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Circular Public Procurement as a Component of Global Security
Get PDFOne of the types of "green" public procurement has been studied - circular procurement based on the
principles of circular economy. Their purpose is to ensure that the goods or materials from which they are made
are used in the new cycle at the end of their service life. The basic legal models of organization of such purchases
are considered and the conditions under which procurements become circular and contribute to the achievement
of sustainable development goals, namely the availability of special technical specifications, are identified. Special
technical specifications allow the use of goods or materials in the new cycle. Emphasis is placed on the need to
apply a "circular criterion", which requires the continued use of goods or materials. Possible ways of introducing
circular public procurement into the national public procurement system are suggested. The impact of public
circular procurement on global security is argued
Būsto politika mažas pajamas gaunančiose bendruomenėse Indonezijoje ir jos reformos: apžvalga
No full textCC BYThis article aims at discussing the New Public Management (NPM) approach that
has been implemented in housing policies for low-income communities (MBR) in Indonesia and
specifically describes how the NPM approach has diametrical relevance to the post-NPM approach.
This research method uses a review approach. The data collection technique is through searching
various sources and literature, both from NPM theories, regulations and historical documents on
housing policy in Indonesia. Data analysis used in this study uses several stages, i.e., first a brief
description of the history of Indonesia’s housing policy during the Old Order, New Order s provided;
the second stage focuses on the new order or reform era and explains how the housing approach for
MBR in Indonesia has adopted the NPM policy, and the final section presents the direction of the
housing policy reform in Indonesia based on the post-NPM paradigm. The result of the study
indicates that the NPM approach in the context of housing policy for low-income communities (MBR)
in Indonesia has not been fully able to overcome housing problems for low-income communities
(MBR) and in principle the NPM approach requires socio-cultural, economic and political
adaptation of Indonesia. The main point of this article is to encourage the realisation of an ideal
housing policy for low-income communities (MBR) in the future through the application of a post-
NPM approach as a correction and evaluation instrument while at the same time encouraging the
housing policy reform for low-income communities (MBR) in Indonesia
Interdisciplinarity of forensics as a way to recover the inscription “arbeit macht frei” from the Auschwitz-Birkenau state museum
No full textIn the practice of a forensic laboratory, you can often
come across a comprehensive expertise in which one trace is
prepared and analyzed by many experts from various fields
of forensics. Due to the increasing research possibilities, the
development of modern technologies and the use of specific
sequences for the visualization of traces, investigative authorities expect comprehensive identification of traces and
material evidence as part of their expert opinions. The cooperation of experts from various specialties creates this “interdisciplinarity” allowing for the identification of the same
object with the participation of many domains. As a result,
the interdisciplinary approach brings measurable benefits in
the form of obtaining the maximum amount of information
from the material submitted for research (evidence, comparative, control). However, these activities require knowledge,
experience and close cooperation in the implementation of
analyzes, the use of effective research methods, as well as
skills in deciding on the sequence of sampling and conducting their analyzes. The type of forensic techniques used is also important, especially when examining objects that are part of
cultural heritage or contemporary art. Police experts then use
non-invasive methods of analysis as the first, thus avoiding
the possibility of changing the structure of the tested object.
Comprehensive analysis and subsequent identification of
forensic material must therefore be carried out in such a way
that, after examining the traces of one type, it was possible to
carry out subsequent research stages
Profiles of achievement motivation and performance in middle school: links to student background and perceived classroom climate
Get PDFCC BY 4.0Achievement motivation and performance at school are reciprocally related, however,
empirical studies report a large variability of findings and, in some cases, weaker than
expected associations between these constructs. To further our understanding of the
motivation–performance link, we examined typical patterns of motivation and performance
and their correlates, in two cohorts of 8th-grade students (N1 = 998, N2 = 441). As expected,
we identified both concordant and discordant patterns of achievement motivation and
performance. In two subgroups, specifically, those characterized by low motivation and
low performance (34% of the sample) and those characterized by high motivation and
high performance (18% of the sample), the levels of motivation were highly concordant
with scores on math and reading tests. In contrast, the other two profiles—weak motivation
with elevated performance (38% of all sample) and high motivation with low performance
(9% of the sample) had divergent patterns of motivation and performance. The subgroups
also differed on student socio-economic background, special educational needs, gender,
as well as perceptions of classroom climate. Overall, our findings reveal context-dependent
patterns of the relationship between aspects of achievement motivation and performance
Performing Arts Creation under Inequality: How Government Subsidies in Spain Perpetuate the Status Quo
Get PDFCC BY-NC-ND 4.0As economic inequality continues to deepen in the developed world, its ramifications in the social sphere are becoming more apparent. In a context of both public and private
belt-tightening, the arts have seen a general decline in terms of cultural offerings, public funding
available, and viewership and public participation. In this paper we focus on how the public sector
in the Valencian region in Spain is channeling funds to stimulate the production of cultural offerings
