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Cooperation of School Pedagogues and Associates of the Centers for Social Welfare Regarding Domestic Violence
No full textPredmet ovog istraživanja predstavljaju iskustva pedagoga u osnovnim školama o provedenoj suradnji sa stručnim suradnicima unutar Centara za socijalnu skrb glede obiteljskog nasilja. Cilj istraživanja bio je prvenstveno utvrditi mišljenje pedagoga o provedivosti i kvaliteti suradnje sa stručnim suradnicima koji djeluju unutar Centara za socijalnu skrb po pitanju obiteljskog nasilja i njegovog utjecaja na djecu te u kojoj je mjeri suradnja prisutna. U istraživanju se koristila metoda intervjua, a kao tehnika odabran je polustrukturirani intervju. Intervju je proveden s pet pedagoga koji djeluju unutar osnovnih škola grada Zadra. Proveden je s ciljem dobivanja konkretne, osobne slike rada na slučajevima obiteljskog nasilja i upoznavanja s mišljenjem ispitanika o suradnji stručnih službi osnovnih škola i Centra za socijalnu skrb. Cilj intervjua je i upoznavanje nekih specifičnosti kod rada školskih pedagoga, njihovih razmišljanja o obiteljskom nasilju i eventualnim preprekama za što stručnije djelovanje. Za potrebe vođenja polustrukturiranog intervjua pripremljena je lista pitanja kojima su naznačene osnovne teme sukladno postavljenim istraživačkim zadacima. Iz dobivenih podataka mogu se zamijetiti sljedeći rezultati istraživanja. Najprije su tu očekivani čimbenici koji idu u prilog prijavljivanju nasilja nad djecom od strane škole i školske stručne službe: podizanje javne svijesti, prisutnost teme nasilja u medijima, zakoni i protokoli o postupanju u slučajevima nasilja, educiranost kompletne školske stručne službe i učitelja, neuobičajeno ponašanje učenika u školi i želja da se pomogne djetetu ukoliko postoji sumnja na nasilje u obitelji. Potom imamo čimbenike koji ne idu u prilog prijavljivanju nasilja nad djecom od strane škole i školske stručne službe: strah od gubitka povjerenja djeteta, nesklonost zadiranja u obiteljske odnose, strah za vlastitu sigurnost, nedostatak čvrstih dokaza, nedostatak povjerenja u sustav te bojazan od nemogućnosti promjene stanja, loša educiranost učitelja i stručnih suradnika, manjak stručnih suradnika u školi i zadnje, ali i najvažnije, priroda poslova pedagoga u školama. U području suradnje škole i Centra za socijalnu skrb pedagozi su prepoznali dosta čimbenika za unapređenje kvalitete suradnje, a to su: organizacija zajedničkih edukacija, aktivno upozoravanje škole o postojanju rizičnih obitelji od strane Centra i bolja razmjena informacija te zapošljavanje socijalnih radnika kao stručnih suradnika u školi. Školski pedagozi su mišljenja kako unutar permanentnog obrazovanja stručnih suradnika treba organizirati edukacije u kojima bi oni stekli potrebna znanja za primjereno postupanje sa djecom koje su žrtve obiteljskog nasilja, kako bi se upoznali s radom institucija s kojima trebaju surađivati i kako bi osvijestili nužnost prijavljivanja slučajeva obiteljskog nasilja.The subject of this research is the experiences of pedagogues in primary schools on the conducted cooperation with professional associates who work within the Centers for Social Welfare regarding domestic violence. The aim of the research was primarily to determine the opinion of pedagogues on the feasibility and quality of cooperation with professional associates working within the Centers for Social Welfare on domestic violence and its impact on children and the extent to which cooperation is present. I used the interview method in the research, and a semi-structured interview was chosen as the technique. The interview was conducted with five pedagogues working within the primary schools of the city of Zadar. It was conducted with the aim of obtaining a concrete, personal picture of working on cases of domestic violence and to get acquainted with the opinion of the respondents on the cooperation between the professional services of primary schools and the Center for Social Welfare. The aim of the interview is to get to know some specifics in the work of school pedagogues, their thoughts on domestic violence and possible obstacles in order to act as professionally as possible. For the purpose of conducting a semi-structured interview, a list of questions was prepared which indicated the basic topics in accordance with the set research tasks. The following research results can be observed from the obtained data. First of all, there are the expected factors that support the reporting of violence against children by the school and the school professional service: raising public awareness, the presence of violence in the media, laws and protocols on dealing with violence, education of the entire school professional service and teachers, unusual students behavior at school and a desire to help a child if there is a suspicion of domestic violence. Then we have factors that are not conducive to reporting violence against children by the school and the school professional service: fear of losing the child's trust, reluctance to interfere in family relationships, fear for their own safety, lack of solid evidence, lack of trust in the system and fear of not being able to change the situation, poor education of teachers and professional associates, lack of professional associates in schools and last but not least, the nature of the work of pedagogues in schools. In the field of cooperation between the school and the Center for Social Welfare, pedagogues had identified many factors to improve the quality of cooperation, namely: organization of joint education, active warning of the school about the existence of high-risk families by the Center and better exchange of information and employment of social workers as professional associates in the school. School pedagogues think that within the permanent education of professional associates trainings should be organized in which they would acquire the necessary knowledge for appropriate treatment of children who are victims of domestic violence, to get acquainted with the work of institutions they need to cooperate with and to raise awareness of the necessity to report cases of domestic violence
