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Current situation on psychophysiological examinations using polygraph in Lithuania (conditions, methods and overview of examinations)
No full textThe article describes current situation on usage of
polygraph in Lithuania. The main attention is drawn to
the general overview and analysis of current situation. The
comprehensive statistical information on usage of polygraph
in criminal investigations for the last decade is shared. It
is worth to notice that polygraph can be used not only in
criminal investigations, but in intelligence and counterintelligence sphere, for preemployment purposes, for internal investigations, also – for post convicted sex offenders testing,
for domestic violence cases. There are current legal situation
on polygraph discussed along with the proposals for their
effective ammendments
University teaching in the context of societal changes
Get PDFCC BY-NC-ND 4.0Teaching is a part of socialization: both in society and for society. In this paper, the focus is on
the university level. The responsibility of higher education is significant: a new generation receives
the possibility to influence society over many decades. When talking about the quality of education,
different factors are important. One aspect which influences teaching and learning is the size of
study groups. For example – there are 8.4 students per one academic staff member at the top ten
universities, according to the World University Rankings. In Tallinn University, where I have been
teaching since 1997, this figure is 27.2. After a quarter of a century of teaching experience, it is
reasonable to reflect on the situation and ways of coping. In my classes, there have always been 35 or
more students. One way to handle big groups is the optimal use of energy, but optimality depends on
developments in society: different times predict specific behaviours and styles of teaching. Here, the
research method was a reflective approach to teaching. Teachers’ self-reflection supports education,
because the readiness to analyse processes both inside and outside the school increases objectivity.
The aim of this article is to analyse long-term experiences of teaching in the context of changing
norms: How can one keep both students and teachers as happy as possible when there is no manual
on how to deal with post-Soviet and/or other influences in society? This article concludes that, in
my case, teaching began through an approach of trial and error. Later, I started to be proactive: my
style of teaching changed in parallel with developments in society, and readiness to reflect become a
teaching method
Kriminalistikos biomechanikos genezė ir perspektyvos
Get PDFIn recent five or ten years in a criminalistic scientific community there has
been a clearly evident scientific discussion on a criminalistics science theory,
criminalistics system, matter of criminalistics and a relation of criminalistics
science to other scientific fields, primarily to forensic sciences with whom
criminalistics is closely connected. Due to proceeding scientific knowledge and
research of these scientific fields in past times somewhat related to criminalistics
this relation has been deepen step by step. Criminalistics also uses parts
of knowledge from other sciences in their unaltered form. It concerns mostly
forensic sciences, such as forensic medicine, forensic psychiatry, forensic psychology,
forensic engineering and recently also forensic biomechanics
Good feedback in distance studies: the concept of future teachers
No full textCC BY-NC-ND 4.0Pedagogical literature pays a lot of attention to feedback, discussing different types of feedback,
analyzing what constitutes good feedback, and looking for advanced feedback practices. Feedback
helps learners understand learning goals and anticipate areas for improvement, and student feedback
has a direct impact on a teacher’s professional development, which obliges educators to make
appropriate choices about activities and questions that provide information about the effectiveness of
their teaching. In the study process, feedback provides opportunities for the student to find out what
needs to be improved, the student receives useful information about what and how they understood,
what they did not understand and why, what mistakes they made, how to do better, and learns
recommendations for their more successful studies. M. Hast (2021) notes that, especially in distance
learning, in hybrid teaching, and in the COVID-19 situation, it is especially important to think
about organizing feedback, to find out what kind of feedback would be appropriate, and to consider
how to involve students in organizing distance feedback and study (Higher Education in COVID-19:
Implementing Online Feedback in a Different Way). Thus, it is important for prospective teachers
to study the concept of feedback by explaining what good feedback is, as this will allow teachers to
organize good feedback and student engagement more effectively.
This article raises the following questions: What is the concept of good feedback for future
educators in distance learning? What are the characteristics of feedback for future educators? The
aim of the article is to reveal the concept of good feedback in distance learning for future teachers.
The object of the research is the concept of good feedback for future teachers in distance learning.
To this end, a survey was organized in January–March 2021, and an analysis of literature sources
and legal acts was applied. The data collection method used was open questions and incomplete
sentences. Due to the COVID-19 situation, the investigation was conducted remotely, using an IT
tool suitable for anonymous investigation: Google Forms. Criteria selection was applied according
to the following criteria: a prospective teacher who has studied pedagogical studies for at least half a
year (semester), and has studied at least one semester at a distance
Postponement and/or instalment of execution of awards of national arbitral tribunals. Time to take regulatory updates?
