Repository of Faculty of Geotechnical Engineering
Not a member yet
    662 research outputs found

    Determination of nitrogen compounds in water for human consumption originating from individual water supply

    No full text
    Kvaliteta vode za piće ključna je za javno zdravlje, a dušikovi spojevi, poput amonijaka, nitrita i nitrata, mogu predstavljati značajan rizik po ljudsko zdravlje, ukoliko su prisutni u povišenim koncentracijama. Istraživanje je provedeno na uzorcima vode iz različitih individualnih vodoopskrbnih sustava kako bi se utvrdila koncentracija dušikovih spojeva te identificirali potencijalni izvori onečišćenja. Uzorkovanje je provedeno na 54 lokacije na području Varaždinske županije u periodu od travnja 2023. do ožujka 2024. godine. Uzorci su analizirani pomoću ionskog kromatografa te spektrofotometra. Dobiveni rezultati pokazuju varijabilnost u koncentracijama dušikovih spojeva ovisno o geografskim i sezonskim čimbenicima. Koncentracije nitrita i amonijaka većinom su ispod maksimalne dozvoljene količine, dok koncentracije nitrata variraju ovisno o vremenu uzorkovanja. Najviša izmjerena koncentracija nitrata iznosila je 112,3 mg/L dok je najniža iznosila manje od 0,10 mg/L što je ispod maksimalne dozvoljene koncentracije. Dobiveni podaci pružaju vrijedne informacije o trenutnom stanju kvalitete vode za piće iz individualnih vodoopskrbnih sustava i naglašavaju potrebu za kontinuiranim praćenjem i istraživanjem kako bi se osigurala sigurnost i zdravlje korisnika.Drinking water quality is crucial for public health, and nitrogen compounds such as ammonia, nitrite, and nitrate can pose significant risks to human health if present in elevated concentrations. Research was conducted on water samples from various individual water supply systems to determine the concentration of nitrogen compounds and to identify potential sources of contamination. Sampling was carried out at 54 locations in the Varaždin County from April 2023 to March 2024. The samples were analyzed using ion chromatography and spectrophotometry. The results show variability in nitrogen compound concentrations depending on geographical and seasonal factors. Nitrite and ammonia concentrations were mostly below the maximum allowable limits, while nitrate concentrations varied depending on sampling time. The highest measured nitrate concentration was 112.3 mg/L, while the lowest was less than 0.10 mg/L, which is below the maximum allowable concentration. The obtained data provide valuable information on the current state of drinking water quality from individual water supply systems and highlight the need for continuous monitoring and research to ensure the safety and health of user

    The recovery potential of waste sheep wool

    No full text
    U Republici Hrvatskoj godišnje nastaje oko 1000 t otpadne vune nakon striže ovaca koja se ovisno o pasmini, obavlja jednom ili dvaput godišnje. Otpadna vuna najčešće se nepropisno zbrinjava ili odlaže u okoliš pri čemu dolazi do onečišćenja zraka, vode i tla. Poradi navedenog, u ovom radu je ispitan potencijal oporabe otpadne vune kao prirodnog adsorbensa za onečišćenja plavim dizelom u rijekama i morima za dvije pasmine ovaca. Rezultati ispitivanja adsorpcijskog kapaciteta ovčje vune za plavi dizel pokazali su da 1 g otpadne ovčje vune apsorbira u prosjeku 5 g plavog dizela, stoga ovčja vuna predstavlja važan prirodan adsorbens za učinkovitu i pravovremenu sanaciju onečišćenja vodenog okoliša uzrokovanog izlijevanjem nafte. Iako prema hijerarhiji gospodarenja otpadom energetska oporaba zauzima predzadnje mjesto u redu prvenstva, rezultati ispitivanja kvalitete otpadne ovčje vune nakon adsorpcije plavog dizela prema normi za kruta oporabljena goriva HR EN ISO 21640:2021 pokazuju da otpadna ovčja vuna nakon adsorpcije onečišćenja u vodenom okolišu može biti visoko vrijedan zamjenski energent. Energetskom oporabom otpada u cementnoj industriji ne dolazi do opterećenja sastavnica okoliša budući je to tehnološki proces bez ostatka - sav pepeo nakon energetske oporabe ugrađuje se u klinker. Također, ne dolazi do nekontroliranih emisija u zrak s obzirom da cementna industrija ima instaliranu tehnologiju koja iste održava u propisanim zakonskim okvirima.In Croatia, around 1000 tons of waste wool are produced annually from sheep shearing, typically done once or twice a year depending on the breed. This waste wool is often improperly disposed of, leading to environmental pollution of air, water, and soil. This study explores the potential of using waste wool as a natural adsorbent for blue diesel pollution in rivers and seas, focusing on two sheep breeds. The results of this research show that 1 gram of waste wool can adsorb an average of 5 grams of diesel, which indicates its effectiveness as a natural adsorbent for mitigating oil spill pollution in aquatic environments. Although energy recovery is ranked low in the waste management hierarchy, quality tests of waste wool post-adsorption of blue diesel, as per the HR EN ISO 21640:2021 standard for solid recovered fuels, show that such wool can be a highly valuable alternative fuel. Energy recovery in the cement industry is environmentally friendly since the process is residue-free and all ash is incorporated into a clinker. Additionally, advanced technology which is applied in the cement industry ensures that emissions remain within legal limits, which prevents uncontrolled air pollution. Thus, waste wool not only aids in pollution control, but also offers a sustainable option for energy recovery

