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Empatija i zlikovci horor žanra
The villains of the horror genre have always captivated the audience. Despite their actions the audience are often drawn to these villains, feeling compassion towards them. This paper aims to explore why. While some authors believe the society can thrive only through empathy, others believe that empathy is the leading cause of inequality and rationalization of heinous acts. I would argue that empathy is inevitable and it is natural to empathize with bad people, especially those whose stories we hear or see in detail. The problem arises when we justify their behavior, but not when we feel compassion towards their struggles which led them to such behavior. I am exploring the empathy towards the villains through four movies: Alfred Hitchcock's Psycho (1960), Wes Craven’s A Nightmare on Elm Street (1984), Jonathan Demme's Silence of The Lambs (1991) and M.Night Shyamalan’s Split (2016). In an attempt to answer why we feel empathy towards these characters, I have concluded that we attach ourselves to their humanity the moment we recognize it and their inhumanity becomes secondary in the formation of our attitudes towards them.Negativci filmskog svijeta oduvijek fasciniraju gledatelje. Unatoč njihovim postupcima, negativci privlače gledatelje, koji prema njima često osjećaju sažaljenje. Ovim radom htjela sam istražiti zašto je to tako. Dok neki autori vjeruju da društvo može napredovati samo kroz empatiju, drugi vjeruju da je empatija glavni uzrok nejednakosti i racionalizacije loših postupaka. Tvrdim da je empatija neizbježna i da je prirodno suosjećati s lošim ljudima, posebno s onima čije priče detaljno čujemo ili vidimo. Problem nastaje kada opravdavamo njihovo ponašanje, ali ne kada osjećamo empatiju zbog okolnosti koje su ih dovele do takvog ponašanja. Istražujem empatiju prema negativcima kroz četiri filma: Alfred Hitchcock - Psycho (1960), Wes Craven - A Nightmare on Elm Street (1984), Jonathan Demme - Silence of The Lambs (1991) I M.Night Shyamalan - Split (2016). U pokušaju da odgovorim na pitanje zašto osjećamo empatiju prema zlim likovima, zaključujem da se povezujemo s njihovom ljudskošću čim je prepoznamo, a njihova neljudskost tad postaje sekundarna u formiranju naših osjećaja prema njima
Comparative analysis of two literary translations: Manolito Gafotas
Este trabajo fin de máster consiste en dos traducciones comparativas croatas del texto Paquito Medina no es de este mundo, capítulo del libro Manolito Gafotas (1994) de Elvira Lindo. Se analizaron diferentes aspectos de estas dos traducciones, de las cuales texto meta 2 (más adelante: TM2) es localizado y el otro, texto meta 1 (más adelante: TM1) permanece fiel al texto original. Se realizaron las estrategias y métodos de la traducción según las cuales analizamos elementos típicos de la literatura infantil y juvenil (más adelante: LIJ). Por lo tanto, la estructura del trabajo se divide en tres partes; la parte teórica, la parte práctica y la parte de análisis. En la parte teórica se establecen los temas del desarrollo de la LIJ, definiciones de la LIJ y traducción de la LIJ. La parte práctica consiste en dos traducciones croatas. La parte final, ofrece el análisis de los textos meta traducidos.Ovaj diplomski rad sadrži dva usporedna prijevoda poglavlja Paquito Medina no es de este mundo iz knjige Manolito Gafotas, autorice Elvire Lindo, na hrvatski jezik. Analizirani su različiti elementi ovih prijevoda, od kojih je jedan podvrgnut procesu lokalizacije, dok je drugi ostao vjeran originalnom tekstu. Kako bismo mogli analizirati osobitosti dječje književnosti, slijedili smo se određene prevoditeljske metode i strategije. Shodno tome, struktura diplomskog rada sastoji se od tri dijela; teorijskog, praktičnog i dijela s analizom prijevoda. U teorijskom dijelu koji je ujedno i prvi dio rada, predstavlja se povijesni razvoj, definicije i prijevod dječje književnosti. Praktični dio sadrži dva hrvatska prijevoda. Završni dio nudi analizu prevedenih tekstova sa španjolskog na hrvatski