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Major fitonematodes and way of their suppression
No full textNematode su sitne životinje okruglastog, ovalnog ili končastog oblika, bjelkaste ili žučkaste boje. Naseljavaju sve životne sredine i smatra se da su nakon insekata najbrojnija grupa životinja (oko 800000 vrsta). Ovisno o načinu ishrane postoje fitonematode, zoonematode i saprofagne nematode.
Fitonematode se hrane sisanjem biljnih sokova i oštećuju podzemne i nadzemne dijelove biljaka. S obzirom na to da ima veliki broj porodica, nematode su zbog preglednosti podijeljene su na: korijenove nematode, stabljikine nematode i nematode lista i pupoljaka.
Suzbijanja fitoparazitnih nematoda dijeli se u pet grupa: agrotehničke, kemijske, fizikalne, karantenske i biološke mjere suzbijanja. No, međutim nijedna od ovih navedenih mjera nema mogućnost potpuno uništiti ili iskorijeniti nematode. Cilj završnog rada bio je prikazati najvažnije fitonematode i načine njihovog suzbijanja.Nematodes are tiny animals rounded, oval or thready from, whitish or or yellowish color. They inhabit all of the environment and have been considered to be after insects, biggest group of animals (about 800.000 species). According to the way they are feeding themselves there are fitonematode, zoonematode and saprophagous nematodes.
Fitonematode are feeding themselves by sucking plant juices and damaging the undergroung and above-ground parts of plants. Since there is large number of families, nematodes are due transparency divided into: roots nematodes, stem nematodes and nematodes and leaf buds.
Suppression of the fitoparasitic nematodesis is divided into five groups: agro, chemical, physical and biological quarantine control measures. But, however none of these above measures has the ability to totally destroy or eradicate nematodes. The main goal of the presentation was to show the most important fitonematodes and ways of their controling
Development and humanitarian aid
No full textEuropska unija vodeći je svjetski donator humanitarne i razvojne pomoći. Zajedno sa svojim državama članicama osigurava većinski udio svjetskih financijskih sredstava za pomoć u hitnim i kriznim situacijama. Europska unija predano pomaže žrtvama prirodnih katastrofa i katastrofa uzrokovanih ljudskim djelovanjem širom svijeta. Humanitarnu pomoć Europska unija pruža od 1992. godine u više od 140 zemalja širom svijeta. Europska unija pomaže u podizanju razine svijesti u pogledu zaboravljenih kriza, koje su često dugotrajne i nisu više meta medijske pozornosti i pozornosti međunarodne zajednice.The European Union is a leading donor of humanitarian and development assistance. Together with its Member States the Union provides a major part of the world's financial resources for assistance inemergency and crisissituations . The European Union iscommitted to helping victims of natural disasters and the disasters causedby human activity around the world . The European Union provides the humanitarian aid since 1992 in more than 140 countries world wide. The European Union is helping to raise the level of awareness regarding the " forgotten crises ", which are often long-term and not more the target of media attention or the attention of the international community
Leaders of 21st century in entrepreneurship
No full textU radu je analiziran jedan od najvažnijih aspekata menadžmenta: lidership. Ono je jedna od pet funkcija menadžmenta koja se prvenstveno odnosi na ljude i socijalne interakcije. Ukoliko kompanije nemaju dobro vodstvo i sposobne vođe, vrlo je vjerojatno da neće opstati na tržištu.
Opće je poznato da je lidership jedna od najviše istraživanih disciplina menadžmenta, stoga ne čudi da je prisutno puno teorija različitih teoretičara, iako većina definicija ima neke zajedničke elemente. Provedenim istraživanjem trebalo je analizirati na kojim osobinama se temelje rezultati dobrog lidera, definirati razlike između menadžmenta i lidershipa te pojasniti poslove i elemente vodstva.
Rezultatima istraživanja može se zaključiti da se ne radi o stanju, nego procesu koji se odvija između vođe i njegovih sljedbenika, odnosno grupe na koju on ima utjecaj. Rad lidera trebao bi biti usmjeren na aspekte koji se odnose na biti, prije negoli na aspekte koji se odnose na činiti.This paper analyzes one of the most important aspects of management: leadership. It is one of the five functions of management, which primarily relates to people and social interaction. If companies do not have good leadership and capable leaders, it is very likely that they will not survive in the market.
