les perspectives psychanalytiques de Freud et de Lacan nous montrent que leurs conflits ne sont pas seulement de nature sociale. Ils sont aussi aussi enracinés dans des mécanismes psychologiques. Freud, Lacan et Girard proposent des approches pour comprendre comment les désirs individuels et contraintes sociales se renforcent mutuellement et peuvent résulter à la désillusion et des destins tragiques, notamment dans le cas de Julien Sorel.Julien Sorel, Eugène de Rastignac i Lucien Leuwen utjelovljuju napetosti između individualnih ambicija, društvenih struktura i emocionalnih sukoba. Njihove priče odražavaju nedostatke društvenog napretka, važnost odnosa u društvu i unutarnji sukob između ambicija i moralnih vrijednosti. Julien Sorel je mladić skromna podrijetla, ali vrlo inteligentan. Njegovo divljenje prema Napoleonu simbolizira njegovu želju za društvenim napretkom. Ali njegove se ambicije sukobljavaju s njegovim osjećajima prema Madame de Rênal, a potom i prema Mathilde de La Mole. Julien oscilira između hladne proračunatosti i istinske strasti. Ali on ostaje zatočenik vlastitih proturječja, kojima izgleda nema kraja. Njegova nam priča pokazuje kako moć i priznanje lako mogu postati uzrok unutarnjih i vanjskih sukoba. On instrumentalizira svoje ljubavne veze kako bi pronašao svoj položaj u aristokratskom društvu. Zavođenje Mme de Rênal predstavlja prvi korak prema tom položaju. Ali ljubavna veza s Mathilde otvara mu vrata aristokracije. Iz Freudove psihoanalitičke perspektive, Julienovo divljenje prema Napoleonu možemo shvatiti kao oblik Edipova kompleksa. U ovom slučaju, njegov vlastiti otac je slab autoritet, zahvaljujući svom porijeklu. Iz tog razloga Juliena traži zamjenskog oca, kojeg idealizira. René Girard vidi Julienovu moć i status kao primjer mimetičke žudnje. Njegovu želju za društvenim napredovanjem jačaju utjecajni društveni uzori gdje god se pojavi. Eugène de Rastignac je mladi idealist, očaran pariškim društvom. Ali shvaća da prilike za društveni napredak nisu samo plod njegovih vlastitih napora ili talenata. Strateški odnosi i kompromisi također igraju važnu ulogu. Je li njegova ljubav prema Delphine de Nuncingen iskrena ili se radi o načinu napredovanja u društvu? Eugèneov osobni rast pokazuje kako moralne ideje mogu biti zamijenjene pragmatičnom realnošću društva. On također instrumentalizira svoj odnos s Delphine kako bi pristupio svijetu kojemu ne pripada. Njegova je priča primjer mimetičke žudnje, jer Eugène se nadahnjuje uzorima pariške elite i teži priznanju drugih. Iz perspektive Lacana, to se može protumačiti kao potraga za „Drugim” – pojavljivanje među elitom za njega nije samo društveni cilj, već i identitetska žudnja. Lucien Leuwen, sin bogatog bankara, nalazi se između građanskog posperiteta i aristokratskih ideja. Traga za dubljim smislom života. Nalazi se u sukobu između svojih osjećaja prema Madame de Chasteller i očekivanja društva. Njegov odnos s njom karakteriziraju suzdržanost, strast i nepremostive prepreke društvene hijerarhije. Poput Juliena i Eugènea, Lucien instrumentalizira svoj odnos s Madame de Chasteller. On zna da mu taj odnos nudi priliku da se približi aristokraciji i odmakne od svog građanskog podrijetla. Ali za razliku od Juliena i Eugenea, on jest i ostaje emocionalno upleten u taj odnos. Lucien iskreno voli Madame de Chasteller. Također voli ono što ona predstavlja — aristokratski status i priznanje u društvu. Ali zahvaljujući preprekama i društvu, njihova veza je nemoguća. Ovo nam također pokazuje perspektiva Lacana s mogućom projekcijom idealizirane majke na Madame de Chasteller. Ali takav je ideal Lucienu nedostupan. Priče ove trojice muškaraca pokazuju nam društvene napetosti 19. stoljeća. Julien Sorel, Eugene de Rastignac i Lucien Leuwen pokušavaju pronaći svoj položaj u društvu. Ali njihovi putevi nisu jednostavni. Obilježeni su razočarenjima i društvenim preprekama. Tri glavna lika strateški instrumentaliziraju svoje ljubavne veze kako bi dosegli društvene prednosti koje toliko žele. Njihove ambicije pokazuju da su ljubavna veza s utjecajnom ženom i društveni napredak usko povezani. Stendhal i Honoré de Balzac nam kroz ove glavne likove pokazuju da ambicija i ljubav mogu biti i ostati nepomirljive suprotnosti. Psihoanalitičke perspektive Freuda i Lacana pokazuju nam da njihovi sukobi nisu samo društvene prirode. Oni su također ukorijenjeni u psihološkim mehanizmima. Freud, Lacan i Girard nude perspektive, koje nam pomažu u razumijevanju kako individualne želje i društvena ograničenja međusobno jačaju i vode do razočaranja, pa čak i do tragične sudbine, osobito u slučaju Juliena SorelaJulien Sorel, Eugène de Rastignac and Lucien Leuwen embody the tensions between individual ambitions, social structures and emotional conflicts. Their stories