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Nusikaltimai, susiję su masiniais renginiais – baudžiamoji teisinė kvalifikacija ir įrodinėjimo problemos
No full textThe subject of analysis is the statutory descriptions of
crimes and offenses related to mass events and the way of
proving the perpetration of such crimes. The overly general
formulation of the elements and the criminalization of behavior
only leading to the violation of legally protected goods
cause evidentiary difficulties and at the same time constitute
a temptation to simplify the proof of the commission of a
crime. At the same time, the basing of evidence proceedings in many cases primarily on surveillance data from the event
raises doubts about whether the perpetration is attributed
to the right person. The punitive measure of a stadium ban,
which raises both constitutional questions and doubts about
how it should be enforced, was discussed
Nuo raketų, šaunamųjų ginklų ir su jais susijusių objektų paimti biologiniai pėdsakai DNR šaltinis asmens identifikacijai
Get PDFThis article is based on the data obtained through the implementation of
the research task entitled “Selection of forensic methods for individual identification
of thermally degraded traces remaining in a minimal amount on a weapon
or a projectile” financed by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education
in Poland. The research conducted as part of the experiments was aimed at
proving what are the practical possibilities of genetic identification of a human
on the basis of biological traces secured from a shot projectile and from the
assignment of various examples of firearms from which the shot was fired.
These studies allowed for the selection of methods related to the acquisition
and analysis of DNA as a source for establishing the identity of unknown people,
whose material was thermally changed and was subject to other degradation factors.
They constitute a preliminary report, but allow us to assume that the further
continuation of the analyzes will significantly expand the knowledge in this
field. The assumption of the research task was to introduce a greater number of
weapons and many various obstacles on the flight path of the fired missile, but
due to some difficulties, the research experiments were not extended, which significantly limited the possibility of obtaining a greater amount of information
that could be used in practice during forensic examination. Nevertheless, the
findings made optimistic about the prospect of continuing the analyzes, and
with them, expanding knowledge in the area in question. After all, more and
more perfect methods of securing biological traces occurring in subanalytical
quantities (LCN), degraded in various ways, exposed to many unfavorable
environmental and weather factors, coming from hard-to-reach and polluted
surfaces, provide a great chance to learn and solve the hitherto unexplained
issues. This, the use of highly developed trace concentration techniques and the
introduction of more and more modern research genetically identifying material
of human origin and facilitating other, not less important, determinations
The Involvement of the Child in the Mediation Process
No full textIn this article, the author presents the peculiarities of the
inclusion of the child in the mediation process. Often, family disputes
affect children and leave them with painful memories if parents have not
ensured the observance of the child’s needs and interests. After having
analyzed the way in which Lithuanian law provides for the necessity of
hearing the child, it transpires that in family disputes the mediator has
the possibility to involve the child in the mediation process, but is not
obliged to do so. The author investigates the patterns of direct and indirect
involvement of the child in mediation sessions. The analysis of Lithuanian
legislation regulating issues of mediator competence has shown
that the laws do not specify additional or higher requirements for mediators
conducting mediation sessions with children. The author concludes
with proposals to the Lithuanian legislator, which include amending the
provisions of the Mediation Act on the need to involve the child in mediation
sessions and supplementing the provisions on the competence of
the mediator
Sodium, Potassium and Iodine Intake in an Adult Population of Lithuania
Get PDFCC BY 4.0Hypertension is a leading risk factor for cardiovascular events and death. A reduction
in salt intake is among the most cost-effective strategies to reduce blood pressure and the risk of
cardiovascular diseases. Increasing potassium lowers blood pressure and is associated with lower
cardiovascular risk. Adequate iodine intake is important to prevent iodine deficiency disorders. Salt
iodization is a key strategy to prevent such deficiency. In Lithuania, no surveys have been performed
to directly assess sodium, potassium and iodine consumption. The aim of the present study was
to measure sodium, potassium and iodine intake in a randomly selected adult Lithuanian adult
population using 24 h urine collections, and to assess knowledge, attitudes and behavior towards
salt consumption. Salt and potassium intakes were estimated in 888 randomly selected participants
by 24 h urine sodium and potassium excretion and 679 individuals provided suitable 24 h urine
samples for the analysis of iodine excretion. Average salt intake was 10.0 (SD 5.3) g/24 h and average
potassium intake was 3.3 (SD 1.3) g/24 h. Only 12.5% of participants consumed less than 5 g/24 h
of salt. The median value of urinary iodine concentration (UIC) was 95.5 μg/L. Our study showed
that average salt intake is twice as high as the maximum level recommended by the World Health
Organization while potassium and iodine intakes in Lithuania are below the recommended levels
Word-Formation Patterns of Nomina Loci (Place Names) in German, English, and Lithuanian: A Case Study of Grimms’ Fairy Tales
Get PDFPurpose: The aim of this study is to conduct a comparative descriptive analysis of the grammatical word-formation systems for place nouns (hereinafter – Nomina
Loci) in German, English, and Lithuanian. A further aim is to design and apply a potential framework that would assist in categorizing Nomina Loci more accurately and
consequently reveal the true extent of this particular category of nouns