    The analysis of energy consumption indicators for heating in family houses in continental Croatia

    No full text
    Najviše energije u hrvatskim kućanstvima troši se na grijanje prostora i pripremu potrošne tople vode (PTV). Ove potrebe čine preko 80% ukupne potrošnje energije u višestambenim zgradama i kućama u Republici Hrvatskoj. Mnoge višestambene zgrade spadaju u niske energetske razrede. Sukladno trendovima zemljama Europske unije, čije su direktive usmjerene prema visokoučinkovitoj upotrebi energije za grijanje, identificirana je potreba za je energetskom obnovom promatranih kućanstava. Europske direktive, ali i nacionalne strategije i programi Vlade Republike Hrvatske potiču obnovu energetski neučinkovitih stambenih prostora s ciljem dostizanja razine energetske učinkovitosti drugih EU članica . Ovaj rad obuhvaća detaljnu analizu stanja sustava grijanja višestambenih zgrada i kućanstava, analizirajući potrošnju energije korištene za grijanje i PTV. U okviru diplomskog rada, predstavljena je metodologija, koja opisuje relevantne komponente korištene u istraživanju te način prikupljanja i obrade istih. Uz navedeno, predstavljeni su indikatori koji jasno prikazuju potrošnju energenata u kućanstvima, uz što su analizirane emisije CO2 i primarne energije povezane s potrošnjom energenata. Glavni rezultati istraživanja obuhvaćaju prosječnu potrošnju energenata korištenih za dobivanje toplinske energije te emisije CO2 u promatranim stambenim objektima. Potrošnja energenata iskazana je kroz postavljene indikatore potrošnje, tj. kroz indikator broja osoba opskrbljenih energijom i indikator kvadratnog metra koju određeni izvor toplinske energije pokriva. Analizom dobivenih podataka utvrđeno je kako su obiteljske kuće na godišnjoj razini prosječno potrošile 27,97 kWh/m2 el. energ., 139,29 kWh/m2 toplinske energ. te 77,95 kWh/m2 prirodnog plina. Uz obiteljske kuće, analizirana je potrošnja energenata za višestambene zgrade.Analizom prikupljenih podataka utvrđeno je kako VSZ godišnje prosječno utroše 38,99 kWh/m2 električne, odnosno 119,85 kWh/m2 toplinske energije, dok se na godišnjoj razini utroši 131,57 kWh/m2 prirodnog plinaSpace heating and the preparation of domestic hot water (DHW) account for the highest energy consumption in Croatia. These needs make up over 80% of the total energy consumption in multi-family buildings and houses in Croatia. Many multifamily buildings fall into low energy performance categories. In line with European Union trends, which focus on highly efficient energy use for heating, there is a need for the energy renovation of the observed households. European directives, as well as national strategies and programmes initiated by the Government of the Republic of Croatia, encourage the renovation of energy-inefficient residential spaces to achieve the energy efficiency levels of other EU member states. This paper provides a detailed analysis of the heating systems in multi-family buildings and households, examining energy consumption for heating and DHW. The thesis presents a methodology which describes relevant components which were used in the research and the methods for data collection and processing. Also, the paper presents indicators that clearly show energy consumption in households, along with an analysis of CO2 emissions and primary energy related to energy consumption. The main findings of the research include the average consumption of energy sources used for generating thermal energy and CO2 emissions in the observed residential buildings. Energy consumption is expressed through established consumption indicators, specifically the indicator of the number of people supplied with energy and the indicator of the square meter area covered by a particular thermal energy source. The analysis of the obtained data revealed that single-family homes, on an annual basis, consumed an average of 27.97 kWh/m² of electrical energy, 139.29 kWh/m² of thermal energy, and 77.95 kWh/m² of natural gas. In addition to single-family homes, the energy consumption for multi-family residential buildings was also analyzed. The analysis of the collected data showed that multifamily residential buildings annually consume an average of 38.99 kWh/m² of electrical energy, 119.85 kWh/m² of thermal energy, and 131.57 kWh/m² of natural gas