No full textCC BY-NC-ND 4.0This article analyses the problematics of regulation of the institute of postponement and instalment of execution of arbitral awards adopted by arbitral (national) tribunals of the
Republic of Lithuania and seeks effective solutions to the stated problematics. The research revealed
that the Code of Civil Procedure of the Republic of Lithuania (CCP) and the Law on Commercial
Arbitration (LCA) do not regulate the institute of postponement and instalment of the execution of
national arbitral awards. For this reason, Lithuanian courts refuse to examine requests of the parties
to the arbitration proceedings regarding the postponement and/or instalment of the execution of national arbitral awards, i.e., refuse to protect the rights and interests of the parties to the arbitration
proceedings, whereas, in a similar case, the provisions of the CCP allow the Lithuanian courts to
postpone and/or install the execution of foreign arbitral awards upon the requests of the parties to
the arbitration proceedings. The study analysed the ways to eliminate the existing loopholes in the legal regulation of the CCP and the LCA, and it was concluded that these loopholes can be eliminated:
(1) by applying the analogy of law – on the basis of Article 284 of the CCP and Paragraph 4 of Ar-
ticle 41 of the LCA, local Lithuanian district courts can assume the competence and jurisdiction to
examine requests of concerned persons to postpone and/or install the execution of national arbitral
awards; (2) legislatively – by supplementing the LCA with a new Article 411 and by regulating the
institute of postponement and instalment of execution of national arbitral awards, thereby providing
the parties to the arbitration proceedings a legal certainty and clarity regarding the actual exercise
and protection of their rights and interests
Teisinės socialinio verslo prielaidos: perspektyvos pasirinktose Europos valstybėse ir Europos Sąjungos teisiniame reguliavime
No full textThis dissertation aims to determine legal preconditions of social entrepreneurship
in the European Union as well as in the particular EU and European Free Trade Association. It seeks to determine whether the legal regulation of social entrepreneurship is
adequate and identify potential weaknesses, differences, and contradictions of this legal
regulation in the EU, the particular EU and EFTA Member States. The dissertation also
tries to determine main elements of the definition of social entrepreneurship or social business, (and related definitions) based on legislation, scientific literature, and authors own
observations; to define the place of social entrepreneurship legal regulation in the legal
system of the EU and particular countries. Moreover, it provides a wide comparison of the
regulatory relationship of social entrepreneurship with other regulatory areas in the context of legal system (social innovation, CSR, legal technology, and such global initiatives
as the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals) in order to identify possibly best
regulation practices and to estimate the potential of social entrepreneurship
Modelling of Lithuanian Tourism Sector Development Tendencies by Increasing the Competitiveness of Tourism Regions in the Context of Sustainable Development
No full textThis dissertation aims to solve a scientific problem - to determine what the theoretical preconditions for
the development of the tourism sector (competitive advantages) are, and how the development of the
tourism sector can be modelled to increasing the competitiveness of tourism regions in the context of
sustainable development. The dissertation theoretically analyzes the problems of tourism sector development
management in the context of sustainability and the competitiveness of tourism regions, distinguishing the
factors of tourism region competitiveness, prepares a model of tourism sector development trends, increasing
the competitiveness of tourism regions in the context of sustainable development. Based on theoretical and
empirical research, a model of the Lithuanian tourism sector development trends increasing the
competitiveness of tourism regions in the context of sustainable development is presented. The doctoral
dissertation identifies trends in the development of the Lithuanian tourism sector in the context of sustainable
development, which are modelled through the management enabling the transformation of the tourism sector,
the growth of domestic tourism, the increasing mobility of the society, and the strengthening of the resilience of
the tourism sector
Human right to technological progress as the right to health: challenges of brain-computer interfaces
No full textCC BY-NC-ND 4.0The human right to technological developments constitutes a significant part of
the right to health, in particular when standard treatment of individuals is ineffective. Therapy
involving brain-computer interfaces is an area of technological progress that is used in health care
and is attracting the increased interest of researchers worldwide. However, the legal regulation
of the accessibility of such treatment techniques that are still in the research stage remains
a developing practice that is not supported by well-established national legal principles. As
a result, it is becoming more relevant for the science of law to explore how to ensure the balance
between the human right to technological progress and the right to health. In this light, this article
provides a summary of the risks of brain-computer interface technologies by revealing the main
predictions of legal regulation challenges. It shows that appropriate disclosure of the risks inherent
in brain-computer interface technologies is necessary for ensuring human rights in the context
of technological advancement. The article also highlights that proper implementation of free and
informed consent is one of the key instruments in the process of benefit and risk assessment. The
research is supported by the findings of neurotechnology researchers on the technical, ethical, and
social aspects of BCI impact
Criminal characteristics of cigarette smugglers
No full textBased on the value (in Euros) of goods seized within pre-trial investigations conducted
by the Customs of the Republic of Lithuania, a sharp increase in the smuggling of tobacco
products can be seen over the last three years, with the value amounting to 19 million Euros in
2018, 27 million Euros in 2019 and 59 million Euros in 2020. When assessing the volumes of
smuggling on the basis of the nature of collected packs of cigarettes, it was found that out of all
packs of tobacco products collected in 2019-2020, 27.3 percent were not accounted for. The
growing volumes of smuggling cause substantial damage to the economy of Lithuania, the
health of the population, and the tolerance of the public towards this criminal activity is
increasing. When preventing and investigating this type of crime, it is important to analyse the
personality characteristics of smugglers, to distinguish the most important criminal characteristics and to identify different profiles of cigarette smugglers. For this purpose, the
analysis covered 60 cases, which were heard by the Kaunas Regional Court in 2015 –2022, and
singled out 99 persons who were found guilty of cigarette smuggling. The theoretical analysis
distinguished 9 social and demographic characteristics and 14 criminal characteristics. Three
theoretically and empirically different profiles of cigarette smugglers were distinguished and
analysed using a two-step hierarchical analysis