jezik.This thesis contains two comparative translations into Croatian of the chapter Paquito Medina no es de este mundo from the book Manolito Gafotas, written by Elvira Lindo. Different elements of these translations were analyzed, one of which underwent a localization process, while the other remained faithful to the original text. In order to be able to analyze the peculiarities of children's literature, certain translation methods and strategies were followed. Therefore, the structure of the thesis consists of three parts; theoretical, practical and analysis part. In the theoretical part, which is also the first part of this thesis, the historical development, definitions and translation of
children's literature are presented. The practical part consists of two Croatian translations. The final part offers an analysis of translated texts from Spanish to the Croatian language
Environmental awareness and attitudes towards greenwashing in the Republic of Croatia
Rad pruža uvid u obilježja zelenog marketinga, karakteristike zelenih potrošača i objašnjava fenomen greenwashinga. Zeleni marketing označava marketing ekološki prihvatljivih proizvoda i usluga, a njegove bitne karakteristike se očituju u povezivanju potreba potrošača sa zaštitom okoliša pri čemu se nastoji stvoriti zeleni imidž poslovanja. Ekološki osviješteni potrošači nazivaju se još i zelenim potrošačima te oni podrazumijevaju potrošače koji zadovoljavaju svoje želje i potrebe s proizvodima ili uslugama najmanjih negativnih utjecaja na okolinu. Riječ je o potrošačima koji su često spremni platiti više za ekološki prihvatljiv proizvod i koji mijenjaju svoje postojeće potrošačke navike s ekološki prihvatljivijim. Vodeći se takvim promjenama tržišta dolazi do pojavljivanja fenomena greenwashinga. Greenwashing označava primjenu marketinških aktivnosti koje su suprotne zelenom marketingu i u vidu kojih se poduzeća neopravdano predstavljaju potrošačima kao ekološki prihvatljiva pri čemu se neopravdanost očituje u njihovom isticanju smanjenja negativnog utjecaja na okoliš, dok u praksi to ne primjenjuju. Glavni cilj rada bio je istražiti ekološku osviještenost i stavove prema greenwashingu kod hrvatskih potrošača što je ispitano provedbom empirijskog istraživanja. Istraživanje je provedeno mrežnim putem i korišten je mjerni instrument anketa koja je bila kreirana pomoću alata Google obrasci. Analizom prikupljenih podataka utvrđeno je da među hrvatskim potrošačima prevladava neutralna do umjereno visoka razina ekološke osviještenosti i oni pokazuju negativan stav prema greenwashingu. Nadalje, testiranjem postavljenih hipoteza utvrđeno da kod hrvatskih potrošača postoji statistički značajna povezanost između ekološke osviještenosti i stava prema greenwashinga te između razine obrazovanja i stava prema greenwashingu.The paper provides an insight into the aspects of green marketing, and the characteristics of green consumers and explains the phenomenon of greenwashing. Green marketing represents the marketing of environmentally friendly products and services, and its essential characteristics are manifested in the connection of consumer needs with environmental protection while trying to create a green business image. Environmentally conscious consumers are also called green consumers, and they represent consumers who satisfy their wishes and demands with products or services with the least adverse environmental impact. These consumers are often willing to pay more for an environmentally friendly product and are changing their existing consumption habits to a more environmentally friendly one. Driven by such market demands, the phenomenon of greenwashing occurs. Greenwashing refers to the application of marketing activities that are contrary to green marketing and in the form of which companies groundlessly present themselves to consumers as environmentally acceptable, where the groundlessness is manifested in their emphasis on reducing the negative impact on the environment. At the same time, in practice, they do not apply it. The main goal of the paper was to