reflect the deficits of social advancement, the importance of relationships in society and the internal conflict between ambition and moral values. Julien Sorel is a young man of modest background, but very intelligent. His admiration for Napoleon symbolises his desire for social advancement. But his ambitions clash with his feelings for Madame de Rênal and afterwards for Mathilde de La Mole. Julien oscillates between cold calculation and true passion. But he remains a prisoner of his own contradictions, which seem to be endless. His story shows us how power and recognition can easily be the cause of internal and external conflicts. He instrumentalises his romantic relationships to find his position in aristocratic society. The seduction of Madame de Rênal represents a first step towards this position. But it is the romantic relationship with Mathilde that opens the doors of the aristocracy to him. From a Freudian psychoanalytic perspective, Julien’s admiration for Napoleon can be understood as a form of Oedipus complex. In this case, his own father is a weak authority figure, thanks to his origin. This pushes Julien to seek a substitute father, whom he idealizes. René Girard sees Julien’s power and status as an example of mimetic desire. His desire for social advancement is reinforced by the influential social models wherever he appears. Eugène de Rastignac is a young idealist, fascinated by Parisian society. But he realizes that opportunities for social advancement are not only the fruit of his own efforts or talents. Strategic relationships and compromises also play an important role. Is his love for Delphine de Nuncingen genuine or is it a way of climbing the social ladder? Eugène’s evolution shows how moral ideas can be replaced by the pragmatic realities of society. He also instrumentalizes his relationship with Delphine to access a world, where he does not belong to. His story is an example of mimetic desire, because Eugène is inspired by the models of the Parisian elite and aspires to the recognition of others. From a Lacanian perspective, this can be interpreted as a search for an „Other” – the appearance among the elite is not only a social object, but also an 73 identity desire for him. Lucien Leuwen, the son of a wealthy banker, finds himself between bourgeois prosperity and aristocratic ideas. He searches for a deeper meaning in life. He finds himself in conflict between his feelings for Madame de Chasteller and the expectations of society. His relationship with her is characterized by restraint, passion and the insurmountable barriers of a rigid social hierarchy. Like Julien and Eugène, Lucien instrumentalizes his relationship with Madame de Chasteller. He knows that this relationship offers him the opportunity to get closer to the aristocracy and to move away from his bourgeois origins. But unlike Julien and Eugene, he is and remains emotionally involved. Lucien loves Madame de Chasteller sincerely. He also loves what she represents — aristocratic status and recognition in society. But thanks to the obstacles and society, their relationship is impossible. This also shows us the Lacanian perspective with a possible projection of the idealized mother onto Madame de Chasteller. But this kind of ideal is inaccessible to Lucien. The stories of these three men show us the social tensions of the 19th century. Julien Sorel, Eugene de Rastignac and Lucien Leuwen try to find their position in society. But their paths are not easy. They are marked by disappointments and social obstacles. The three main characters strategically instrumentalize their romantic relationships to obtain social advantages, which they desire. Their ambitions demonstrate that a romantic relationship with an influential woman and social advancement are closely linked. Stendhal and Honoré de Balzac show us through these main characters that ambition and love can be and remain an irreconcilable opposition. The psychoanalytic perspectives of Freud and Lacan show us that their conflicts are not only social in nature. They are also rooted in psychological mechanisms. Freud, Lacan and Girard offer approaches to understand how individual desires and social constraints reinforce each other and can result in disillusionment and even in tragic destinies, especially in the case of Julien Sorel
Folklore in Extracurricular Activities on Murter island
No full textOvaj diplomski rad bavi se proučavanjem izvannastavnih i izvanškolskih aktivnosti vezanih za
folklor na otoku Murteru, s naglaskom na tradicijske oblike glazbe, plesa i običaja koji su važan
dio kulturne baštine otoka. Rad istražuje kako ove aktivnosti omogućuju djeci i mladima
aktivno sudjelovanje u očuvanju kulturnog identiteta, kroz različite oblike izražavanja i učenja.
