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Problems of Recognition of Foreign Judgments and res judicata in European Union
Get PDFThe article examines the problematic aspects of recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments in the European Union in relation to the application of the public policy clause. Analysis of the content of public order also constitutes part of the article. It focuses on the EU law instruments which provide unequal conditions for non-recognition of foreign judgments. The authors discuss if inclusion in the CJEU of the limits on the interpretation of the public order clause is a sufficient guarantee to ensure proper application of the public order clause. Moreover, the authors analyse the principle of res judicata according the EU law
The Effect of Potentially Groundwater-Contaminating Ecological Disaster on Adolescents’ Bottled Water Consumption and Perceived Risk to Use Tap Water
Get PDFWe compared the extent to which a potentially groundwater-contaminating ecological disaster affected adolescents’ bottled water consumption and perceived risk to use tap water. The affected group consists of 221 adolescents (56.6% were girls, Mage = 15.44, SDage = 0.60), while the control group consisted of 156 adolescents (56.4% were girls, Mage = 15.50, SDage = 0.55). The Comprehensive Action Determination Model that explains pro-environmental actions was used as a basis for the comparison of adolescents’ bottled water use, both on mean and model-path levels. Perceived risk of tap water use was compared among affected and control groups (i.e., quasi-experimental manipulation check). The affected group perceived tap water use as riskier than the control group, although the difference was marginal. The affected group also demonstrated significantly lower intention not to consume bottled water than the control. Interestingly, however, path-level comparisons indicated that affected adolescents were more effective in translating their perceived control over sources of clean drinking water into intention to consume tap water
Regioninės autonomijos vietos valdžios pajamų iš vietinių mokesčių optimizavimas
No full textThis study aims to analyze the optimization of the local tax revenues of Tegal City, Indonesia, based on ratio analysis and Klassen Typology mapping. The taxes that are a priority for optimizing efforts as a source of local tax revenue in Tegal City are: street lighting tax; the fee for the acquisition of land and building rights (FALBR); land and building tax; and restaurant tax. Based on analysis via the Klassen Typology, the performance of street lighting tax, FALBR, and land and building tax revenues must be maintained, with an increase in the complete and updated potential database and tax collection efficiency due to their high contributions. Meanwhile, restaurant tax is a tax that has been increased and is growing rapidly, and still allows for further enhancement. Although they contribute relatively little, entertainment tax, hotel tax, and parking tax also have great potential, and
can be increased further because they have high growth beyond that of local tax revenue
Application of the institute of force majeure in the case of Covid 19
No full textThe article analyzes the concept of force majeure, compares the concept of force majeure conditions in the
legal system of the Republic of Lithuania with international legal regulation. The article offers suggestions on how
the institute of force majeure should be applied in the case of Covid 19.
The purpose of this article reveals the application of the institute of force majeure in the case of the Covid
19 pandemic.
The force majeure institute in the Republic of Lithuania is applied quite rarely and differently compared to foreign
countries. This article also compares the doctrine of law and legal regulation of the Republic of Lithuania with
foreign legal regulation and international soft law. The conclusion is made that the application of the institute of
force majeure in the Republic of Lithuania in the case of Covid 19 should take into account international soft law
The Association Agreement and the Implementation of Domestic Reforms towards Strengthening the Rule of Law, in Georgia, Moldova, and Ukraine
Get PDFThe European Union has an Association Agreement with Georgia, Moldova, and Ukraine. One of the important commitments of this document is to bring the rule of law, democracy, and human rights systems closer to European standards. This article discusses the reforms carried out in the above mentioned Eastern Partnership countries in the field of rule of law and the developments, achievements, and current challenges of democratic institutions. It also analyzes the role of the European Union and the legal significance of the Association Agreement in ensuring progress towards the rule of law and democratic transformation
Kaip įgyvendinti kontekstui jautrius vertinimo metodus šalyse, kuriose dar tik formuojasi vertinimo kultūra
No full textEvaluation cultures and evaluation capacity building vary greatly across the European Union. Western European countries, such as Austria, Germany, Denmark and Sweden, have been termed as leading countries in the evaluation as they have built up well-established evaluation cultures and carry out systematic evaluations of programmes and institutions. In contrast, in Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries, efforts continue to establish evaluation practices and further develop the current evaluation culture. In Hungary, for example, an established research and innovation evaluation practice does not exist, not one specifically considering gender equality in research and innovation evaluations with the exception of research and innovation programmes financed by the EU Structural Funds. Based on the results of a Horizon 2020 project, we apply a context-sensitive evaluation concept in Hungary that enables program owners and evaluators to
develop a tailor-made design and impact model for their planned or ongoing gender equality interventions. The development of this evaluation was based on a thorough analysis of the literature and 19 case studies, building on documentary analysis and semi-structured interviews. The article shows that this evaluation approach is applicable also in countries with a certain catch-up demand of the existing overall evaluation culture. The special feature of the presented evaluation approach
is, on the one hand, that the evaluation is context-sensitive. On the other hand, this approach makes it possible not only to depict effects on gender equality itself, but also to anticipate effects on research and innovation. Such effects can, for example, be a stronger orientation of research towards societal needs, which makes it particularly interesting for private companies
Ekonomikos globalizacija ir jos poveikis Kazachstano finansų politikai
No full textCC BY-NC-NDThis paper is aimed at studying the impact of economic globalization on the
financial policy of Kazakhstan. The relevance of this study is conditioned by the problems of
implementing financial policy for the modern economy of Kazakhstan, the underdevelopment of the financial and banking systems, and the low level of monetization (45%, with a