It is widely known that leadership is one of the most studied disciplines of management so it is no wonder that there are a lot of theories of different theorists, although most definitions have some common elements. This research should analyze the characteristics of which are based the results of a good leader, define the differences between management and leadership and explain the activities and elements of leadership.
The results of the research can be concluded that this is not a condition, but the process that takes place between the leader and his followers, or the group to which he has influence. The work of leaders should be focused on aspects related to be, rather than on aspects relating to do
Consumer behaviour on the new products market
No full textU ovom radu sva se pažnja usmjerila na potrošače kao i na njihovo ponašanje. Kako bi se uopće došlo do potrošača mora postojati nekakav proizvod ili usluga koja bi zadovoljila njihove potrebe. Današnje tržište proizvoda u stalnom je porastu, čime se povećava i konkurentnost između poduzeća. Nisu svi potrošači jednaki i postoje mnogi čimbenici koji ukazuju na to. Na ponašanja prilikom kupovine mogu utjecati psihološki, osobni, kulturni i društveni čimbenici. Kako bi došlo do procesa kupnje proizvoda potrošač mora uočiti potrebu za određenim proizvodom. Potom mora istražiti sve proizvode koji su karakteristikama isti ili slični te odabrati onaj za koji smatra da je najbolji. Nakon što je proizvod kupljen potrošač vrednuje proizvod te odlučuje da li će ostati vjeran njemu ili će prijeći na neki konkurentski proizvod. Na poduzeću je da stalno istražuje i prikuplja komentare od potrošača koji su vezani za proizvod, jer se samo tako može opstati na tržištu. Pozitivan ili negativan komentar na proizvod poduzeću znači mnogo jer ukoliko je povratna informacija pozitivna poduzeće čiji je proizvod moći će se širiti na nova tržišta i privlačiti nove kupce, no ukoliko je povratna informacija negativna na poduzeću je da otkloni nedostatke kako potrošači ne bi otišli kod konkurencije.The whole paper focuses on consumers and their behaviour. In order to get to consumers, there must be a certain product or service that will satisfy their needs. Today's product market is in constant rise, which also increases competition between companies. There are many factors that show that there is a certain difference between consumers. Factors that are able to have an influence during purchase can be psychological, personal, cultural and social. In order to get to the process of purchasing a product, a consumer has to notice the need for a certain product, investigate all the products that have similar or the same characteristics and decide which one is the best. After the product has been bought, the consumer evaluates the product and decides whether they will stay loyal to it or go for the product that comes from the competitor. A company has to constantly investigate and collect comments that come from consumers that are related to its product because it is the only way to survive on the market. Whether it is positive or negative, each comment means a lot for a certain company, because a positive comment will allow the company to expand to new markets along with attracting new consumers. In case the company receives a negative information, its duty is to remove all the disadvantages in order to prevent their consumers from choosing the competitor
Comparison of yield in potato (Solanum tiberosum L.) grown method of soil and without soil
No full textCilj rada je usporedba prinosa krumpira uzgojenog metodom u tlu i bez tla. Krumpir je vrlo zastupljena kultura, četvrta iza pšenice, kukuruza i riže. Za potrebe rada postavljen je pokus s uzgojem krumpira na konvencionalni i nekonvencionalni način. Konvencionalni način je više zastupljen jer je jednostavniji, a podrazumijeva duboku jesensku obradu tla, sadnju u tlu, kultivaciju, ogrtanje, njegu i zaštitu nasada. Nekonvencionalni način proizvodnje podrazumijeva sadnju krumpira bez obrade tla. Sadnja se obavlja na neobrađeno, ili tek malo obrađeno tlo. Nakon sadnje dodaje se malč u nekoliko slojeva koji je potrebno više puta zalijevati. Rezultati provedenog pokusa pokazali su da je značajno veći prinos bio metodom uzgoja ispod slame odnosno bez tla nego metodom u tlu.The paper aim was to compare the potato yield grown by two methods in soil and without soil. The world potato production is at the fourth place, after wheat, corn and rice. For the trial purposes there was set up experiment with growing potatoes on conventional and unconventional way. The conventional method is more present, because it is simpler and involves deep autumn tillage, planting in soil, cultivation, wrapping up, care and protection of the plantation. The unconventional method of production involves planting potatoes without soil tillage Planting has to be done on uncultivated, or only slightly processed soil. After planting, mulch is added in several layers and watered more time. The experiments results showed that the significantly higher yield was getting by under straw method or without soil than with the method in the soil
Japanese philosophy of quality
No full textRana jutarnja buđenja, zeleni okoliš, zdravi čajevi i želja za napretkom usporedno snage konja, bila je ljubav na prvi pogled prema Japanu. Može se reći sitno, ali dinamitno. Japan je nažalost, ili na sreću dinamitan u oba slučaja. Možda danas i ne bi bio toliko uspješan i zaslužan za život mnogih poduzeća, da nije bio bombardiran.
