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Nuo Hans Gross iki lazerinio skenavimo – nusikaltimo vietos fiksavimo principai dabar ir tada
Get PDFHans Gross created with the first print of his book “Handbuch für Untersuchungsrichter,
Polizeibeamte, Gendarmen, usw.“ a standard volume for the
work at crime scenes in 1893. This book was published in several editions over
a time period of decades.
Throughout the time the technology, which is used for crime scene documentation,
has changed, correlated to the then actual available technology.
This article gives an overview about the changes in the technologies used at
crimes scenes for documentation between 1893 and 2022. It describes the way
from sketching and modelling to photography, Infrared-photography, spherical
panoramic photography and laser scanning. Many modern technologies are
based upon scientific principles which were described decades ago, although
people think, that they are new.
This article also takes a look upon what principles for the work at crime
scenes, postulated by Hans Gross, are still valid today
Towards an Inclusive Society: Review of Google Trends Data of User Interest in the Deaf Comparing to the Blind and the Disabled
Get PDFCC BY 4.0The COVID-19 pandemic has brought great difficulties for the deaf, the blind and people with disabilities in general, in addition to the difficulties of everyday life. This study aims to examine the public interest
in the social integration of the deaf and hard of hearing community during the pandemic and the pre-pandemic
period in the context of an inclusive society. The empirical study is based on the analysis of statistical data
provided by Google Trends, which is a big data analysis, relative measurement and information visualisation
tool that allowed to get insight on gaps and inconstancy of information seekers’ interest within categories of
science, people and society, law and government, and health. The study encourages researchers and social
policy makers to pay extra attention to the social inclusion of the deaf, which, according to the research data,
worsened during the pandemic more than other groups of the disabled
Closing the loophole? Drėlingas and Vasiliauskas cases from the crimes against humanity perspective
Get PDFIt has already been stated multiple times that when we speak of the Drėlingas
or Vasiliauskas cases,38 and when we are considering various issues of genocide in the
circumstances of the crimes committed by the Soviet regime, another question looms
over us. If proving genocide in those cases is so complicated, can we consider an alternative
option: crimes against humanity? This question was exactly the one that came to
my mind when I started to become interested in these cases. Crimes against humanity
seemed like a natural choice, having in mind that they were already introduced in 1945
in the Statute of the International Military Tribunal,39 annexed to the London Charter,
and their concept was afterwards confirmed by the UN General Assembly as well as
post-World War II jurisprudence. For some reason, Lithuania did not use this category
of crimes as an option for the prosecution of soviet criminals. Moreover, crimes against
humanity in the Criminal Code40 of Independent Lithuania were introduced only in
2000, i.e., ten years into independence. This was always a puzzle to me, especially looking
at our neighbours with a shared fate – Latvia and Estonia – who introduced definitions
of these crimes in their legal systems much earlier
Kriminalistinė biologija: istorija, dabartis ir ateitis
Get PDFThe history of forensic biology is strictly connected with two names – Karol
Landsteiner who in 1901 discovered blood types in an ABO system. The other
one is Alec Jeffreys who in 1985 came upon polymorphic minisatellite sequences
and invented the “DNA fingerprinting” technique1. These two separated by
time events allow us to understand the road forensic biology followed to become
the discipline without which it is impossible to find the offenders. For
years serological examinations and enzymes polymorphism analysis has been
used to study biological evidence. Nevertheless in many cases such as the situations
where changes were caused by natural deterioration processes, physical or
chemical factors, the “age” of biological traces left on a crime scene it happens
to be impossible to obtain satisfying results. These limitations, however, do not
apply to genetic studies. Blood, sperm, saliva are very good sources of DNA.
A smaller amount of DNA content in hair, teeth or bones is compensated by
greater resistance against unfavourable external factors. The introduction of
DNA analysis allowed for the use of the upper skin layer (epidermis) cells in
forensic examinations. Prior applied serology methods had not offered such
possibilities. It is possible to use also the samples obtained as a result of an autopsy.