investigate environmental awareness and attitudes towards greenwashing among Croatian consumers, which was examined by conducting empirical research. The research was conducted online and using the poll as the survey instrument, which was created using the Google Forms tool. Analysing the collected data, it was determined that a neutral to moderately high level of environmental awareness prevails among Croatian consumers and they show a negative attitude towards greenwashing. Furthermore, by testing the hypotheses, it was determined that among Croatian consumers there is a statistically significant relationship between environmental awareness and attitude towards greenwashing and between the level of education and attitude towards greenwashing
Characteristics of the gastro-cultural offer in Herzegovina hotel industry
Hercegovina je zemlja od kamena i krša, blagoslovljena sa oko 270 sunčanih dana godišnje. Njena idealna geografska pozicija omogućuje joj povoljne klimatske uvjete za uzgoj i razvoj brojnih biljnih i kulturnih vrsta kao i mogućnosti za razvoj ljetnog, zimskog turizma te gospodarstva općenito. Prepuna je potencijala koji će tek u budućnosti biti pravilno iskorišten. Odnosno, turizam će u budućnosti biti temeljna grana razvoja gospodarstva u regiji. Jedno je sigurno, Hercegovina je od vijeka rađala i svijetu poklanjala ono najbolje od sebe: ljude, hranu, život... stoga, kada je riječ o gastronomiji i turizmu ne preostaje nam ništa drugo nego nastaviti raditi i živjeti kao i do sada i uspjeha neće manjkati.Herzegovina is a land of stone and karst, blessed with about 270 sunny days a year. Its ideal geographical position provides favorable climitic conditions for cultivation and development of numerous plant and culural species, as well as opportunities for the development of summer and winter tourism and the economy in general. It is full of potential that will be properly utilized in the future. That is, in the future, tourism will be a fundamental branch of economic development in the region. One thing is certain, since time immemorial Herzegovina has given birth and given the best of itself to the world: people, food, life... therefore, when it comes to gastronomy and tourism, we have no choice but to continue working and living as we have done so far, and there will be no success lack
Izražavanje emocija u digitalnoj komunikaciji
Nonverbal cues, which help to express emotions, are unintentional in Face-to-Face communication. The ambiguity of online communication created a demand for the transfer of those nonverbal cues, but they are used deliberately. This study will try to explain how well alternatives to Face-to-Face communication function, as well as which of them are most used and most reliable. Some of the nonverbal cues examined include emojis, emphasis, Internet slang and stickers. A mixed method approach consisting of a questionnaire and five semistructured interviews was used. The results show that there is a connection between the emotion people feel and the emoji they insert. Additionally, emojis can set the tone of the message and often act as hedges or intensifiers. The use of nonverbal cues in online communication can help in expressing emotions and reducing miscommunication.Neverbalni znakovi, koji pomažu u iskazivanju osjećaja, nenamjerni su u komunikaciji „licem u lice“. Nejasnost u online komunikaciji stvorila je potrebu za prenošenjem tih neverbalnih znakova, ali se koriste s namjerom. U ovome radu želi se prikazati koliko uspješno funkcioniraju alternative komunikaciji uživo, kao i koje od njih su najkorištenije i najpouzdanije. Metodologija uključuje anketu te pet polustrukturiranih intervjua. Rezultati pokazuju postojanje poveznice između emocije koji ljudi osjećaju i emojija koji upotrijebe. Također, emojiji mogu odrediti ton poruke te često postupaju kao sredstva ograđivanja ili kao pojačivači. Korištenje neverbalnih znakova u online komunikaciji pomaže u izražavanju emocija te smanjuje nesporazum
Strategic Aspects of Private Labels Based on the Example of Lidl Hrvatska D.o.o. k.d.