    Impact of precipitation on water quality in the Varaždin aquifer

    No full text
    Varaždinski vodonosnik prostire se na području varaždinske ravnice koja je bogata istaloženim naslagama pijeska i šljunka. Geografski obuhvaća gornji tok rijeke Drave te šire područje grada Varaždina do ušća Mure u Dravu. Klimatske promjene zbog kojih je pojava dužih sušnih razdoblja kao i oborina jačeg intenziteta sve češća, utječu na odvijanje procesa hidrološkog ciklusa, ali i doprinose promjeni kvalitete podzemnih voda ovog vodonosnika koji je od iznimne važnosti za vodoopskrbu lokalnog stanovništva. Republika Hrvatska prema Europskoj Direktivi o kvaliteti vode namijenjene za ljudsku potrošnju obvezna je osigurati ispravnost i čistoću vode pri čemu koncentracije štetnih tvari, koje uključuju kemijsko – fizikalna i mikrobiološka onečišćenja ne smiju prelaziti maksimalno dopuštene koncentracije propisane Pravilnikom o parametrima sukladnosti, metodama analiza i monitorinzima vode namijenjene za ljudsku potrošnju. U ovom radu prikazane su analize utjecaja količine oborina na sedam odabranih pokazatelja kvalitete vode na području triju vodocrpilišta varaždinskog vodonosnika.The Varaždin aquifer covers the area of the Varaždin plain, which is rich in deposited sand and gravel layers. Geographically, it encompasses the upper course of the Drava River and the wider area of the town of Varaždin up to the Mura – Drava confluence. Climate changes, resulting in longer drought periods and more intense rainfall, increasingly affect the hydrological cycle processes and contribute to the changing quality of the groundwater in this aquifer, which is of exceptional importance for the water supply of local population. According to the European Drinking Water Directive, which concerns the quality of water intended for human consumption, the Republic of Croatia is obliged to ensure the safety and purity of water. That means that the concentrations of harmful substances, including chemical, physical, and microbiological contaminants, must not exceed the maximum allowable concentrations prescribed by the Ordinance on Compliance Parameters, Methods of Analysis, and Monitoring of Water Intended for Human Consumption. This bachelor thesis presents analyses of the impact of rainfall amounts on seven selected water quality indicators in the area of three water sources of the Varaždin aquifer