Izvannastavne aktivnosti predstavljaju organizirane aktivnosti koje se odvijaju izvan redovne
nastave i imaju za cilj poticanje socijalnog, emocionalnog i kreativnog razvoja učenika. Vođene
od strane učitelja, ove aktivnosti omogućuju djeci da uče kroz zabavu i iskustvo, povezujući
školu s pozitivnim društvenim iskustvima i jačajući osjećaj zajedništva. S druge strane,
izvanškolske aktivnosti uključuju angažman učenika u društvima, udrugama i klubovima koji
nisu dio formalnog školskog sustava, pružajući im mogućnost da uče izvan okvira škole i
razvijaju svoje interese i talente.
Folklor, kao jedan od ključnih elemenata kulturne baštine, ima značajnu ulogu u izgradnji
identiteta zajednice. Kroz tradicijsku glazbu, plesove, narodne nošnje i običaje, djeca na
Murteru aktivno sudjeluju u očuvanju tradicija za buduće generacije.
Poseban fokus rada stavljen je na aktivnost KUD-ova i drugih kulturnih društava, koja su
ključna u održavanju folklornih tradicija, kako u izvanškolskim, tako i u izvannastavnim
aktivnostima. Osim toga, rad se bavi i ulogom osnovnih škola na Murteru u integraciji folklora
u svoje obrazovne programe, te njihovom suradnjom s lokalnim kulturnim udrugama.This paper analyses extracurricular activities related to folklore on the island of Murter, with
an emphasis on traditional forms of music, dance and customs which are an important part of
the island's cultural heritage. The paper researches how these activities enable children and
young people to actively participate in preserving the cultural identity through various forms of
expression and learning.
Extracurricular activities are organised activities that are not part of a school's regular
curriculum and whose goal is to encourage students' social, emotional and creative
development. Led by teachers, these activities enable children to learn through fun and
experience, associating school with positive social experiences and strengthening a sense of
community.
On the other hand, outside of school activities include students' participation in societies,
organisations and clubs which are not part of the formal education system, but give students the
opportunity to learn outside of school and develop their interests and talents.
Folklore, as one of the key elements of cultural heritage, plays a significant role in the
development of a community identity. Children on the island of Murter actively participate in
preserving traditions for future generations through traditional music, dances, folk costumes
and traditions.
This paper puts special focus on the activities of folk ensembles and other cultural organisations
which are key to maintaining folklore traditions as a part of both extracurricular and outside of
school activities.