Ovaj rad bavi se istraživanjem strateških aspekata privatnih maraka na primjeru tvrtke Lidl Hrvatska d.o.o. k.d. Radom se nastoji predočiti teoretski okvir koji posrednici poput trgovaca na malo moraju poznavati kako bi razumjeli strateške implikacije posjedovanja privatnih maraka zbog ostvarivanja konkurentske prednosti nad konkurentima. Nadalje, u radu je na primjeru tvrtke Lidl izvršeno primarno istraživanje putem anketiranja prilikom kojeg su ispitani stavovi i navike kupaca prema Lidlovim privatnim markama i privatnim markama općenito. Cilj istraživanja bio je povećati spoznaju o strateškim aspektima privatnih maraka. Istražen je značaj strateškog pristupa tom konceptu, implikacije koje nastaju zbog potrebe njegova integriranja u temeljno poslovanje poduzeća, njegova veza s mogućnošću ostvarivanja konkurentske prednosti te mogući rizici. Svrha istraživanja jest ukazati na važnost poznavanja strateških aspekata privatnih maraka u maloprodajnom sektoru.The purpose of this thesis was to investigate the strategic aspects of private labels based on the example of Lidl Hrvatska d.o.o. k.d. The thesis aims to present the theoretical framework which needs to be familiar to agents such as retailers in order for them to understand the strategic implications of owning private labels to gain competitive leverage over the rivals. Furthermore, based on the example of Lidl company the thesis conducted a primary research by the means of a questionnaire about customers' views and habits regarding Lidl's private labels as well as private labels in general. The aim of the research was to increase the knowledge about strategic aspects of private labels. The thesis examined the significance of strategic approach to the concept, the implications arising due to the need for its integration into the fundamental business operations of the company, its connection with the opportunities to obtain competitive leverage and potential risks. The intention of the research was to indicate the importance of understanding the strategic aspects of private labels in the retail sector
Control of invasive fish species in the "Krka" National Park with an emphasis on pike (Esox lucius)
Rijeka Krka spada u vodotoke Jadranskog slijeva s najvećim brojem zabilježenih slatkovodnih vrsta, zbog čega spada u najzanimljivija ihtiološka područja Hrvatske. Od ukupnog broja zabilježenih vrsta šest je stranih, a osam vrsta jesu zavičajne endemske vrste. Tema ovog rada su invazivne vrste unesene u rijeku Krku iz drugih europskih i svjetskih staništa te translociranih vrsta iz Dunavskog slijeva. To je rezultiralo promjenama u ribljem fondu i brojnosti populacija autohtonih i endemičnih vrsta riba poput visovačkog glavočića, oštrulje, mrena, drlje te ilirskog i turskog klena. Osnovni cilj ovog rada je utvrđivanje kvantitativnog stanja populacija stranih vrsta naročito štuke te razvoj programa uklanjanja invazivnih vrsta kako bi se pokušale određenim mjerama osigurati adekvatni uvjeti koji će omogućiti opstanak autohtonih riba u Nacionalnom parku „Krka“. Od svih zabilježenih vrsta, tijekom istraživanja najbrojnija vrsta je bila gambuzija (3749 jedinke, 35,5%), bezribica (2728 jedinke, 25,8% ) i sunčanica (2023 jedinke, 19,1%), a slijedi ih drlja (1223 jedinke, 11,6%). Navedene četiri vrste čine 92,1% ukupne brojnosti uzorka, dok su ostale vrste zastupljene s manje od 2%. Od ostalih alohtonih i unesenih vrsta, crni somić je zastupljen s 1,8% (199 jedinki), grgeč s 1,4% (154 jedinki), linjak s 0,8% (93 jedinke), štuka s 0,1% (19 jedinki), babuška s 0,05% (pet jedinki), šaran s 0,02% (dvije jedinke) te bijeli amur s 0,01% (jedna jedinka) Utjecaj invazivnih vrsta na zavičajnu ihtiofaunu je višestruk, a najznačajnije je da se odrasle jedinke, posebice štuka, hrane prvenstveno mlađi zavičajnih vrsta smanjujući njihov reproduktivni uspjeh. Također, uzrokuju kompeticiju za hranu i pogodna staništa, a mijenjaju i stanišne uvjete. U tom je pogledu štuka posebno problematična, s obzirom na veliku gustoću populacije u rijeci Krki i njenu sposobnost da se vrlo brzo širi u svim vodotocima u koje je ubačena. Unesene predatorske vrste (posebice štuka) uzrokovale su promjene čije posljedice tek treba sagledati. Kroz trenutna, ali i ranija istraživanja, utvrđeno je kako se strane i invazivne vrste riba, posebno štuka, kao vršni