However, it is worth remembering that the quantity of degraded genetic
material grows proportionate to the longevity of post mortem time2. On some
occasions, DNA could be found in the tissues preserved and covered in paraffine.
In the end, it is worth mentioning that at the current state of advanced
technology and the possibility of applying different examination techniques it
is possible to analyse every type of biological trace
Fiscal Operations on the Way of Ensuring Budget Security of Ukraine in Crisis
Get PDFUkraine, like many other countries in the world, aims to ensure sustainable economic growth by
comprehensive socio-economic reform. At the same time, the factors that impede the effectiveness of its
implementation pose a threat to financial security due to the loss of its stability. Such multifaceted factors include
the spread of globalization and digitalization, which, along with new opportunities, create new challenges and
threats, which in turn require a reliable economic foundation and support for financial stability, centralized funds
and long-term financial resources. An important tool, among others, is budget policy, which combines regulatory
and fiscal functions of the budget process. It optimally and continuously supports the creation of resources for the
reduction of threats and development of the economy through budget expenditures, and an indicator of its
effectiveness is budget security. Thus, the unresolved issues of budget security, as a strategic direction of financial
security, in the relationship and interaction with fiscal sustainability led to the choice of research subject, its
purpose and objectives. Paying tribute to the contribution of scientists, we should note that the issue of improving
budget security in terms of considering the impact of fiscal sustainability on it requires further research. The
purpose and objectives of the study are to generalize and systematize the theoretical foundations and
methodological approaches to budget security, impact assessment and development of proposals for strengthening
budget security by improving budget and fiscal policy, strengthening fiscal sustainability. To achieve this goal,
the following tasks were defined: the theoretical foundations of budget security were generalized; the role and
importance of fiscal policy and fiscal sustainability in ensuring budget security were described; the diagnostics of
budget security in Ukraine were carried out; the level of fiscal sustainability was analyzed and its impact on
Ukraine's budget security was assessed; the practical recommendations for strengthening budget security by fiscal
sustainability reinforcement were developed
Soft law instrumentų poveikis sprendžiant COVID-19 pandemijos sukeltą krizę: minkštosios teisės viršenybė
Get PDFAffordable and Clean Energy for All: Challenges in Balkan Countries
Get PDFCC BY 4.0The paper analyses SDG7 indicators of sustainable development in Balkan
Countries. Slovenia, Croatia and Montenegro, Serbia, North Macedonia and
Bosnia Herzegovina are selected for case study aiming to define the progress towards SDG7 goal- Affordable and clean energy by applying the main
indicators set for analysis of situation in terms of affordable and clean energy for all in selected neighbouring countries of former Yugoslavia. The
paper also provides policy recommendations based on analysis performed
and allows to share good practices in energy policies among neighbouring
countries which as different economic development level and Slovenia is EU
Member State since 2004 and Croatia since 2013. Other Balkan states are
just planning to join EU in the future
Narkotinių ir psichotropinių medžiagų likučių nuotekose tyrimas Estijos miestuose - Taline ir Tartu
No full textIn this article, the authors look at drug and psychotropic
substance residues detected in wastewater studies in Tallinn
and Tartu over a specific period. A brief overview is given of
the possibility of assessing drug use in a given area by analysing
municipal wastewater to detect drugs and their metabolic
residues. The analysis of municipal wastewater for drugs
and their metabolic residues in order to assess drug use in the community is an emerging field of research. The method
involves analytical chemistry, physiology and biochemistry,
wastewater management, spatial and medical epidemiology
as well as statistics
Law Must be Public vs Private Data Protection: Case Analysis
No full textAccording to the most recent legislative examples, this paper
strives to answer how, in the process of making private data public, the legal
principle that law must be public should be balanced with the requirements
of the EU General Data Protection Regulation issued in May of 2018. In the
context of the content of the legal principle that law must be public, also having
in mind related rules of legal doctrine, this paper concludes that the protection
of personal data cannot be understood in such a way that the aforementioned
legal principle is negated. On the other hand, this paper pays attention to the
fact that the question of the protection of private data should be evaluated in
the context of legal requirements to respect international agreements related to
legal transformations in EU private data protection law