Furthermore, the paper describes the role of the island's primary schools in integrating folklore
in its curricula, and their collaboration with local cultural organisations
The Use of Montessori Materials in Working with Children with Developmental Difficulties (An Example of Good Practice)
No full textOvaj diplomski rad opisuje primjer dobre prakse pri upotrebi Montessori materijala u radu s djecom s teškoćama u razvoju. Načela Montessori pedagogije mogu se primijeniti na sve razvojne teškoća. Provedeno je istraživanje putem anketnog upitnika u nekoliko dječjih vrtića koja u svom radu koriste Montessori metodu. U istraživanju su sudjelovali odgojitelji. Drugi dio istraživanja sadržava sudjelujuće promatranje provedeno od strane Montessori odgojitelja s dječakom koji ima govorno-jezičnih teškoća i dječakom s Down sindromom . Budući da Montessori metoda ima posebno izrađen materijal koji potiče jezik, senzoriku, vježbe svakodnevnog života (posebni osvrt na vježbe koordinacije i razvoja fine motorike kao preduvjet pisanja), matematiku i kozmički odgoj. U diplomskom radu opisuje se život i rad Marie Montessori, Montessori pedagogija, Montessori pripremljena okolina, uloga Montessori odgojitelja, razvoj djeteta i razdoblje posebne osjetljivosti, djeca s teškoćama u razvoju, uključivanje djeteta s teškoćom u razvoju u Montessori grupu te istraživanje o primjerima dobre prakse upotrebom Montessori materijala u radu s djecom s teškoćama u razvoju.This thesis presents an example of best practices in the use of Montessori materials in working with children with developmental difficulties. The principles of Montessori pedagogy can be applied to all types of developmental challenges. A survey was conducted using a questionnaire in several kindergartens that implement the Montessori method in their work. The participants in the study were preschool teachers. The second part of the research includes participatory observation carried out by a Montessori educator working with a boy with speech and language difficulties and a boy with Down syndrome. The Montessori method includes specially designed materials that stimulate language development, sensory skills, exercises for everyday life (with a particular focus on coordination exercises and the development of fine motor skills as a prerequisite for writing), mathematics, and cosmic education. The thesis describes the life and work of Maria Montessori, Montessori pedagogy, the prepared Montessori environment, the role of the Montessori educator, child development and the period of special sensitivity, children with developmental difficulties, the inclusion of a child with developmental difficulties in a Montessori group, and research on best practice examples in the use of Montessori materials in working with children with developmental difficulties
The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on supply chain management
No full textPandemija COVID-19 pokazala se kao trenutak spoznaje za sustav opskrbnih lanaca, ukazujući na njihove slabosti te uzrokujući promjene koje će biti ključne za budućnost. U trenutcima kada su sve životne sfere bile duboko uzdrmane, opskrbni su lanci također doživjeli krizu bez presedana. Prekid proizvodnje, zatvaranje granica, nagle varijacije u potražnji te kašnjenje isporuka izazvali su turbulentan ciklus. Ipak, i tako kritična situacija stvorila je prostor za transformaciju i unaprjeđenje, odnosno izgradnju agilnijih i otpornijih sustava. Poslovni svijet bio je primoran prilagoditi se novonastalim okolnostima te usvojiti nove načine za upravljanje opskrbnim lancima. Koristeći poboljšane strategije i alate, stvoren je sustav koji je spreman prebroditi ne samo pandemije, već svaki izazov kojeg neizvjesna sutrašnjica može donijeti.The COVID-19 pandemic has proven to be a moment of enlightenment for supply chain systems, exposing their weaknesses and causing changes that will be crucial for the future. At a time when all spheres of life have been deeply shaken, supply chains have also experienced an unprecedented crisis. Production disruptions, border closures, sudden variations in demand and delayed deliveries have caused a turbulent cycle. However, even such a critical situation has created space for transformation and improvement, i.e. the construction of more agile and resilient systems. The business world has been forced to adapt to the new circumstances and adopt new ways of managing supply chains. Using improved strategies and tools, a system has been created that is ready to overcome not only pandemics, but any challenge that an uncertain tomorrow may bring