predator, tijekom visokih voda iz Šarenih jezera šire u rijeku Kosovčicu, a zatim i u rijeku Krku i na taj način narušavaju ekološko i biološko stanje iste unosom stranih vrsta riba koje imaju negativan utjecaj na cijelu ihtiofaunu rijeke te je potrebno mehaničkim rješenjima poput pregrada, nasipa i rešetki te električnim mjerama odvraćati i sprječavati rasprostranjenost tih invazivnih vrsta. Usporedno s tim tehničkim rješenjima, potrebno je izvoditi selektivni izlov stranih (invazivnih) vrsta kako na navedenim područjima tako i u samom Nacionalnom parku „Krka“ te zabraniti i spriječiti daljnje poribljavanje neželjenim vrstama pogotovo u njezinim ujezerenim područjima rijeke idealnim za mrijest, rast i širenje tih stranih vrsta, kao što su Carigradska draga i Jezero Brljan.The Krka River belongs to the watercourses of the Adriatic Basin with the largest number of recorded freshwater species, which is why it belongs to the most interesting ichthyological areas in Croatia. Of the total number of recorded species, six are foreign, and eight are native endemic species. The topic of this work is invasive species introduced into the Krka River from other European and world habitats and translocated species from the Danube Basin. This resulted in changes in the fish stock and the number of populations of autochthonous and endemic fish species, such as the Flounder from Visovac,Dalmatian barbel gudgeon, barbel, Dalmatian rudd, and Illyrian and Turkish chub. The main goal of this work is to determine the quantitative state of populations of foreign species, especially pike, and to develop a program to remove invasive species in order to try to ensure adequate conditions that will enable the survival of indigenous fish in the "Krka" National Park. Of all the recorded species, during the research the most numerous species were the gambusia (3749 individuals, 35.5%), topmouth gudgeon (2728 individuals, 25.8%) and Pumpkinseed (2023 individuals, 19.1%), Dalmatian rudd (1223 individuals, 11.6%). The mentioned four species make up 92.1% of the total abundance of the sample, while the other species are represented by less than 2%. Of the other non-native and introduced species, Black bullhead is represented by 1.8% (199 individuals), bass by 1.4% (154 individuals), tench by 0.8% (93 individuals), pike by 0.1% ( 19 individuals), prussian carp with 0.05% (five individuals), carp with 0.02% (two individuals) and white grass carp with 0.01% (one individual) The impact of invasive species on native ichthyofauna is multiple, and the most significant is that adults, especially pike, feed primarily on juveniles of native species, reducing their reproductive success. They also cause competition for food and suitable habitats, and change habitat conditions. Introduced predatory species cause changes whose consequences have yet to be seen. In this regard, the pike is particularly problematic, given the high population density in the Krka River and its ability to spread very quickly in all watercourses into which it is introduced. Introduced predatory species (especially pike) caused changes whose consequences have yet to be seen. Through current and earlier researches, it was established that foreign and invasive species of fish, especially pike, as the top predator, during high waters from Šareni Jezera spread into the Kosovčica River and then into the Krka River, thus disrupting the ecological and biological state they pollute it by bringing in foreign species of fish that have a negative impact on the entire ichthyofauna of the river, and it is necessary to use mechanical solutions such as barriers, embankments and gratings and electrical measures that deter and prevent the spread of these invasive species. In parallel with these technical solutions, it is necessary to carry out selective fishing of foreign (invasive) species both in the mentioned areas and in the National Park "Krka" itself, and to prohibit and prevent further stocking with unwanted species, especially in its lake areas of the river ideal for spawning, growth and spread of these foreign species, such as Carigradska draga and Jezero Brljan
Preschool childrens projects at the Ivan Meštrović Mausoleum in Otavice