Examining the Opinions of Students and Teachers of Primary and Secondary Schools on Assessment Methods
No full textKako bi došlo do što uspješnijeg stjecanja znanja i vještina, obrazovni sustav učenicima nudi sadržaje, nakon čega slijedi proces praćenja te na kraju i ocjenjivanja. Glavna funkcija ocjene trebala bi biti motivacija za daljnje napredovanje učenika te se očekuje da se tim procesom otkrije što učenici znaju ili na čemu bi trebali više poraditi. U teorijskom dijelu ovoga rada objašnjeni su pojmovi vrednovanja, ispitivanja i ocjenjivanja uz naglasak na metode ocjenjivanja učenika, ulogu nastavnika u samom procesu ocjenjivanja, problem subjektivnosti nastavnika te oblici ocjenjivanja učenikova uspjeha i donošenje zaključne ocjene. Istraživački dio ovog rada se bavi ispitivanjem mišljenja učenika i nastavnika osnovnih i srednjih škola o metodama ocjenjivanja. Uzorak su činili učenici i nastavnici dvije srednje škole u Ivanić-Gradu i Zadru te učenici dviju osnovnih škola u Posavskim Bregima i Ivanić-Gradu. Anketni upitnik je služio kao instrument istraživanja s pitanjima koja su bila originalno sastavljena u svrhu ovoga rada. Rezultati istraživanja pokazali su da se učenici najčešće susreću s pismenim i usmenim metodama provjeravanja znanja i sposobnosti, unatoč tome što je velik broj njih odgovorio da im više odgovaraju projekti i radne aktivnosti. Također, velika većina ispitanika (uzevši u obzir učenike i same nastavnike) naglašava problem prekoračenja maksimalnog dnevnog opterećenja učenika kroz nastavnikovo provjeravanje i ocjenjivanje. Dobiveni rezultati ukazuju na nužnost uvođenja širokog spektra promjena u samom školskom sustavu kako bi se osiguralo pozitivno i ohrabrujuće ozračje koje bi poticalo i težilo daljnjem rastu i napretku učenika na svim razinama ličnosti.In order to achieve the most successful acquisition of knowledge and skills, the educational system offers content for students, followed by a monitoring process and finally, evaluation. The main function of grades should be to motivate students for their further advancement, and it is expected that this process reveals what the students are successful at, but also what they should focus on improving. In the theoretical part of this thesis, various terms are explained such as evaluation, testing and grading with an emphasis on grading methods, the role of the teacher in the evaluation process itself, the problem of teacher subjectivity, and the forms of evaluation of student success and forming a final grade. The research part of this thesis deals with examining the opinions of students and teachers of primary and secondary schools on assessment methods. The sample consisted of students and teachers of two secondary schools in Ivanić-Grad and Zadar, as well as two primary schools in Posavski Bregi and Ivanić- Grad. A survey questionnaire served as a research instrument with questions that were originally designed for the purpose of this work. The research results showed that students most often encounter written and oral methods of evaluating their knowledge and abilities, despite the fact that there are a large number of them who answered that they prefer projects and work activities more. Also, the vast majority of respondents (taking into account the students and the teachers themselves) emphasize the problem of exceeding the maximum daily workload of students through the teacher’s evaluation and grading. The obtained results indicate the necessity of introducing a wide range of changes in the school system itself in order to ensure a positive and encouraging atmosphere that would inspire and strive for further growth and to the progress of students at all levels of their individual personalities
Contrastive analysis of French, Italian and Croatian comparative phrasemes with a zoonymic component
No full textCe mémoire porte sur une analyse contrastive des expressions figées comparatives à composante zoonymique dans les langues françaises, italienne et croate. Afin de mieux traiter les données, nous avons divisé le mémoire en deux parties principales. La première partie renvoie à la théorie de la phraséologie. Nous avons décrit son histoire, son statut et sa terminologie complexe. Nous avons traité des unités phraséologiques, en donnant leur définition, leur division, leurs caractéristiques et leurs sources. Ensuite, nous avons décrit les idées principales de la phraséodidactique, la phraséologie unilingue et multilingue. Afin de réussir l'analyse des expressions figées, nous avons dû introduire le concept d'équivalence et dire quelques mots sur les zoonymes en phraséologie. La deuxième partie du mémoire traite exclusivement de l'analyse d'expressions figées choisies en langue française et de leur recherche d'équivalents en italien et en croate. Chaque exemple devait contenir une composante animale, et leur analyse s'est faite à deux niveaux : sémantique et structurel. L'analyse est suivie d'une conclusion dans laquelle nous répondons à nos deux hypothèses de départ : les expressions françaises auront moins de différences que leurs équivalents italiens par rapport aux croates, et la plupart des expressions figées avec un zoonyme portent un sens à connotation négative.Ovaj diplomski rad bavi se kontrastivnom analizom komparativnih frazema sa životinjskom sastavnicom u francuskom, talijanskom i hrvatskom jeziku. U svrhu što bolje obrade podataka diplomski rad smo podijelili na dva glavna dijela. Prvi dio se odnosi na teoriju frazeologije. Opisali smo njenu povijest, statut te kompleksnu terminologiju. Bavili smo se frazeološkim jedinicama dajući njihovu definiciju, podjelu, karakteristike te izvore. Nadalje opisali smo glavne stavke frazeodidaktike, jednojezične i višejezične frazeologije. Kako bismo uspješno odradili analizu frazema morali smo predstaviti pojam ekvivalencije i reći pokoju riječ o životinjskim sastavnicama u frazeologiji. Drugi dio rada bavi se isključivo analizom odabranih frazema na francuskom jeziku i traženju njihovih ekvivalenata u talijanskom i hrvatskom. Svaki primjer morao je sadržavati