The occurrence of wild fish in aquaculture cages of the Central and Northern Adriatic Sea
No full textRepublika Hrvatska, obzirom na svoj reljef i resurse, ima izuzetne mogućnosti za razvoj marikulture. U RH se trenutno uzgajaju ribe i školjkaši koji su tržišno traženi i proizvodno isplativi. Riba se uzgaja u plutajućim mrežnim kavezima, a uzgajivači su odgovorni za osiguravanje optimalnih uvjeta za život uzgajanih organizama. Uzgojni kavezi privlače mnogobrojnu divlju ribu, a razlozi njihova okupljanja su izvor hrane na uzgojnim instalacijama, hrana iz kaveza i zaštita od predatora. U ovom diplomskom radu istraživala se pojavnost divlje ribe u kaveznom uzgoju podlanice (Sparus aurata), brancina (Dicentrarchus labrax), gofa (Seriola dumerili), hame (Argyrosomus regius) i zubatca (Dentex dentex) tijekom tri mjeseca. Divlja riba je izdvajana iz izlova, identificirana je vrsta i izmjerena ukupna masa i ukupna duljina. Suživot uzgajane i divlje ribe utvrđen je samo u kavezima podlanice i brancina. Ukupno je pronađeno 11 vrsta divljih riba iz 6 porodica: Carangidae, Clupeidae, Mugilidae, Moronidae i Scombridae dok je najbrojnija bila Sparidae s 5 vrsta. Prosječna ukupna masa bugve (Boops boops), koja je bila najčešća divlja vrsta pronađena u kavezima, značajno se razlikovala između različitih generacija uzgajane podlanice i brancina. U kavezima najstarije generacije podlanice utvrđena je najveća prosječna ukupna masa bugve i trend pada prosječne ukupne mase je pratio duljinu uzgoja. Prosječna ukupna masa bugve između generacija uzgajanog brancina ne prati taj trend. Rezultati našeg istraživanja pokazuju da divlje ribe mogu ući u kaveze i ostvariti suživot sa uzgajanom ribom. Daljnja istraživanja bi trebala dati odgovore kako i kada divlja riba ulazi u kaveze, kao i njihove preferencije prema pojedinim kavezima te poslužiti za pomoć pri modificiranju tehnologije kako bi se spriječio ulazak divlje ribe u kaveze uzgajane ribe.The Republic of Croatia, given its terrain and natural resources, has exceptional potential for the development of mariculture. In the Republic of Croatia, fish and shellfish that are in high market demand and economically viable for production are currently being cultivated. Fish are raised in floating net cages, and farmers are responsible for ensuring optimal living conditions for the cultivated organisms. The farming cages attract a large number of wild fish, primarily due to the availability of food from farming installations, feed from the cages, and protection from predators. This thesis investigates the occurrence of wild fish in cage farming of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata), European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax), greater amberjack (Seriola dumerili), meagre (Argyrosomus regius), and common dentex (Dentex dentex) over a period of three months. Wild fish were separated from the catch, species were identified, and total mass and total length were measured. Coexistence of farmed and wild fish was confirmed only in the cages of gilthead seabream and European seabass. A total of 11 wild fish species from six families were identified: Carangidae, Clupeidae, Mugilidae, Moronidae, and Scombridae, with the most abundant family being Sparidae, represented by five species. The average total mass of bogue (Boops boops), the most frequently found wild species in the cages, differed significantly between different generations of farmed gilthead seabream and European seabass. The highest average total mass of bogue was recorded in the cages of the oldest generation of gilthead seabream, with a decreasing trend in average total mass corresponding to the duration of farming. However, this trend was not observed in the cages of farmed European seabass. The results of our research indicate that wild fish can enter cages and coexist with farmed fish. Further research should aim to determine how and when wild fish enter the cages, as well as which cages they prefer, in order to help modify farming technology and prevent the entry of wild fish into farmed fish cages
Theories of nursing care