Ovaj diplomski rad istražuje ulogu muzejskih posjeta u razvoju likovnih vještina i emocionalnog izraza predškolske djece, s posebnim fokusom na djecu iz Knina i Gradaca. Muzeji su često podcijenjeni kao resursi za obrazovanje najmlađih, ali ova studija istražuje kako stvarni posjeti muzejima mogu imati dubok i pozitivan utjecaj na razvoj dječje kreativnosti i senzibiliteta za umjetnost. Istraživanje se temelji na analizi crteža i radova djece prije i nakon njihovih posjeta muzeju. Rezultati pokazuju značajne promjene u dječjim likovnim izričajima nakon posjeta muzeju, sugerirajući da su muzeji ključni za poticanje kreativnosti i umjetničkog razmišljanja kod predškolske djece. Osim toga, ovaj rad istražuje potrebu za suradnjom muzeja s roditeljima i obrazovnim ustanovama. Promoviranje svijesti roditelja o ulozi muzeja u obrazovanju njihove djece i poticanje obiteljskih posjeta muzejima ključno je za obogaćivanje dječjeg iskustva i razumijevanje umjetnosti. Uz stvarne posjete muzeju, ovaj rad također istražuje važnost integracije digitalnih tehnologija u muzejsku pedagogiju. Digitalni prikazi umjetničkih djela mogu pružiti dodatne resurse za učenje i dopuniti stvarne posjete, potičući interaktivno učenje djece predškolske dobi. Nadalje, diplomski rad naglašava potrebu za daljnjim istraživanjima u ovom području. Postoji potencijal za dublje istraživanje učinka stvarnih posjeta muzeju i digitalnih prikaza na razvoj likovnih sposobnosti i emocionalnog izraza djece predškolske dobi. Također bi se mogli analizirati utjecaji posjeta muzeju na djecu različitih dobnih skupina. Kroz ova istraživanja, može se razviti bolje razumijevanje kako muzeji i obrazovne ustanove mogu oblikovati bolju budućnost za najmlađe ljubitelje umjetnosti. Implikacije ovog rada šire se na područje muzejske pedagogije i obrazovanja. Također se promiče raznolikost u umjetnosti i poticanje djece na različite oblike izražavanja. Konačno, ovaj rad podcrtava trajnu vrijednost umjetničkih iskustava u ranom djetinjstvu i poziva muzeje da postanu partneri u razvoju budućih generacija umjetnika i ljubitelja umjetnosti.This master's thesis explores the role of museum visits in the development of artistic skills and emotional expression in preschool children, with a special focus on children from Knin and Gradac. Museums are often underestimated as resources for the education of the youngest, but this study investigates how real visits to museums can have a profound and positive impact on the development of children's creativity and their sensitivity to art. The research is based on the analysis of drawings and works by children before and after their museum visits. The results show significant changes in children's artistic expressions after visiting the museum, suggesting that museums are crucial in fostering creativity and artistic thinking in preschool children. In addition, this paper explores the need for collaboration between museums, parents, and educational institutions. Promoting parental awareness of the role of museums in their children's education and encouraging family visits to museums are essential for enriching children's experiences and understanding of art. In addition to physical visits to the museum, this paper also examines the importance of integrating digital technologies into museum pedagogy. Digital representations of artwork can provide additional learning resources and complement physical visits, promoting interactive learning for preschool children. Furthermore, the master's thesis emphasizes the need for further research in this area. There is potential for more in-depth research into the effects of physical museum visits and digital displays on the development of artistic skills and emotional expression in preschool children. The impacts of museum visits on children of different age groups could also be analyzed. Through this research, a better understanding of how museums and educational institutions can shape a brighter future for the youngest art enthusiasts can be developed. The implications of this paper extend to the field of museum pedagogy and education. It also promotes diversity in art and encourages children to explore various forms of expression. Finally, this paper underscores the enduring value of artistic experiences in early childhood and calls on museums to become partners in shaping future generations of artists and art enthusiasts