životinjsku sastavnicu, a njihova analiza vršila se na dvije razine: semantičkoj i strukturalnoj. Nakon analize slijedi zaključak u kojem odgovaramo na naše dvije polazišne hipoteze: francuski izrazi imat će manje odstupanja od talijanskih ekvivalenata u odnosu na hrvatske te većina frazema sa životinjskom sastavnicom nosi značenje s negativnom konotacijom.This master’s thesis deals with the contrastive analysis of comparative idioms with an animal component in French, Italian and Croatian language. In order to process the data as well as possible, we have divided the thesis into two main parts. The first part refers to the theory of phraseology. We have described its history, statute and complex terminology. We dealt with phraseological units, giving their definition, division, characteristics and sources. We further described the main ideas of phraseodidactics, monolingual and contrastive phraseology. In order to successfully analyze idioms, we had to introduce the concept of equivalence and say a few words about animal components in phraseology. The second part of the thesis deals exclusively with the analysis of selected idioms in the French language and the search for their equivalents in Italian and Croatian. Each example had to contain an animal component, and their analysis was done on two levels: semantic and structural. The analysis is followed by a conclusion in which we respond to our two starting hypotheses: French expressions will have fewer deviations from Italian equivalents compared to Croatian ones, and most idioms with an animal component carry a meaning with a negative connotation
Frazeološke jedinice u Titanicu Jamesa Camerona: klasifikacija i analiza
No full textThis master’s thesis focuses on PUs found in the script of James Cameron’s film Titanic, their classification and analysis. Their proper classification is based on that of Sabine Fielder which she proposes in English Phraseology: A Coursebook (2007), and their analysis is provided with the Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English and the Merriam-Webster Dictionary, on the basis of which a comparison between the definitions of the phraseological units has been made. The thesis therefore consists of two parts: the first is theoretical part providing relevant information on the topic of phraseology, phraseological units, and their categories, using primarily Fiedler’s English Phraseology: A Coursebook (2007) but also incorporating other significant authors and their work. The second part entails application of that theory in the classification of the extracted PUs, and it also shows how the mentioned dictionaries define those PUs. The comparison between the definitions is briefly noted after each category, and the similarities and differences in detail are shown in the section covering results of the research.Ovaj se diplomski rad bavi frazeološkim jedinicama u scenariju Titanica redatelja Jamesa Camerona, točnije njihovom klasifikacijom i analizom. Njihova se klasifikacija temelji na onoj koju predlaže Sabine Fiedler u English Phraseology: A Coursebook (2007), dok je njihova analiza prikazana pomoću dva rječnika: The Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English i Merriam-Webster Dictionary, na temelju koje su definicije frazeoloških jedinica ujedno i uspoređene. Ovaj se diplomski rad stoga sastoji od dva dijela: prvi je teorijski dio koji pruža bitne informacije na temu frazeologije, frazeoloških jedinica i njihovih kategorija, a temeljen je prvenstveno na knjizi Sabine Fielder: English Phraseology: A Coursebook (2007), ali također uključuje druge autore i njihove radove. Drugi dio podrazumijeva primjenu teorije na klasifikaciju frazeoloških jedinica te prikazuje kako su ih zadani rječnici definirali. Njihova je usporedba prikazana ukratko poslije svake kategorije, a detaljne su sličnosti i razlike pojašnjene u rezultatima istraživanja
Moving out of student housing as a result of problems and conflicts with roommates
No full textSukobi cimera uobičajena su pojava u zajedničkim životnim prostorima i mogu proizaći iz niza čimbenika, uključujući razlike u životnom stilu, stilovima komunikacije i osobnim navikama. Svrha ovog rada je istražiti životna iskustva studenata koji žive ili su živjeli sa cimerima u studentskim domovima ili studentskim stanovima, s posebnim naglaskom na sukobe i probleme koji se javljaju u zajedničkom kućanstvu. Korištena je kvalitativna metoda koja se sastoji od 8 polustrukturiranih intervjua kako bi se dobio dublji uvid u tematiku istraživanja. Rezultati ovog istraživanja najprije pokazuju da studenti nakon lošeg iskustva stanovanja s nepoznatom osobom radije biraju život s osobom koju već poznaju te s kojom dijele određene sličnosti i interese. Nadalje, do odluke o iseljenju najčešće dolazi zbog nakupljanja manjih problema sve dok jedan ne bude prijelomni. Osjećaj nezrelosti kod cimera mogu dovesti do nedostatka komunikacije gdje šutnja preuzima glavnu ulogu. Tada se problem ne može konkretno riješiti te jedini izlaz postaje selidba jednog od cimera. Gubitak osjećaja za privatnosti i nadzorom nad svojim privatnim prostorom može se pojačati kada cimer krene dovoditi nepoznate ljude odnosno svoje prijatelje ili partnere te njihova prisutnost drugome može zasmetati i stvoriti osjećaj nelagode. Na kraju, nakon iseljenja i mijenjanja cimera, studenti osjećaju znatno olakšanje te zaključuju da ih je takv problematično iskustvo naučilo da u buduće pažljivije biraju cimere.Roommate conflicts are common in shared living spaces and can stem from a number of factors, including differences in lifestyle, communication styles and personal habits. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the life experiences of students who live or have lived with roommates in student dormitories or student apartments, with special emphasis on conflicts and problems that arise in a shared household. A qualitative method consisting of 8 semi-structured interviews was used in order to gain a deeper insight into the research topic. The results of this research first show that after a bad experience of living with an unknown person, students prefer to live with a person they already know, with whom they share certain similarities and interests. Furthermore, the decision to move out most often occurs due to the accumulation of smaller problems until one becomes critical. A roommate's sense of immaturity can lead to a lack of communication, where silence takes the main role and the problem cannot be solved concretely, and the only way out becomes the moving of one of the roommates. The loss of a sense of privacy and control over one's private space can increase when the roommate starts bringing in unknown people, i.e. his friends or partners, and their presence can confuse others and create a feeling of discomfort. In the end, after moving out and changing roommates, students feel much relieved and conclude that such a problematic experience has taught them to choose roommates more carefully in the future
Dekonstrukcija američkog sna u "Momci s Madisona" : žene i ženino mjesto
No full textThis master’s thesis delves into the female experience in the television series Mad Men with a particular focus on the characters of Betty Draper and Peggy Olson. Their contrasting narratives provide a lens through which to view the evolving societal roles of women during the 1960s. This analysis examines societal conformity, patriarchial structures and traditional gender roles as the basis of the constructed reality of the American Dream. Using Betty Friedan's work in The Feminine Mystique, the character of Betty Draper is analysed. To her, the character of Peggy Olson is juxtaposed, as a symbol of the cultural shifts and the second wave of feminism. Using Žižek's notion of reality constructed on fantasy, the concept of the American Dream was examined as a fragile fabricated reality. Furthermore, using Lacan's framework for „big Other“, this thesis examined the perpetuation of the existing ideological structures through advertising. In this exploration, the study revealed how Betty's dissatisfaction with forced domesticity and infantilization encapsulates the collective female experience of 1960s America and it deconstructs the fantasy of traditional gender roles. Furthermore, Peggy Olson's character arc explores the changing societal expectations and deconstructs the fantasies of the American Dream. This paper reached the conclusion that Mad Men offers an examination of the collective American identity, as it explores the hyper-consumerist society, the commodification of happiness and the female experience in the era that shaped the American cultural landscape.Ovaj diplomski i rad bavi se ženskim iskustvom u televizijskoj seriji Momci s Madisona, s posebnim fokusom na likove Betty Draper i Peggy Olson. Njihovi kontrastni narativi pružaju leću kroz koju se može promatrati razvoj društvenih uloga žena tijekom 1960-ih. Ova analiza ispituje društveni konformizam, patrijarhalne strukture i tradicionalne rodne uloge kao osnovu konstruirane stvarnosti američkog sna. Koristeći rad Betty Friedan u Ženska mistika, analizira se lik Betty Draper. Njoj je suprotstavljen lik Peggy Olson, kao simbol kulturoloških pomaka i drugog vala feminizma. Koristeći Žižekov pojam stvarnosti konstruiran na fantaziji, koncept isražena je krha izmišljena stvarnost američkog sna. Nadalje, koristeći Lacanov okvir za „velikog Drugog“, ova je teza ispitivala promicanje postojećih ideoloških struktura kroz oglašavanje. Ovim radom pregledalo se Bettyno nezadovoljstvo, prisilno domesticiranje i infantilizacija i kako njezino iskustvo sažima kolektivno žensko iskustvo Amerike 1960-ih te dekonstruira fantaziju tradicionalnih rodnih uloga. Nadalje, u liku Peggy Olson simbolično su sažete promjene u društvenim očekivanjima i dekonstrukciji fantazije američkog sna. Ovaj rad je došao do zaključka da serija Momci s Madisona pruža pregled kolektivnog američkog identiteta, jer istražuje hiperkonzumerističko društvo, komodifikaciju sreće i žensko iskustvo u eri koja je oblikovala američki kulturološki pejzaž
Medieval and Modern period fortifications in the area of Knin
No full textSrednjovjekovne i novovjekovne utvrde na kninskom području poprilično su zapostavljena arheološka baština. Većina takvih nalazišta, nažalost, do danas nije arheološki istražena niti je na njima provedena obnova, a slična situacija evidentna je i na drugim dalmatinskim lokalitetima. Na kninskom području njihovo proučavanje započelo je krajem 19. stoljeća, a njihovo istraživanje dva stoljeća kasnije, točnije početkom 21. stoljeća. Navedeni prostor omeđen je planinskim lancima Velebita i Dinare s jedne te Kozjakom i Prominom s druge strane, a u najvećoj mjeri poklapa se s prostorom srednjovjekovne Kninske županije i do prije tridesetak godina pripadao je općini Knin, važnoj ustrojbenoj političkoteritorijalnoj jedinici. Središte mu je, u srednjem vijeku, činio grad Knin, koji je ujedno vršio i ulogu distrikta kao manje upravne jedinice. Osim spomenutog distrikta Knina, unutar Kninske županije nalazila su se još dva distrikta - Oprominje i Unašica. Najveći se broj utvrda tako nalazio u sastavu Kninske županije i njenih distrikata, a manji broj u sastavu susjedne županije, Bribirske (Trošenj, Zečevo). U razdoblju novog vijeka umjesto županija javljaju se kotari kao znatno manje ustrojbene jedinice. Devetnaest je srednjovjekovnih i novovjekovnih utvrda na kninskom prostoru (Bračić, Kamičak, Drniš, Ključica, Bogočin, Glavaš, Trošenj, Zečevo, Kapitul, Kninska tvrđava i podgrađe Kninske tvrđave, Kegelj, Nečven, Oton, Zvonigrad, Tukleč, Cudato, Matas, Petrovac, Vrbnik), od čega sedamnaest utvrda potječe iz srednjeg (Bogočin, Drniš, Cudato, Glavaš, Kamičak, Kapitul, Ključica, Kegelj, Kninska