No full textZahvaljujući ubrzanom razvoju, sestrinstvo je danas znanstvena disciplina utemeljena na znanstvenim dokazima koji su rezultat planiranih istraživanja. Dokazi u sestrinskoj profesiji predstavljaju činjenice zasnovane na znanstvenim spoznajama, metodama, rezultatima, hipotezama i teorijama. Pod pojmom teorija podrazumijevamo promišljeno i uopćeno znanje o nekoj pojavi ili o više pojava, a koje je zasnovano na bitnim zakonitostima, principima i metodama. Primarna svrha teorija zdravstvene njege je unaprjeđenje i poboljšanje sestrinske prakse, a time ujedno i unaprjeđenje zdravlja te kvalitete života osobe, obitelji i zajednice kojima se pruža skrb. Razvoj teorija zdravstvene njege i njihova uspješna primjena u sestrinskoj praksi doprinose unapređenju sestrinstva kao znanstvene discipline. Ključno pitanje s kojim se moderno sestrinstvo danas suočava jest razlika između teorije i prakse. Sestrinstvo više ne može i ne smije zanemarivati povezanost te dvije dimenzije. Medicinske sestre imaju odgovornost proučavati, poznavati i kritički promatrati teorije zdravstvene njege. Teorije zdravstvene njege usmjeravaju zdravstvenu njegu i skrb, odnosno sestrinsku praksu, a praksa oblikuje razvoj sestrinskih teorija. Ovaj završni rad obuhvatiti će definicije teorije zdravstvene njege uz prikaz njihovog razvoja, metaparadigme teorija kao i klasifikaciju teorija zdravstvene njege. Nadalje u radu će biti prikazane najvažnije teoretičarke zdravstvene njege uz isticanje raznolikih uloga teorija u zdravstvenoj njezi. Cilj rada jest prikazati teorije zdravstvene njege te ukazati na njihovu važnost i ulogu u pružanju kvalitetne i sigurne zdravstvene njege koja značajno doprinosi pozitivnim zdravstvenim ishodima u cjelini.As a result of the intensified development, we can conclude that nursing in the present day is a scientific profession rooted in scientific evidence. Evidence in the nursing profession is facts based on scientific knowledge, methods, results, hypotheses and theories. The term theory refers to thoughtful and generalized knowledge regardig a phenomenon or multipe phenomena, based on fundamental laws, principles and methods. The primary purpose of nursing theories is to improve nursing practice and the health and quality of life of individuals, families, and communities receiving care. The development of nursing theories and their effective application in nursing practice result in the advancement of nursing as a scientific discipline. One of the most critical concerns that we are faced with today is the difference between theory and practice. Nursing cannot proceed any longer in averting its attention from the connection between these two fields. Nurses are required to study, understand, and critically examine nursing theories. Nursing theories guide health care and practices, while practice shapes the development of nursing theories. This final paper will cover the definitions of nursing theory, its development, the metaparadigm of nursing theories, and the classification of nursing theories. Furthermore, the paper will present the most important nursing theorists, highlighting the multidimensional roles of nursing theories in healthcare. The aim of the paper is to present nursing theories and emphasize their importance and function in providing quality and safe healthcare, which largely influences positive outcomes for general health
Pleistocene Horizons of Pećina u Ždrilu near Rovanjska
No full textPećina u Ždrilu kod Rovanjske smještena je na sjeveroistočnom rubu Ravnih kotara u Masleničkom ždrilu. Probnim i sustavnim istraživanjima provedenim 2021. i 2023. godine otkriveno je da se koristila od razdoblja paleolitika, preko neolitika pa sve do recentnih vremena. Prve tragove u pećini ostavile su neandertalske zajednice prije više od 43 500 godina. Nakon njih u pećini borave i rane lovačko skupljačke zajednice Homo sapiensa, čineći Pećinu u Ždrilu jedinim nalazištem iz tog vremena na području Dalmacije. Uz mali broj nalazišta na istočnoj obali Jadrana, boravak ranih modernih ljudi uvelike je enigmatičan zbog materijalne kulture koju nije moguće usporediti s orinjasijenskom, a koja u isto vrijeme dominira europskim nalazištima i predstavlja pravu "pravu" materijalnu kulturu ranih anatomski modernih ljudi. Situacija u horizontu ranog gornjeg paleolitika u Pećini u Ždrilu kompleksna je, izostaju tipični orinjasijenski litički i koštani artefakti, a jedina potvrda prisustva orinjasijenskih zajednica su za sada radiokarbonski datumi. Najmlađa faza paleolitičkog odsjeka određena je na osnovu prisustva vulkanskog pepela. Preliminarna analiza pokazala je kako je riječ o produktu erupcije Napuljskog žutog tufa na Flegrejskim poljima koja se dogodila prije više od 14 tisuća godina u vrijeme