threshold for food security at 75%). This study uses the methods of analysis, synthesis, and
analogy, which allow for a comprehensive study of the models of financial market regulation. Using the comparative research method, the regulation of the research object in the
national system of Kazakhstan, in other countries of the region, and at the international
level is compared. This paper presents the main trends in the functioning of financial systems at the international, regional, and national levels. The integration of the banking sector is classified according to the degree of development of integration processes in the
financial sphere. These processes include: offensive credit integration; protective financial
integration; preparatory (pre-integration); and disintegration. This study reveals that Kazakhstan is making attempts to introduce the conceptual provisions of Asian neo-industrial
countries both to modernize the national economy and the financial sphere and to actively
engage in regional and world financial markets and flows. It is determined that a consolidated (integrated) model of financial market regulation functions in Kazakhstan, and its
advantages and disadvantages are noted. The study of the features of the financial market
regulation models in other countries under the influence of globalization trends makes it
possible to determine measures to improve the financial market regulation of Kazakhstan
The Behavior of Lithuanian Travelers in the Context of COVID-19
No full textCC BY-NC-ND 4.0The relevance of this study is determined by the fact that the tourism
industry is undergoing the most difficult period in its history due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Travel restrictions imposed to stop the spread of the virus have had a devastating
effect on the entire tourism industry, both worldwide and in Lithuania. Tourism is a
vital part of the infrastructure of the world economy, generating 10% of total GDP according to the United Nations World Tourism Organization. Hence, this industry was
maintaining 1 in 10 of all jobs worldwide before the COVID-19 pandemic. The tourism
sector is very dynamic, requiring a rapid response to a changing environment and market. However, tourism is also the sector most affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. After
the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, tour operators in Lithuania suffered €9.5 million
in losses throughout 2020, and their income fell by an average of 58%.
The aim of this article is to analyze the motives and choices of travelers’ behavior
regarding travel priorities during a pandemic.
The research methodology consisted of the analysis of scientific literature alongside documentary and statistical data regarding the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on
the tourism sector. This was accompanied by quantitative research on travelers’ behavior
in Lithuania.
The results of this study unequivocally show that the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on travelers was over 89%. Due to the changing quarantine conditions brought
about by the COVID-19 pandemic in various countries, last-minute travel is expected
to become popular for reasons of financial security and allowing more predictable travel
dates. The travel industry, after having been affected by the global pandemic, encourages hobby, tailor-made trips, or even specific reconstructions of the most popular prepandemic trips that are designed around the individual needs of travelers.
Respondents also indicated that the future of safe travel lies in vaccine passports and,
although it is not yet known exactly whether vaccination inhibits the spread of the disease, acquired immunity and resistance to the COVID-19 virus provides an opportunity
to avoid severe complications or even death. A survey of travelers revealed that 67.1% of
respondents would choose a vaccine passport, and the Chi-squared test found that travel
planning differed statistically significantly depending on the introduction of vaccination
passports. This means that travel planning would be more active if vaccination passports
were introduced to allow unrestricted travel without testing and quarantine
Organizational Resilience Management in the Face of a Crisis: Results of a Survey of Social Service Institutions before and during a Covid-19 Pandemic
Get PDFThe article analyzes the problematic situation of organizational resilience in the face of a pandemic, reveals the importance of managerial solutions for positive changes in the organization. It identifies the key challenges facing the organization during a pandemic and identifies key actions to overcome the challenges and survive the COVID-19 emergency. Organizational resilience factors are compared in order of importance, determined in 2020. The onset of the first wave of the pandemic, and 2021 - during the second wave of the pandemic
The Role of Human Capital and Innovation in Economic Growth: Evidence from Kazakhstan
Get PDFThis article investigates the role of human capital and innovation in economic development of the
country. Aim of the research is to investigate theoretical and methodological basis of the role of human capital
and innovation in economic growth, evaluate current state of human capital and innovation activities, and develop
scientific and applied recommendations to strengthen capacity and improve competitiveness of human capital in
the developing countries.
This paper contributes to the literature by fulfilling a theory of human capital development in the knowledge
economy, revealing the relational mechanism between human capital development, innovation, and economic
boundary of these relationship. It also contributes to the further understanding of the role of human development
and innovation in economic development. This study result implies to strengthen capacity and improve the
competitiveness of human capital, draft human capital development policy.
We used statistical data analysis, index calculation method, method of UNDP, and method of correlation and
regression analysis. The sample mean method is used in the calculation of average national test results.
The analysis of the existing researches and debates is made. We defined the current state of human capital and
innovations in Kazakhstan. According to analysis of the coverage of pre-school education half of children don’t
have access to education. Moreover, Preschool enrollment in Almaty, Zhambyl, Mangystau, Atyrau regions, and
Almaty, Nur-Sultan, Shymkent cities are below the republic average line. In the most of regions the rate has
increase for about 0,1 indicator, while in Aktobe, Atyrau, Kostanay regions, and Nur-Sultan city the difference of
base period and 2019 is negative. The quality of secondary education became worse year by year. Youth from the
regions are migrating within the country to get higher education especially in the nearby regions as Almaty,
Akmola, Zhambyl, Turkistan regions.
Analysis of current state of innovative activity showed that Kazakhstan had the low productivity in patents,
creations, and publicity activity