tvrđava, Nečven, Trošenj, Petrovac, Tukleč, Zečevo, Matas, Oton, Zvonigrad), a dvije su iz novog vijeka (Bračić, Vrbnik), dok ih dio ima kontinuitet iz srednjeg u novi vijek (Drniš, Ključica, Glavaš, Matas, Trošenj, Zečevo, Nečven, Petrovac, Tukleč, Zvonigrad). Njihov nastanak u srednjem vijeku vezan je uz pojavu plemstva, čije se bogatstvo mjerilo brojem posjeda. Na kninskom području se tijekom srednjeg i novog vijeka nalazilo više plemićkih obitelji: Svačići, Nelipići, Martinušići, Utješinovići Martinušići, Utješinović Mišljenovići, Bogatići, Šubići, Frankopani, Kurjakovići, Bojničići, Benkovići, Karlovići, Zrinski, Kegljevići i Talovci. Svi su oni bili u posjedu najmanje jedne utvrde, ovisno o razdoblju kad su imali najveći politički utjecaj. Na ovom području od ukupno devetnaest istraženo je tek šest utvrda u manjem (Kapitul, Ključica, Kninska tvrđava i njeno podgrađe, Nečven, Drniš) ili većem obujmu (Glavaš), a njih trinaest je samo rekognoscirano (Bračić, Kamičak, Bogočin, Trošenj, Zečevo, Kegelj, Oton, Zvonigrad, Tukleč, Cudato, Matas, Petrovac, Vrbnik). U ovom radu su po prvi puta napravljen arhitektonski planovi za njih petnaest (Bračić, Drniš, Ključica, Glavaš, Trošenj, Zečevo, Kapitul, Kninska tvrđava i podgrađe, Kegelj, Nečven, Oton, Zvonigrad, Tukleč, Cudato, Matas). S obzirom na namjenu, za dio utvrda možemo reći kako su to feudalne rezidencijalne utvrde (Ključica, Nečven, Trošenj, Glavaš), a također, isto se može reći i za one povezane uz obranu i kontrolu komunikacija (Bogočin, Kapitul, Petrovac, Zvonigrad, Kamičak, Kegelj, Matas, Drniš, Tukleč, Zečevo, Cudato, Bračić, Oton, tvrđava Vrbnik). Kninska tvrđava, odnosno Knin, izdvaja se kao posebna cjelina, odnosno utvrđeni grad, zbog dugog vremenskog kontinuiteta korištenja i političke uloge administrativnog središta, što je rezultiralo s više građevinskih faza tijekom srednjeg i novog vijeka. Provedena je i arhitektonska analiza nad dijelovima svih utvrda koji uključuju obrambene zidove, kule, različite kategorije stambenih prostorija (palas, jednostavnije stambene prostorije) i objekata specifičnih namjena (stražarnica, tamnica, cisterne) te javnih površina (dvorišta, trg). U novom vijeku javljaju se i složeniji oblici vojne arhitekture, poput bastionskog sustava na utvrdi Knin kod kojeg, uz više bastiona, nalazimo druge dijelove kao što su rondel, traversa i baterija. Srednjovjekovnim utvrdama nalazimo značajne usporedbe među dalmatinskim i istarskim nalazištima, kao i na tlu kontinentalnog dijela Hrvatske, dok za novovjekovno razdoblje najviše paralela nalazimo na tlu Italije. Navedene komparacije sa srodnim pojavama u bolje istraženim bližim i/ili daljim regijama pokazale su da utvrde na kninskom području nisu ni u čemu zaostajale za njima, osobito u graditeljskim dostignućima pojedinih epoha.Medieval and Modern period fortifications in the area of Knin are fairly neglected archaeological heritage. Unfortunately, most of such sites have neither been archaeologically excavated nor reconstructed up to now and similar situation is noticeable on other locations as well. In the area of Knin, the study of fortifications began at the end of the 19th century and their excavations two centuries later, namely at the beginning of the 21st century. The mentioned area is surrounded with the mountain chains of Velebit and Dinara on one side and Kozjak and Promina on the other side. In most part, it overlaps with with the medieval county of Knin which belonged to the municipality of Knin and was an important political and territorial unit. In the Middle Ages its centre was the town of Knin, which was at the same time a district – a minor territorial unit. Besides the already mentioned district of Knin, there were two other districts in the area of Knin – Opominje and Unašica. Most of the fortifications were within the county of Knin and its districts, while a few were within adjacent countie – the county of Bribir (Trošenj and Zečevo). In the Modern Period, far smaller territorial units appeared – kotar (kotar – a smaller district). In total, there are nineteen medieval and modern period fortifications in the area of Knin (Bračić, Kamičak, Drniš, Ključica, Bogočin, Glavaš, Trošenj, Zečevo, Kapitul, the fortress of Knin and the lower town of Knin, Kegelj, Nečven, Oton, Zvonigrad, Tukleč, Cudato, Matas, Petrovac, Vrbnik), seventeen of them originating from the Middle Ages (Kamičak, Drniš, Ključica, Bogočin, Glavaš, Trošenj, Zečevo, Kapitul, the fortress of Knin and the Lower Town of Knin, Kegelj, Nečven, Oton, Zvonigrad, Tukleč, Cudato, Matas, Petrovac) and two of them from the Modern Period (Bračić and Vrbnik), while some of them have the continuity from the Middle Ages into the Modern Period (Drniš, Ključica, Glavaš, Matas, Trošenj, Zečevo, Nečven, Petrovac, Tukleč, Zvonigrad). The appearance of fortifications in this area is closely related to the arising of nobility, whose wealth was measured by the amount of their possessions. In the Middle Ages and the Modern Period there were several noble families in the area of Knin (the families of Svačić, Nelipić, Martinušić, Utješinović Martinušić, Utješinović Mišljenović, Bogatić, Šubić, Frankopan, Kurjaković, Bojničić, Benković, Karlović, Zrinski, Kegljević and Talovac). Each one of them possessed at least one fortification, depending on the period of their strongest political influence. Among nineteen fortifications of this area, six of them have been excavated to a lesser extent (Kapitul, Ključica, the fortress of Knin with its lower town, Nečven and Drniš), one of them has been fully excavated (Glavaš) and on thirteen of them only the field survey has been conducted (Bračić, Kamičak, Bogočin, Trošenj, Zečevo, Kegelj, Oton, Zvonigrad, Tukleč, Cudato, Matas, Petrovac and Vrbnik). Regarding their purpose, we can state that one part of these fortifications were feudal residential forts (Ključica, Nečven, Trošenj, Glavaš) and there were also those connected to the defence and control of communications (Bogočin, Kapitul, Petrovac, Zvonigrad, Kamičak, Kegelj, Matas, Drniš, Tukleč, Zečevo, Cudato, Bračić, Oton, Vrbnik). The fortress of Knin, or Knin, stands out as a separate unit, i.e.the fortified town, due to its long-term continuity of use and its political role as the administrative centre which resulted in more phases of its construction during the Middle Ages and the Modern Period. An architectural analysis was also carried out on the parts of all fortifications, which include defensive defensive walls, towers, different categories of rooms (palas, simple living quarters), the objects of specific use (armory, dungeon, cisterns) and public spaces (courtyards, square). In the Modern Period, more complex types of military architecture appeared, like the bastion system of the fort Knin, where, along with several bastions, we find some other parts as well, like roundel, traverse and battery. There are many similarities between the medieval fortifications in Dalmatia and Istria as well as in the continental part of Croatia, while modern fortifications have more similarities with those found in Italy. The named comparisons with the similar ones in better developed nearer and further regions have shown that the the fortifications of the area of Knin weren´t behind them in anything, especially in the contruction achievements of certain epochs
Conception and Understanding of Giftedness in Secondary Vocational Education from the Perspective of Vocational Teachers
No full textDaroviti pojedinci tvore iznimno heterogenu skupinu čije se iznadprosječne sposobnosti trebaju poticati i njegovati kako bi se u potpunosti razvile, a mogu se manifestirati u bilo kojem razvojnom razdoblju, obliku, stupnju nadarenosti i području ljudske aktivnosti. Stoga je zadatak svake odgojno-obrazovne ustanove sustavno i kontinuirano prepoznavanje i identifikacija darovitosti te sadržajna i didaktičko-metodička prilagodba odgojno-obrazovnog rada potrebama, sposobnostima i interesima darovitih učenika. S obzirom da je ovaj rad vezan uz problematiku darovitosti i darovitog učenika u srednjoškolskom strukovnom obrazovanju, cilj istraživanja bio je temeljem mišljenja strukovnih nastavnika ispitati, analizirati i interpretirati poimanje darovitosti, darovitog učenika te njegovih osobina, vještina i sposobnosti koje nastavnici primijećuju kod učenika za koje vjeruju da su potencijalno daroviti. Također, cilj istraživanja bio je usmjeren i prema analizi načina i mogućnosti razvijanja darovitosti u sklopu strukovnih programa, odnosno prema nastavnikovim načinima prepoznavanja i identifikacije darovitih učenika te metodama prilagođavanja odgojno-obrazovnog rada. Naposljetku, istraživanjem se nastojala obuhvatiti i samoprocjena kompetentnosti strukovnih nastavnika za rad s darovitim učenicima. Rezultati istraživanja pokazali su kako strukovni nastavnici darovitost definiraju kao interakciju visokih općih ili specifičnih sposobnosti, unutarnje motivacije i kreativnosti, što se poklapa s Renzullijevom troprstenom definicijom darovitosti (1987), a karakteristike koje prepoznaju kod svojih potencijalno darovitih učenika poklapaju se s 'tipičnim' karakteristikama darovitih, primjerice kognitivna nadmoć, brzo i lako učenje i razumijevanje pojmova, sposobnost predodžbe složenih koncepata itd. Svi ispitanici u svojem radu prepoznaju potencijalno darovite učenike te, iako ti učenici nisu službeno identificirani kao daroviti, njima na različite načine prilagođavaju svoj odgojno-obrazovni rad te provode dodatne aktivnosti. Iako su nastavnici izrazili kako se ne smatraju dovoljno kompetentnima za rad s darovitim učenicima te kako im je potrebna dodatna edukacija, darovite učenike doživljavaju kao pozitivan izazov i vole raditi s njima.Gifted individuals form an extremely heterogeneous group whose above-average abilities need to be encouraged and nurtured in order to fully develop, and they can manifest in any developmental period, form, degree of giftedness, and field of human activity. Therefore, the task of every educational institution is the systematic and continuous recognition and identification of giftedness, followed by the content and didactic-methodical adaptation of educational work that suits the needs, abilities, and interests of gifted students. Given that this paper is related to the issue of giftedness and the gifted student in secondary vocational education, the goal of the research was to examine, analyze and interpret the concept of giftedness, the gifted student and his qualities, skills and abilities that teachers notice in students for whom they believe that are potentially gifted. Also, the aim of the research was directed towards the analysis of ways and possibilities of developing giftedness within vocational programs, i.e. towards vocational teachers' ways of recognizing and identifying gifted students and methods of adapting educational work. Finally, the research contains the vocational teachers' self-assessment of competencies for working with gifted students. The results of the research showed that vocational teachers define giftedness as an interaction of high general or specific abilities, internal motivation, and creativity, which coincides with Renzulli's three-ring definition of giftedness (1987), and the characteristics they recognize in their potentially gifted students coincide with "typical" characteristics of gifted, for example, cognitive superiority, quick and easy learning and understanding of concepts, the ability to imagine complex concepts, etc. All respondents recognize potentially gifted students in their work and, although these students are not officially identified as gifted, they adapt their educational work to them in different ways and carry out additional activities. Although the teachers expressed that they do not consider themselves competent enough to work with gifted students and that they need additional education, they perceive gifted students as a positive challenge and like to work with them
Publishing business in times of crises: Croatian publishing from 1990 do 2020.