    The geochemical characteristics of thermal water of the Krapinske Toplice

    No full text
    Geotermalna energija potječe iz dubina Zemlje, gdje se akumulira toplina iz različitih izvora, poput raspadanja radioaktivnih elemenata. Ta toplina prenosi se prema površini Zemlje putem geotermalnih voda djelovanjem složenih termalnih procesa konvekcije i kondukcije. Geotermalne vode su prirodne vode koje potjeću iz izvora s visokim temperaturama, obi no iz geotermalnih podru ja. To su vode koje tijekom cijele godine imaju temperaturu veću od srednje godišnje temperature zraka u podru ju njihovog izvora. Izvori geotermalne vode razlikuju se prije svega po temperaturi vode te vodonosniku i na inu korištenja. S obzirom na temperaturu geotermalnih voda postoji podjela u 4 kategorije: subtermalne, hipotermalne, homeotermalne i hipertermalne vode. Cilj ovog rada bio je utvrditi kakvo u termalnih voda Krapinskih Toplica. Uzorkovanje se provodilo na 4 lokacije: Jakobova kupelj, Pu ka kupelj, potok Topli ina te crpka na Pu koj kupelji. Na mjestima uzorkovanja izmjereni su temperatura, pH vrijednost, koncentracija ukupnih otopljenih tvari i elektrovodljivost. Uzorci termalne vode su zatim transportirani u laboratorij gdje se provelo određivanje koncentracije glavnih kationa i aniona, koncentracije mikroelemenata te KPK i BPK5. Provedenom analizom uzoraka termalne vode utvrđeno je da se vrijednosti ispitivanih parametara nalaze unutar maksimalno dopuštenih koncentracija sukladno Pravilniku o parametrima sukladnosti za vodu namijenjenu ljudskoj potrošnji.Geothermal energy originates from the depths of the Earth, where heat accumulates from various sources, such as the decay of radioactive elements. This heat is transferred to the Earth's surface via geothermal waters through complex thermal processes of convection and conduction. Geothermal waters are natural waters that come from hot springs, usually from geothermal areas. These are waters that throughout the year have a temperature higher than the average annual air temperature in the area of their source. Geothermal water sources differ primarily in terms of water temperature, aquifer and method of use. Considering the temperature of geothermal waters, there is a division into 4 categories: subthermal, hypothermal, homeothermal and hyperthermal waters. The aim of this work was to determine the quality of the thermal waters of Krapinske Toplice. Sampling was carried out at 4 locations: Jakobova kupelj, Pu ka kupelj, Topli ina stream and the pump at Pu ka kupelj. Temperature, pH value, concentration of total dissolved substances and electrical conductivity were measured at the sampling sites. The thermal water samples were then transported to the laboratory, where the determination of the concentration of the main cations and anions, the concentration of trace elements, and COD and BOD5 was carried out. The analysis of thermal water samples found that the values of the tested parameters are within the maximum allowed concentrations in accordance with the Ordinance on compliance parameters for water intended for human consumption

    The analysis of socio-economic and environmental benefits of renewable energy sources

    No full text
    Konvencionalni energetski izvori na bazi ugljena, plina i nafte vrlo su korisni za poboljšanje ekonomije zemlje, ali s druge strane, neki negativni utjecaji tih resursa na okoliš prisilili su nas da koristimo te resurse unutar određenih granica i usmjerimo naše razmišljanje prema obnovljivim izvorima energije. Društveni, okolišni i ekonomski problemi mogu se izbjeći korištenjem obnovljivih izvora energije, jer se ti resursi smatraju ekološki prihvatljivima, s malo ili bez emisije stakleničkih i otrovnih plinova poput ugljičnog dioksida, ugljičnog monoksida i sumporovog dioksida. Budući da se ti resursi smatraju čistim izvorima energije, mogu biti korisni za ublažavanje učinka stakleničkog efekta i globalnog zagrijavanja. Lokalno zapošljavanje, bolje zdravlje, mogućnosti zapošljavanja, stvaranje radnih mjesta, izbor potrošača, poboljšanje životnog standarda, stvaranje društvenih veza, razvoj prihoda, demografski utjecaji, stvaranje društvenih veza i razvoj zajednice mogu se postići pravilnom uporabom obnovljivog energetskog sustavaConventional energy sources based on coal, gas, and oil are highly beneficial for improving a country's economy, but on the other hand, the negative environmental impacts of these resources have compelled us to use them within certain limits and shifted our focus towards renewable energy sources. Social, environmental, and economic issues can be avoided by using renewable energy sources, as these resources are considered environmentally friendly, with little to no emission of exhaust and toxic gases such as carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, and sulfur dioxide. Since these resources are regarded as clean energy sources, they can help mitigate the effects of the greenhouse effect and global warming. Local employment, better health, job opportunities, job creation, consumer choice, improved living standards, social connection building, income development, demographic impacts, social connection building, and community development can be achieved through the proper use of renewable energy systems