Odmah poslije drugog svjetskog rata, veliki Američki mislioci Deming i Juran odlaze u Japan naučiti ih nešto o kvaliteti. Japan brzo uči i još se brže prilagođava osnivajući svoje metode kvalitete, koje su danas raširene i korištene diljem svijeta. Japanski gurui podižu japansku svijet o kvaliteti do te razine, da skupa s Demingom i Juranom, čine Ameriku vrlo ljubomornom, čak i ljutitom. Nakon što se Amerika ohladila, i shvatila važnost kvalitete, ta se svijest širi diljem svijeta i svako poduzeće nastoji u svoj koncept uvesti kvalitetu kao najbolju obranu. Kvaliteta postaje internacionalni jezik biznisa, rekao je Armand Feigenbaum.Early morning awakening, green environment, healthy teas and desire for progress parallel power horse, it was love at first sight for Japan. Tiny, but dynamite. Japan is, unfortunately, or fortunately dynamite in both cases. Maybe today would not be so successful and responsible for the lives of many enterprises that had not been bombed. Immediately after World War II, the great American thinkers Deming and Juran go to Japan to teach them something about the quality of. Japan learns quickly and more quickly adapt their methods of establishing quality, which are now widespread and used around the world. Japanese gurus raise Japan's world of quality to the extent that together with Deming and Juran, make America very jealous, even angry. After America cooled, and understand the importance of quality, this awareness spreads around the world and every company is trying to impose its concept of quality as the best defense. Quality is becoming the international language of business, said Armand Feigenbaum
Women and career
No full textU radu je analiziran položaj žena u poslovnom svijetu. Istraživanja su pokazala kako je tradicija glavni krivac i prepreka u napredovanju žena do najviših pozicija. Zbog tradicionalne orijentacije razvile su se brojne diskriminacije koje su i dan danas prisutne u brojnim organizacijama.
Objašnjena je važnost uloge žena u poslovnom svijetu, njihov položaj u Hrvatskoj kao i u ostatku svijeta i prednosti koje one posjeduju po kojima se razlikuju od svojih muških kolega. Postavlja se pitanje hoće li oba spola prestati pratiti tradiciju, odnosno hoće li i žene i muškarci biti uključeni u sve vrste poslova i tako napredovati u razvijanju društva.This paper analyzes the status of women in the business world. Research has shown that tradition is the main culprit and obstacle to the advancement of women to the highest positions. Due to the traditional orientation have developed numerous discrimination that are still present in many organizations.