No full textNakladništvo od svojih početaka zanimljivo je područje djelovanja zbog svoje dvojake funkcije: kulturne i gospodarske. Kako je društvo napredovalo, kroz različite tehnološke promjene i informacijsko – komunikacijske tehnologije, tako je napredovalo i nakladništvo usvajajući suvremene trendove u svoje poslovanje. No, obzirom da je nakladništvo i gospodarska djelatnost, njihovo poslovanje obilježeno je i kriznim razdobljima. Doktorska disertacija donosi pregled literature stranih i domaćih recentnih autora iz područja nakladništva vezanih uz problematiku kriznih razdoblja nakladništva, s naglaskom na hrvatsko nakladništvo i tri promatrane krize. Krize koje doktorska disertacija istražuje i analizira jesu disrupcija u nakladništvu 1990.-ih godina, ekonomska kriza 2008. godine te kriza uzrokovana pandemijom COVID-19 virusa. U istraživačkom dijelu radnje, koje je podijeljeno u nekoliko faza istraživanja, promatrano je i analizirano financijsko poslovanje hrvatskih nakladnika u promatranim krizama. Popis hrvatskih nakladnika preuzet je s mrežnih stranica Zajednice nakladnika i knjižara 2021. godine te je uključivao 108 hrvatskih nakladnika i knjižara. Financijsko poslovanje nakladnika i knjižara praćeno je putem Državnog zavoda za statistiku, Digitalne platforme pri Hrvatskoj gospodarskoj komori te putem platforme Info.BIZ koja posluje u okviru Financijske agencije. Kako bi analiza kriznih razdoblja bila detaljnija, analizirana su i Izvješća o obavljenoj reviziji pretvorbe i privatizacije koja su direktno bila povezana s nakladničkim sektorom. Daljnja analiza vezana je uz praćenje Internet portala koji prate promjene u nakladništvu na svjetskoj razini, pa je tako praćenje uključilo cijelu 2020. godinu dok je pandemija uzrokovana COVID19 virusom bila u punom jeku. Nadalje, u istraživačkom radu je korištena i kvalitativna istraživačka metoda polustrukturiranog intervjua. Polustrukturiranim intervjuom obuhvaćeno je 11 ispitanika koji su u hrvatskom nakladničkom sektoru prisutni već dugi niz godina. Podaci prikupljeni istraživanjem potvrdili su utjecaj kriznih razdoblja na ne samo poslovanje, nego i na formiranje hrvatskog nakladničkog sektora. Formiranje nakladničkog sektora obilježilo je i još nekoliko kriznih situacija koje su sami ispitanici istaknuli kao ključne probleme. Korisnost i primjenjivost istraživanja vidljiva je utoliko što je ova doktorska disertacija jedina koja je obuhvatila razdoblje od 1990. do 2020. godine s fokusom na hrvatsko nakladništvo i njihovo poslovanje unutar kriznih razdoblja. Nadalje, doktorska disertacija donosi zaključke o stanju hrvatskog nakladničkog tržišta kao i ključne točke problematike s kojima se danas nosi nakladništvo u Republici Hrvatskoj. Ključni problemi mogu biti smjernica budućim istraživanjima, ali i nakladnicima i znanstvenicima koji žele raditi na promjenama koje su nužne hrvatskom nakladništvu.From its early days, the publishing business was very interesting to study because it had two functions: cultural and economic. As our society made great progress, through different technological changes and information-communication technologies, publishing itself made its progress adopting contemporary trends into their business. Considering that the publishing business is an economical activity, its business activity was also marked with times of crises. This doctoral dissertation presents a review of literature from foreign and domestic authors from the publishing field in correlation with problems during the times of crises. The focus is on Croatian publishing and three observed crises. The following research focuses on the following crises that are analyzed in depth: disruption in publishing during the 1990s, the economic crisis in 2008 and the crisis caused by COVID-19 virus pandemic. The research part of the doctoral dissertation was divided into a few phases. Each phase was observed and analyzed with financial indicators that are related with the publishing activity of Croatian publishers during the observed crises. The list of Croatian publishers was downloaded from the website of Croatian community of publishers and booksellers in 2021. The list consists of 108 Croatian publishers and booksellers. The business activity of publishers and booksellers was observed through the Croatian Bureau of Statistics, Digital Platform that analyzes data for Croatian Chamber of Economy and through a platform called Info.Biz that is property of the Financial Agency. For the purpose of a more detailed analysis, this doctoral dissertation also included reports about revisions related to conversion and privatization directly connected with the publishing sector. Additionally, analysis included tracking online blogs and portals that mainly track changes in the publishing sector. The analysis also focused on 2020, when the COVID-19 pandemic was in full swing. In the research part of the dissertation, qualitative research methods of restructured interviews were used. 11 respondents, who were part of the Croatian publishing sector for a very long time, took part in the interview. The data collected by this research showed that the global crisis influenced the Croatian publishing sector, but also that the first crisis in the Republic of Croatia was not caused by the global crisis, but rather the result of state legal changes that were happening at the time. Bad transitions and changes in business subjects by conversion and privatization made the Croatian publishing sector unstable. The unstable publishing sector left consequences that are still felt today. The already weak publishing sector was additionally weakened by the economic crisis and the smaller Croatian crisis in the publishing sector. The Croatian publishing sector had many falls and negative trends in every crisis, especially when it came to small publishing houses and independent bookstores. The pandemic caused by the COVID-19 virus made business for Croatian publishers even harder, especially on a global level. On a global level, the pandemic caused many disorders in correlation with distribution and supply chains. Consequently, that caused a price increase (paper and printing). The usage and applicability of this research are that this is the first doctoral dissertation that analyzes the period from 1990 until 2020 with a focus on the Croatian publishing sector and its business activity during times of crisis. The doctoral dissertation brings conclusions about the Croatian publishing sector and key points highlighting the main problems in the sector. Key points can be used as guidelines for future research, and also for publishers and scientists who are willing to work on changes that are necessary for the Croatian publishing sector