    Photocatalytic oxidation of volatile organic compounds in packed bed reactor

    No full text
    Ovaj rad istražuje primjenu fotokatalitičke oksidacije u reaktorima s punilima kao inovativnu tehnologiju za uklanjanje hlapljivih organskih spojeva (HOS) iz zraka. HOSevi su prisutni u urbanim i industrijskim područjima te njihovo učinkovito uklanjanje postaje ključno za zaštitu ljudskog zdravlja i okoliša. Fotokatalitička oksidacija koristi svjetlosnu energiju za aktivaciju katalizatora, najčešće titanijevog dioksida (TiO2), koji potom razgrađuje HOS-eve na manje štetne spojeve, čime se poboljšava kvaliteta zraka. Rad daje pregled ključnih aspekata HOS-eva, uključujući njihovu definiciju, klasifikaciju, utjecaj na okoliš i zdravlje. Posebna pažnja posvećena je benzenu, koji je jedan od najtoksičnijih hlapljivih spojeva čime značajno doprinosi onečišćenju zraka. Također, rad obuhvaća osnovni princip fotokatalitičke oksidacije, svojstva fotokatalizatora i njegova imobilizacija na punila poput reciklirane gume. Analizira se primjena ove tehnologije za uklanjanje HOS-eva iz zraka te učinkovitost različitih punila u procesu. Tehnološki napredak omogućio je razvoj reaktora koji optimiziraju kontakt između svjetlosti, katalizatora i onečišćivala, što povećava učinkovitost procesa. Reaktori s punilima, koji sadrže materijale poput staklenih ili plastičnih kuglica, pružaju strukturalnu podršku za fotokatalitičke materijale i omogućuju stvaranje većih površinskih područja za reakciju. Razumijevanje dinamike fotokatalitičkog procesa u korištenim reaktorima, uključujući raspodjelu svjetlosti, protok zraka i interakcije između katalizatora i onečišćivala, ključno je za optimizaciju i uspješnost fotokatalitičke razgradnje. Obzirom na rastuću zabrinutost čovječanstva zbog kvalitete zraka i sve strože regulative koje se odnose na emisiju onečišćivala, fotokatalitička oksidacija u reaktorima s punilima nudi održivo rješenje koje može značajno smanjiti koncentracije HOS-eva u zrakoplovnim i industrijskim ispušnim plinovima. Uvođenje ove tehnologije zahtijeva temeljito razumijevanje kemijskih i fizičkih procesa uključenih u fotokatalitičku reakciju, kao i poznavanje dizajna i operativnih karakteristika reaktora s punilima. Stoga je važno proučiti sve aspekte ove tehnologije, od laboratorijskih eksperimenata i modeliranja do komercijalne primjene i ekoloških učinaka.This paper investigates the application of photocatalytic oxidation in packed bed reactors as an innovative technology for the removal of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from air. VOCs are present in urban and industrial areas, and their effective removal is becoming crucial for the protection of human health and the environment. Photocatalytic oxidation utilizes light energy to activate a catalyst, most commonly titanium dioxide (TiO2), which then decomposes VOCs into less harmful compounds, thereby improving air quality. The paper provides an overview of the key aspects of VOCs, including their definition, classification, and impact on the environment and health. Particular attention is paid to benzene, one of the most toxic volatile compounds which significantly contributes to air pollution. The paper also presents the basic principle of photocatalytic oxidation, the properties of photocatalysts, and their immobilization on fillers such as recycled rubber. The application of this technology in the removal of VOCs from air and the effectiveness of different fillers in the process are analysed. Technological advancements have enabled the development of reactors that optimize the contact between light, catalyst, and pollutants, thereby increasing the efficiency of the process. Packed bed reactors, containing materials such as glass or plastic beads, provide structural support for photocatalytic materials and allow the creation of larger surface areas for the reaction. Understanding the dynamics of the photocatalytic process in utilised reactors, including light distribution, airflow, and interactions between the catalyst and pollutants, is crucial for optimizing and achieving the success of photocatalytic degradation. Given the growing concern of humanity about air quality and increasingly strict regulations regarding pollutant emissions, photocatalytic oxidation in packed bed reactors offers a sustainable solution that can significantly reduce VOC concentrations in exhaust gases and industrial emissions. The introduction of this technology requires a thorough understanding of the chemical and physical processes involved in the photocatalytic reaction, as well as the knowledge of the design and operational characteristics of packed bed reactors. Therefore, it is important to study all the aspects of this technology, from laboratory experiments and modelling to commercial application and environmental impact