It has been explained the importance of the role of women in the business world, their position in Croatia as well as in the rest of the world and the advantages that they have which distinguish them from their male colleagues. The question is whether both gender will stop following tradition, or will both women and men be involved in all kinds of jobs and make further progress in the development of society
Food safety from the standpoint of pesticide residues
No full textPesticidi su tvari kojima se sprječavaju, uništavaju ili suzbijaju štetni organizmi. Najbrojnija skupina pesticida su kemijske i biološke tvari koje se primjenjuju u biljnoj zaštiti pod nazivom sredstva za zaštitu bilja. Ona se sastoje od aktivnih tvari koje djeluju na štetne organizme i dodatnih tvari. Aktivne tvari podliježu procesima razgradnje i transformacije i njihovi ostatci mogu se nalaziti u biljnim i životinjskim proizvodima, vodi i tlu. Zbog zaštite zdravlja potrošača svake godine provodi se monitoring ostataka pesticida u namirnicama biljnog podrijetla (hrani).Pesticides are substances that prevent, destroy or control harmful organisms. The largest group of pesticides are chemical and biological substances used in plant protection. They concist of active substances which act on harmful organisms and additives. The active substances are subject to processes of degradation and transformation and their remains may be located in plant and animal products, water and soil. To protect the healt of consumers each year carried out monitoring of pesticides residues in foods of plant origin
Non-destructive testing of plain bearings on steam turbine
No full textU pojedinim proizvodnim postrojenjima tvornice mineralnih gnojiva Petrokemija d.d. Kutina instalirane su industrijske parne turbine, kod kojih se za oslanjanje i statičko i dinamičko nošenja vratila rotora turbine koriste klizni ležajevi. Klizne ležajeve, kao vitalne dijelove parnih turbina, potrebno je periodički kontrolirati i po potrebi mijenjati rezervnim. Neispravan klizni ležaj dovodi do neplanskog zastoja u radu parne turbine. U nekim slučajevima neispravan ležaj može dovesti do havarijskih oštećenja u protočnom dijelu turbine. Zastoj parne turbine, koja je uglavnom vitalni stroj u proizvodnom procesu, dovodi do zastoja rada cijelog postrojenja, čime nastaju veliki gubici proizvodnje. Iz navedenih razloga, potrebno je periodički, u planskim zastojima provoditi kontrole kliznih ležajeva parne turbine. U radu je dan teoretski opis kontrola bez razaranja i njihova praktična primjena u kontroli kliznih ležajeva. Također, pokazana je analiza i evaluacija rezultata provedenih kontrola sukladno važećim međunarodnim normama.Industrial steam turbines are installed in some manufacturing facilities of the fertilizer company Petrokemija d.d. Kutina, in which the suspension and static and dynamic carrying of the turbine rotor shaft uses plain bearings. Plain bearings, as vital parts of steam turbines, need to be periodically monitored and if necessary, replaced with spare ones. Defective plain bearing leads to unplanned downtime of a steam turbine. In some cases, a faulty bearing can lead to a breakdown of the internal turbine parts. Downtime of a steam turbine, which is usually a vital machine in the production process, leads to a stop in the operation of the entire plant, which generates huge production losses. For these reasons, it is necessary to periodically, in planned downtimes, perform examination of the plain bearings of steam turbines. This work presents a theoretical description of Non-Destructive testing and its practical application in examination of the plain bearings. Also, shown is the analysis and evaluation of the results of checks carried out in accordance with applicable international standards
Construction differences between PSK seed drill and mechanical seed drill from company OLT
No full textU ovom radu su obrađene sijačice, točnije usporedba pneumatske PSK sijačice i mehaničke MSK sijačice tvrtke OLT. Također su obrađeni dijelovi tih sijačica (spremnik, sijači aparat, provodne cijevi, ulagači sjemena, pritiskujući kotači, …). Cilj sijačice je da se sjeme što preciznije položi u tlo kako bi se zadovoljio sklop biljaka po jedinici površine. Isto tako dubina sjetve mora biti odgovarajuća vrsti sjemena. Sijače ploče omogućuju univerzalnost sijačica, te se one mogu koristiti za sjetvu mnogih kultura. Pneumatska sijačica ima niz prednosti nad starijom mehaničkom sijačicom i uvelike pridonosi kvaliteti sjetve.This is study about sowing machines, particulary comparison between pneumatic sowing machines PSK and MSK mechanical seeder from OLT company. These machines have similar parts (seed box, sowing machine, conductive tubes, planter, pressing wheels, ...). The aim of sowing machines is that the seed as precisely placed in the ground in order to satisfy a set of plants per unit area. Also seeding depth should be adequate type of seeds we sow. Seed plates contributes to the universality of seeders, and they can be used for planting many crops. Pneumatic seeder has a number of advantages over the older mechanical seed drill and greatly contributes to the quality of sowing