kada je na istočnojadranskoj obali rasprostranjena epigravetijenska kultura. No, kao i u ranijem horizontu, većinom izostaju artefakti karakteristični za epigravetijensku industriju.Pećina u Ždrilu near Rovanjska is located on the northeastern edge of Ravni Kotari in the Maslenica Gorge. Trial and systematic research conducted in 2021 and 2023 revealed that it has been used since the Paleolithic period, through the Neolithic, and up to recent times. The first traces in the cave were left by Neanderthal communities more than 43,500 years ago. After them, early hunter-gatherer groups of Homo sapiens also inhabited the cave, making the Pećina u Ždrilu the only known site from that period in Dalmatia. Along with a small number of sites on the eastern Adriatic coast, the presence of early modern humans remains largely enigmatic due to their material culture, which cannot be directly compared to the Aurignacian culture that dominated European sites at the time and is considered the first true material culture of early anatomically modern humans. The situation in the early Upper Paleolithic horizon of the Pećina u Ždrilu is complex—typical Aurignacian lithic and bone artifacts are absent, and the only confirmation of Aurignacian communities' presence so far comes from radiocarbon dating. The youngest phase of the Paleolithic section has been identified based on the presence of volcanic ash. Preliminary analysis suggests that this ash originated from the eruption of the Naples Yellow Tuff in the Phlegraean Fields, which occurred over 14,000 years ago, at a time when the Epigravettian culture was widespread along the eastern Adriatic coast. However, as in the earlier horizon, artifacts characteristic of the Epigravettian industry are largely absent
Developing Number Sense in Early Preschool Age
No full textRazvoj pojma broj u ranoj i predškolskoj dobi ključan je za cjelokupan kognitivni, akademski i socijalni razvoj djeteta. Ovaj rad proučava proces usvajanja brojčanih vještina kod djece, uz analizu teorijskih pristupa kao što su teorije Piageta, Vygotskog i Brunera, koji naglašavaju važnost faznog razvoja, socijalne interakcije i igre. Istražene su ključne faze razvoja, od početnog prepoznavanja pojmova "više" i "manje", preko mehaničkog brojanja do razumijevanja kardinalnosti i ordinalnosti. Poseban naglasak stavljen je na ulogu igre i svakodnevnih aktivnosti u poticanju ranih matematičkih koncepata. Rad ukazuje na izazove u razvoju pojma broj kod djece s teškoćama u razvoju te analizira utjecaj socijalnih i kulturalnih faktora na matematički razvoj. Studija slučaja provedena provedena u dječem vrtiću Petar Pan prikazuje konkretne metode i aktivnosti koje poticanju razvoj pojma broj kroz igru i praktične zadatke. Zaključeno je da uspješan razvoj brojčanih vještina zahtijeva stvaranje bogatog, poticajnog i interaktivnog okruženja te aktivno sudjelovanje odgojitelja i roditelja. Buduća istraživanja trebala bi dodatno ispitati ulogu digitalnih tehnologija u ranom matematičkom obrazovanju i razviti nove pedagoške pristupe prilagođene djeci s različitim razvojnim potrebama. Rad doprinosi razumijevanju kako rano usvajanje brojevnih pojmova može biti temelj za daljnji akademski uspjeh i životnu kompetentnost djece.The development of number concepts in early and preschool childhood is crucial for children's overall cognitive, academic, and social development. This thesis examines the process of acquiring numerical skills in children, analyzing theoretical approaches such as Piaget, Vygotsky, and Bruner, who emphasize the importance of developmental stages, social interaction, and play. Key stages of number development are explored, from initial recognition of "more" and "less" concepts to mechanical counting and understanding of cardinality and ordinality. Special attention is given to the role of play and everyday activities in fostering early mathematical concepts. The paper highlights the challenges in the development of number concepts among children with developmental difficulties and analyzes the influence of social and cultural factors on mathematical learning. A case study conducted at the Petar Pan kindergarten illustrates specific methods and activities that support number concept development through play and practical tasks. It concludes that the successful development of numerical skills requires creating a rich, stimulating, and interactive environment, along with active involvement of educators and parents. Future research should further investigate the role of digital technologies in early mathematical education and develop new pedagogical approaches tailored to children with diverse developmental needs. This work contributes to understanding how early acquisition of number concepts can lay a foundation for later academic success and life competencies