    Magnetic nanoparticles and environment

    No full text
    Nanočestice su čestice različitih vrsta nanomaterijala koje imaju dimenzije u nanometarskoj skali, imaju veliku specifičnu površinu i mnoga druga zanimljiva svojstva. Magnetne nanočestice su nanočestice koje se sastoje od materijala koji ima magnetna svojstva. Ovisno o na inu i uvjetima pripreme, magnetne nanočestice mogu imati razli it oblik i svojstva. Intenzivnim razvojem nanotehnologije, zbog svojih specifičnih svojstava magnetne nanočestice dobivaju sve značajniju ulogu i upotrebu u okolinu, industriji, medicini, itd. U okolišu se najviše koriste za detekciju onečišćivala i uklanjanje onečišćivala u vodenom mediju. Magnetne nanočestice i nanoćestice opčenito, mogu imati i negativan utjecaj na okoliš, ~ivi svijet i zdravlje ljudi. Zbog toga je potrebno pratit i kontrolirati emisije magnetnih nanočestica u okolišu, definirati zakonodavni okvir te razvijati zelene metode za njihovu sintezu.Nanoparticles are particles of different types of nanomaterials that have dimensions in the nanometer scale, have a large specific surface area and many other interesting properties. Magnetic nanoparticles are nanoparticles that consist of a material that has magnetic properties. Depending on the method and condition of preparation, magnetic nanoparticles can have diffrent shapes and properties. With the intensive development of nanotechnology, due to their specific properties, magnetic nanoparticles are gaining an increasingly significant role and use in the environment, industry, medicine, etc. In the environment they are most often used for the detection of pollutants and the removal of pollutants in the aqeous medium. Magnetic nanoparticles, and nanoparticles in general, can also have a negative impact on the environment, human health and living world. Therefore, it is necessary to monitor and control the emissions of magnetic nanoparticles in the environment, define the legislative framework and develop green methods for their synthesis