The role of gender in the asexual identity
No full textRod predstavlja jedan od temeljnih aspekata pojedinčevog identitete. Preko seksualnih skripti te društvenih očekivanja i normi rod je neraskidivo povezan sa seksualnosti, igrajući glavnu ulogu u privlačenju seksualnih partnera te bivajući sam pod značajnim učinkom seksualnih stereotipa. Cilj ovog istraživanja je ispitati ulogu koju rod igra unutar aseksualnog identiteta, pri tome se fokusirajući na objašnjavanje rodnih udjela unutar aseksualne zajednice u kojima većinu čine žene te izvanbinarni pojedinci, s muškarcima u manjini. Istraživanje je bilo kvalitativnog tipa, provedeno putem online upitnika na engleskom jeziku. Upitnik se sastojao od devet demografskih pitanja te devet pitanja otvorenog tipa konstruiranih na temelju dosadašnjih istraživanja. Obrađivani su podaci 503 sudionika regrutiranih s društvenih stranica sa značajnom aseksualnom populacijom. 45% sudionika su činile žene, 44% izvanbinarne osobe, 8% muškarci a 3% osobe koje su u trenutku ispitivanja preispitivale svoj rod. Rezultati su bili analizirani služeći se metodom tematske analize prema primjeru Braun i Clarke (2006). Dobiveni podaci otkrivaju da aseksualni pojedinci primjećuju snažnu povezanost između koncepata seksualnosti i roda pri čemu se seksualnost vidi kao nešto što pojačava definiranost roda te mu daje značenje. Aseksualni sudionici mogu doživljavati osjećaj udaljenosti te ne povezanosti sa svojim rodnim identitetom, videći ga kao nevažnog jer se ne 'koristi'. Aseksualnost je poticala razmatranje vlastitog rodnog identiteta, te je služila kao pristup LGBT+ zajednici te resursima i identitetima kojima pojedinac prije ne bi imao pristup. Različite rodne grupe imale su različita iskustva s aseksualnošću. Ženske sudionice osjećale su pritisak snažne seksualizacije njihovog rodnog identiteta te indirektne pritiske očekivanja djece, braka te modernih feminističkih standarda. Muški sudionici suočavali su se sa snažnom povezanošću svog roda i seksualnosti, radi čega je muška aseksualnost društveno odbačena kao nemoguća. Izvanbinarni sudionici su se borili s očekivanjima seksualnosti izvanbinarnih identiteta, no manjak društvenog znanja oslobodio je njihovu aseksualnu orijentaciju seksualnih normi i stereotipa. Unatoč razlikama među iskustvima različitih rodnih grupa, kod sudionika prevladava osjećaj da društvo ne prihvaća aseksualnost kod nikoga, te da se tek specifični problemi koji su produkt društvenog odbacivanja rodno razlikuju.Gender represents one of fundamental aspects of an individual’s identity. Through sexual scripts and societal expectations and norms, gender is inextricably tied with sexuality, playing a major role in attracting sexual partners and being under the significant effect of sexual stereotypes. The goal of this research is to examine the role gender plays within the asexual identity, primarily focusing on explaining the gender divisions within the asexual community in which women and non-binary individuals are in majority, with men in the minority. The research was of the qualitative type, conducted through an online questioner in English. The questioner consisted of nine demographic questions and nine open-ended questions constructed on the basis of previous research. The data of 503 participants, recruited from social media sites with a significant asexual population, was processed. 45% of the participants were women, 44% non-binary people, 8% men and 3% people were questioning their gender at the time of the survey. The results were analyzed using the method of thematic analysis according to the example of Braun and Clarke (2006). The obtained data reveal that asexual individuals notice a strong connection between the concepts of sexuality and gender, whereby sexuality is seen as something that strengthens the definition of gender and gives it meaning. Asexual respondents may experience a sense of distance and lack of connection with their gender identity, seeing it as unimportant because it’s not 'used'. Asexuality encouraged consideration of one's own gender identity, and served as access to the LGBT+ community and to resources and identities that an individual would not have had access to before. Different gender groups have different experiences with asexuality. Women are under the pressure of strong sexualization of their gender identity and indirect pressures like expectations of children, marriage and modern feminist standards. Male participants faced a strong connection between their gender and sexuality, due to which male asexuality was socially rejected as impossible. Non-binary participants struggled with the expectations of sexuality of non-binary identities, but a lack of social knowledge freed their asexual orientation from sexual norms and stereotypes. Despite the differences between the experiences of different gender groups, the prevailing feeling among the participants is that society does not accept asexuality in anyone, and that only specific problems, that are the product of social rejection, differ by gender