OntoLex-Morph: Morphology for the Web of Data
Get PDFPurpose: OntoLex-Lemon is a widely used community standard for publishing
lexical resources in machine-readable form, and is in fact the predominant RDF vocabulary for this purpose. With the growing popularity and increasing adoption of this
model for applications in both language technology and lexicography, a number of new
modules have been developed in the past year to complement the OntoLex core vocabulary and its lexicographic follow up, lexicog. In this paper, we describe the current status
of the development of the OntoLex-Morph vocabulary
Civil Liability of Contracting Authorities in Precontractual Relations
No full textThe author of the doctoral thesis „Civil liability of contracting authorities in precontractual
relations” comprehensively investigates various aspects of the regulation and
the application of the institute of civil liability of contracting authorities in precontractual
relations by balancing the interests of economic operators (suppliers) and contracting
authorities. The author analyses the mutual link between the procedures for conducting
procurement and the review procedures of decisions made therein; he also examines the
questions of the identification of precontractual liability of contracting authorities and the
relation to other remedies (request for annulment or amendment of unlawful decisions
including the decision to award a public procurement contract, as well as request for the
court to impose interim measures). The research presents in detail Lithuanian and EU legal
frameworks and their development, and their significance for jurisprudence, especially for the case law of the Supreme Court of Lithuania, which formed a unique model of compensation
for the damages of economic operators’. The author examines the prerequisites
and significant preconditions for the defence of economic operators’ rights. Furthermore,
the author analyses the activity of the courts in ensuring claimants’ (economic operators’)
right to be awarded compensation and the threats arising from this activity. The research
identifies the problems of the legal regulation and case law and suggests relevant solutions
Kognityvinės migracijos procesų modeliavimo technologijos švietime
No full textCC BY-NC-ND 4.0The cognitive model of regulating educational migration is constructed on the basis
of an oriented graph-structured scheme of causal relations between system elements. This model, in
contrast to others, combines factors, taking into account their interaction, leaving, and the educational conditions of foreigners, which in balance lead to educational migration. This model also determines the effects for the country, region, university, and individual migrants.
The cognitive model is the basis for developing a set of scenarios. Scenario modeling allows for
the identification of possible variants for the development of a situation, ways and mechanisms of
influencing the situation in order to achieve the desired results and avoid undesirable consequences,
and the development of a set of measures to influence the situation. Each scenario is characterized
by the initial data, the influence of management, and the obtained result. Thus, all possible variants
of system development are considered and the optimal management strategy is chosen to achieve the
desired goals.
Three core scenarios of development (optimistic, realistic, and pessimistic) were obtained on the
basis of the cognitive model of educational migration regulation. Given these scenarios, methodological recommendations can be formulated on the regulation of educational migration in order to attract
educational migrants to Ukraine from foreign countries. This will promote the interests of the social, economic, political, and demographic development of the country.
The implementation of the proposed measures to regulate educational migration will facilitate
the integration of domestic education and science into the global system, improve the quality of education and its competitiveness in international markets for educational services, increase income, and
offset the negative effects of Ukraine’s demographic decline
Vaikų karių atsakomybė už karo nusikaltimus
No full textAccording to the UN Secretary-General’s Annual Report
on Children and Armed Conflict, in 2020 more than 8,000 boys and
girls were drawn into frontline fighting. Children’s involvement in State
and non-State armed forces, armed groups, and terroristic groups arises
out of range of factors at the socio-economic and individual levels. The
vague nature of child soldiers as both victims of their recruiters and perpetrators
of actions against their communities deepens the legal loop of
the resolution of their criminal accountability.
Consequently, this analysis comes to the conclusion that the abandonment
of a pure “victimhood” approach in favour of dual status would
resolve the present legal impasse. In addition to this, the perception of
children as perpetrators would elucidate the complexity of the issue of
their criminal responsibility. Accordingly, an effective model of restorative
justice for child soldiers has to be established, where certain mitigating
factors would be taken into consideration, while amnesty should be
perceived as inadmissible
Recognition of Digital Content Needs for Inbound Marketing Solutions
Get PDFCC BY 4.0The paper aims to investigate users’ behavior regarding inbound marketing while consuming content, in particular, to reveal the source of the reasons and triggers affecting content need in
the case of long-consumption products. In the theoretical part of the article, the literature analysis is
conducted in order to build a theoretical background. The variety of theories of content values as well
as users’ decision-making processes are analyzed, and a conceptual view of the origins of content
need is formed, which states that the need for a specific type of content emerges under the conditions
of the consumer’s experienced gap of information or knowledge when in the stages of the buying
model. In order to test this hypothesis, empirical research—the survey—was conducted. The main
conclusion is that the decision-to-buy model makes a significant impact on the gap experienced by
the consumer of the content and has the potential to be used to reveal the need for different content
types in terms of its purposes