    Using inclinometres in geotechnical projects

    No full text
    Inklinometri su uređaji koji se koriste za mjerenja promjena nagiba mjernih cijevi koje su prethodno ugrađene u tlo, stijensku masu ili geotehničku konstrukciju. Izmjerenu promjenu nagiba mjerne cijevi mogu e je pod odgovaraju im uvjetima interpretirati kao horizontalni ili vertikalni pomak. Razlikujemo dvije verzije inklinometara: vertikalni i horizontalni inklinometar. Vertikalni inklinometri se koriste za praćenje horizontalnih pomaka. Najčešće se koriste na klizištima i ključni su za: razumijevanje mehanike klizišta, određivanje dubine klizne plohe, praćenje veli ine, brzine i smjera pomaka kliznog tijela, provjere i dokaze stabilnosti pokosa i potpornih konstrukcija. Horizontalni inklinometri se koriste za praćenje vertikalnih pomaka, kao što je slijeganje tla tijekom procesa konsolidacije. Praćenje slijeganja je osobito važno u projektima izgradnje nasipa. Rad uključuje i primjere inklinometarskih mjerenja iz prakse. Primjena inklinometara u skladu s pravilima struke i dobrom inženjerskom praksom umanjuje rizike pri geotehničkim zahvatima te omogućuje donošenje sigurnih, kvalitetnih i racionalnih projektnih rješenja.Inclinometers are devices used to measure changes in the inclination of measuring tubes that have been previously installed in the ground, rock mass, or geotechnical structures. The measured change in the inclination of the measuring tube can, under appropriate conditions, be interpreted as horizontal or vertical displacement. There are two versions of inclinometers: vertical and horizontal inclinometers. Vertical inclinometers monitor horizontal displacements. They are most commonly used in landslides and are crucial for understanding landslide mechanics, determining the depth of the slip plane, monitoring the magnitude, speed, and direction of the movement of the sliding mass, and verifying and proving the stability of slopes and retaining structures. Horizontal inclinometers monitor vertical displacements, such as ground settlement during the consolidation process. Monitoring settlement is especially important in embankment construction projects. The work also includes examples of inclinometer measurements from practice. The use of inclinometers in accordance with industry standards and good engineering practice reduces risks in geotechnical operations and enables the implementation of safe, high-quality, and rational design solutions

    Environmental impact of lithium mining

    No full text
    Litij, kao ključna komponenta baterija za električna vozila i obnovljive izvore energije, ima sve veću globalnu potražnju. Međutim, njegova ekološka eksploatacija predstavlja ozbiljne izazove. Proces rudarenja litija uključuje dvije glavne metode: vađenje litija iz tvrdih stijena i isparavanje litija iz slanih površinskih naslaga. Obje metode imaju značajan utjecaj na okoliš, uključujući uništavanje staništa, zagađenje vode, visoku potrošnju vode i emisiju štetnih tvari u zrak. Posebno se naglašava problem u područjima bogatim litijem, gdje vađenje uzrokuje iscrpljivanje lokalnih vodenih resursa i pogoršava životne uvjete lokalnih zajednica. Također, isparavanje soli može uzrokovati degradaciju tla i gubitak bioraznolikosti. Uz ekološke posljedice, istraživanje obuhvaća i socijalne i ekonomske posljedice, poput sukoba s lokalnim stanovništvom zbog eksploatacije prirodnih resursa, što često dovodi do narušavanja njihovih prava i tradicionalnog načina života. S ovim radom se predočavaju nepovoljni učinci rudarenja i pročišćavanja litija na vodu, zrak, tlo i živa bića (životinje, biljke i ljude). Te ističe potreba za održivim rješenjima u industriji litija kroz inovacije u tehnologiji vađenja, recikliranju baterija te implementaciji strožih regulativa koje smanjuju negativan utjecaj na okoliš i zajednice.The demand for lithium, which is a key component in batteries for electric vehicles and renewable energy sources, is increasing globally. However, its ecological exploitation presents serious challenges. The process of lithium mining involves two main methods: extracting lithium from hard rock and evaporating lithium from surface brine deposits. Both methods have significant environmental impacts, including habitat destruction, water pollution, high water consumption, and the emission of harmful substances into the air. Particular emphasis is placed on the problems of lithium-rich areas, where extraction depletes local water resources and worsens living conditions for local communities. Additionally, salt evaporation can cause soil degradation and loss of biodiversity. Alongside environmental consequences, the research presented in the thesis also addresses social and economic impacts, such as conflicts with local population due to the exploitation of natural resources, often leading to the violation of their rights and traditional way of life. The main objective of this bachelor thesis is to present the adverse effects of lithium mining and processing on water, air, soil, and living beings (animals, plants and humans). It also emphasizes the need for sustainable solutions in the lithium industry through innovations in extraction technology, battery recycling, and the implementation of stricter regulations that reduce the negative impact on the environment and communities

    210

    full texts

    662

    metadata records
    Updated in last 30 days.
    Repository of Faculty of Geotechnical Engineering
    Access Repository Dashboard
    Do you manage Open Research Online? Become a CORE Member to access insider analytics, issue reports and manage access to outputs from your repository in the CORE Repository Dashboard! 👇