Inspiration, creativity and mood: Creative process under loop
No full textFascinacija odnosom kreativnosti i raspoloženja jednaka je i danas kao i u Aristotelovo vrijeme koji se u svome dijelu Problemata pita zašto umjetnost korača skupa s melankolijom. Među modernim znanstvenim istraživanjima prevladavaju ona koja ispituju kako raspoloženje utječe na kreativnost, ali ne i puno zamršeniji suprotan smjer tog odnosa. Posebno nedostaje onih studija koje bi provjerile kako povećavanje kreativnosti ili poticanje kreativnijeg mentalnog stanja utječe na raspoloženje. Potreba za takvom studijom postoji iz razloga što istraživanja kreativnosti iz područja art terapije i istraživanja ličnosti i sposobnosti kreativaca ne daju jednoznačne rezultate. Dok istraživanja iz znanstvenih časopisa za art terapiju sugeriraju da kreativnost može popraviti raspoloženje, istraživanja ličnosti kreativaca ostavljaju otvorenu mogućnost istinitosti hipoteze o „ludom genijalcu“. Stoga se ovim istraživanjem nastoji premostiti jaz u postojećoj literaturi između različitih pristupa znanstvenom proučavanju djelovanja umjetnosti i kreativnosti. Cilj ovoga istraživanja bio je ispitati može li izloženost različitim vrstama slikarstva potaknuti kreativnost te kako povećana kreativnost djeluje na raspoloženje. Sudionici istraživanja razvrstani su u kontrolnu i eksperimentalnu skupinu na temelju rezultata otvorenosti za iskustvo i kreativne ideacije te su nakon toga u laboratoriju pristupili mjerenju raspoloženja i sudjelovanju u kreativnim aktivnostima. Ispitanici u eksperimentalnoj skupini promatrali su apstraktne umjetničke slike, a ispitanici u kontrolnoj skupini realistične te su nakon toga rješavali Test kreativnosti-produkcija crteža (TCT-DP; Urban i Jellen, 1995). Na kraju je slijedilo ponovno mjerenje raspoloženja. Rezultati su pokazali kako nema razlika u kreativnosti između onih sudionika koji su gledali apstraktne slike i sudionika koji su gledali realistične slike. Nadalje, dokazano je da kreativne aktivnosti mogu povećati pozitivan afekt, međutim nisu utvrđene promjene u negativnom afektu prije i nakon kreativnog angažmana.Fascination with the relationship between creativity and mood is still strong today, just as it was in the time of Aristotle, who in his work Problemata posed the question of why art walks with melancholy. The majority of modern scientific literature explores how mood impacts creativity, but pays less attention to the more mysterious relationship in the opposite direction. In particular, there is a lack of studies examining how increasing creativity or encouraging a more creative mindset influences mood. The need for such research exists because studies of creativity from an art therapy perspective, and studies exploring the personality and abilities of creative individuals, yield mixed results. While research from scientific and art therapy journals suggests that art can improve mood, studies on creative personality leave open the possibility that the “mad genius” hypothesis may hold some truth. Therefore, this research attempts to bridge the gap in the existing literature between different approaches to the scientific study of art and creativity. The aim of this research was to examine whether exposure to different types of paintings can increase creativity, and how increased creativity impacts mood.Participants in the study were assigned to experimental and control groups based on their scores in openness and creative ideation. They then came to the laboratory for mood assessment and the main creative activity. Participants in the experimental group viewed abstract paintings, while those in the control group viewed realistic paintings, after which they completed the Test of Creative Thinking – Drawing Production (TCT-DP; Urban i Jellen, 1995). At the end of the study, their mood was reassessed. The results showed no differences in creativity between participants who viewed abstract paintings and those who viewed realistic ones. Furthermore, it was proven that creative activities can increase positive affect, although changes in negative affect before and after creative engagement were not observed