to make up for the deficiencies in the allocation of resources by the market. Our research focuses
on the grants allocated for creation in the performing arts by the Valencian government during the
2016–2020 period, analyzing how the various programs perform both in terms of how the money
is spent and how it is distributed, in order to ultimately gauge whether they contribute to their
stated goal of mitigating inequality and providing broader and better cultural offerings. We find
that although funding has continually risen and even doubled in a four-year period, its allocation is
highly unequal and disproportionately rewards the already large and consolidated players. This goes
against the stated goal of the policy and perpetuates the inequality of the performing arts ecosystem
at large. We conclude with some general recommendations on how to move forward in guaranteeing
a robust arts environment for artists, arts creators, and the general public
An Empirical Analysis of Luxembourg’s Post-cold War Defence Expenditure
Get PDFCC BY-NC-ND 4.0The latest shift in the global balance of power (i.e., Russia invading Ukraine) has
reinforced the role of NATO and breathed new life into the discussion on defence expenditure, particularly in respect to NATO’s two percent GDP guideline. This paper is interested in the defence expenditure of one of the smallest NATO nations, Luxembourg. The author investigates Luxembourg’s
post-Cold War military spending via two different methods (graphical analysis and econometric
modelling) and in relation to a selection of endogenous and exogenous influence factors. Graphical
analysis allows for an explanation of the dichotomy of Luxembourg being, on the one hand, NATO’s
smallest contributor in terms of defence expenditure as a share of GDP, and on the other hand
NATO’s top spender in terms of military equipment by share of defence expenditure. In turn, the
econometric analysis in this paper proposes an OLS model which explains Luxembourg’s defence
expenditure as a share of GDP in relation to two endogenous variables (GDP per capita and military
personnel) and one exogenous variable (US defence expenditure as a share of GDP). This model has
two merits. First, it offers a science-based indication as to how many staff the Luxembourg Armed
Forces need to recruit in the future. Second, it exposes the limits of defence expenditure as a share of
GDP for evaluating the military effort of a nation. Finally, the limitations of the paper are that the
developed model is only applicable to Luxembourg. The author tested it against an updated version
of Verlaine’s (2022, in press-a, in press-b) small NATO nations, but it failed to produce convincing
results
The Theory of Generational Stratification in the Context of Brand Marketing Communication Strategy
Get PDFCC BY-NC-ND 4.0The generational approach is becoming widely used to revise patterns in brand
value building and management. The need for such revision is a logical consequence of the current situation, where traditional branding principles fail. As turbulent changes are occurring in the
macro environment due to the (post)pandemic situation and global socio-economic development,
more and more voices are beginning to point out the different natures of the problem. One solution
is the application of the generational approach to the practice of brand managers. Thus, strategies
would become more personalized and fit crucial market segments focusing on the increase of subjectively perceived brand value. On the other hand, some concepts and theories which have not been
checked functionally in the long term perspective, and which have started to be prematurely applied in specific managerial tasks, are being critically discussed. One of such concepts involves the usage
of generational stratification in the practice of marketing managers. Thus, the aim of this paper is to
analyze the concept of fitting brand marketing communication strategy to the specifics of a targeted
generational cohort. Subsequently, this study aims to critically discuss the concept of generational
stratification from the point of view of brand management. To fulfill this aim, the method of contingency table evaluation and hypotheses testing via chi-squared tests is used. Data were collected
via a consumer questionnaire survey among Slovak inhabitants aged 15 years and above, involving
1,978 respondents in total. Based on this research, it is concluded that generational stratification is
not relevant for the purposes of brand marketing communication strategy. On the one hand, its general applicability is proved, but on the other – in selected product categories (personal cars, banks,
cola beverages and sportswear) – the link between generation and perception of brand value is not
proved
EU Cooperation with the Countries of the Caucasus to Help Them Integrate into International Law and Human Rights Law
No full textThe European Union’s cooperation project, entitled “Eastern
Partnership” (EaP for short), started in 2009. On 9 June, 2017, the
European Commission drew up a joint work plan entitled “20 results by
2020”, which set out key priorities for achieving tangible results. It is an
intergovernmental organization set up at the initiative of the European
Union to deal with relations between the EU and its eastern neighbors –
Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Moldova, and Ukraine – with opportunities
to discuss trade, economic strategy, movement agreements,
etc.
This article analyzes the contribution of the European Union to the
positive changes in the domestic policy of the Caucasus countries (Armenia,
Azerbaijan, and Georgia/Sakartvelo) in the judiciary and in the
prosecutor’s office. It examines the rate at which the countries of the Caucasus
are absorbing positive changes in the protection of human rights
resulting from the cooperation of the European Union in their internal
institutions, and the benefits for the European Union. The areas where
the best results have been achieved are highlighted, and the countries that
have had the greatest difficulty in achieving the project’s objectives are
discussed. The priorities of the Eastern Partnership after 2020 are discussed.
At the end of the article, conclusions are formulated as to whether
the cooperation of the European Union has accelerated the integration
of the countries of the Caucasus region involved in the above-mentioned
projects into the norms of international law and the protection of human
rights