Modeling of suitability zones for the arrangement of green urban spaces for vulnerable groups
Urbane zelene površine imaju sve veću vrijednost zbog ubrzanog procesa urbanizacije diljem svijeta. Statistika urbanih zelenih površina je zapostavljena, a klasifikacija urbanih zelenih površina nije standardizirana na globalnoj razini. U radu je ispitana primijenjivost AHP metode u svrhu određivanja najpogodnije zone za uređenje zelenih površina za ranjive skupine. Na temelju kriterija te njihovih težinskih koeficijenata generiran je model pomoću AHP metode. Odabrana zelena površina je površina na području Novog Bokanjca, brzo rastućeg dijela naselja Zadar na kojem se nalazi velik broj obiteljskih kuća. Velik udio urbanih zelenih površina u naselju Zadar nije pogodan za ranjive skupine, a posebice je neprilagođen za osobe s invaliditetom koje se suočavaju s neuređenim i nepristupačnim terenom u parkovima naselja Zadar. U radu je ispitana i dostupnost do zelenih površina koja je uspoređena s Angst metodologijom. Utvrđeno je da samo 16,6 % stambenih objekata ima dostupnost do urbanih zelenih površina većih od 2 ha na udaljenosti od 300 metara od mjesta stanovanja. Izvršena je klasifikacija urbanih zelenih površina prema Resleru te prema prostornom planu upravljanja Gradom Zadrom. Na temelju prostornog plana izračunat je postotak zelenih površina koji iznosi oko 20 %.Urban green areas have an increasing value due to the accelerated process of urbanization around the world. The statistics of urban green areas are neglected, and the classification of urban green areas is not standardized at the global level. The paper examines the applicability of the AHP method for the purpose of determining the most suitable zone for arranging green urban spaces for vulnerable groups. Based on the criteria and their weighting coefficients, a model was generated using the AHP method. The selected green area is the area in the settlement of Novi Bokanjac, a rapidly growing part of the settlement Zadar with a large number of family houses. A large proportion of urban green areas in Zadar are not suitable for vulnerable groups, and are especially unsuitable for people with disabilities who face unorganized and inaccessible terrain in Zadar's parks. The paper also examined accessibility to green areas, which was compared with the Angst methodology. It was determined that only 16.6% of residential buildings have access to urban green areas larger than 2 ha at a distance of 300 meters from the place of residence. The classification of urban green areas according to Resler and according to the spatial management plan of the City of Zadar was carried out. Based on the spatial plan, the percentage of green areas is calculated, and its percentage values approximately 20 %
Fortifications of the Middle Age and Early Modern Age around the course of Kupa River
Ovaj rad govori o srednjovjekovnim i ranonovovjekovnim utvrdama oko rijeke Kupe. U početku se bazira na povijesnom i geografskom pregledu geografskih cjelina Republike Hrvatske koje protječe prije spomenuta rijeka. Nakon povijesnog i geografskog pregleda predstavljeni su konkretni primjeri srednjovjekovnih i ranonovovjekovnih utvrda. Počinje se od utoka Kupe u Savu kod grada Siska te se nižu primjeri utvrda uzvodno prema izvoru rijeke. Kod analiza utvrda ponuđen je pregled kroz povijest utvrda, geostrateški položaj, arhitektonske ostatke, povijest istraživanja utvrda uz ostale inačice kao na primjer problem datacije i pokretni nalazi.This paper presents medieval and early modern age fortifications around the course of Kupa River. In the beginning, the paper is focused on the historical and geographical review of the Republic of Croatia, which the previously mentioned river runs through. After a historical and geographical review, the paper now presents specific examples of medieval and early modern age fortifications. The starting point is the interlude of the Kupa and Sava rivers by the city of Sisak and other fortifications listing west, that is, upstream towards the State Border of the Republic of Croatia with Slovenia and finally the source of Kupa river. Examining the forts, we are given insight into their history, geostrategic position, architectural remains, and excavation history, alongside some other points for example problems with dating and movable findings