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Forensic activity and expert provision of justice in Ukraine: international experience and European integration processes
No full textThe article is devoted to the problems of implementation
of the international experience of forensic activities in
Ukraine and the preparation of definition of European integration
processes regarding the expert provision of justice in
modern conditions. The author is paid attention to the issues
of legal regulation of judicial expert activity and the need
to harmonize the legislation of Ukraine in the context of its
European integration. The author is defined the role and directions of international
cooperation in the field of forensic expert activities.
Some documents of UN that define the purpose and objectives
of international cooperation in the field of forensic expertise
were analyzed. The features of international cooperation of forensic expert institutions within the limits of Interpol were
also considered. The importance of non-governmental international
organizations was determined in the context of reforming expert
institutions and the need for expert provision of justice.
The author is paid attention to the importance of the creation
and international expert organizations (associations) to support
the professional activities of forensic experts and respect
their rights
Psychometric Qualities of the Educational Identity Processes Scale (EIPS)
Get PDFCC BY 4.0In the educational domain, the development of identity becomes especially salient
during school transition phases. To assess the specific identity processes that match
the adolescents’ experiences before and after the school transition, the Educational
Identity Processes Scale (EIPS) was developed. The present study aimed to test the
psychometric qualities of the EIPS by examining its factor structure, the internal and
convergent validity of the identity dimensions, and whether the questionnaire was
measurement invariant over time. The pre-transition version was tested in a Dutch sample
(N = 242 early adolescents) and the post-transition version was tested in a Lithuanian
sample (N = 1,268 mid-adolescents). Findings indicated good psychometric qualities for
both the pre- and post-transition versions of the EIPS. Additionally, context dependencies
were observed, as distance to the transition influenced the meaning of specific identity
processes and determined whether specific processes could be considered as part of
normative development
Mokslinių įrodymų gavimo ir naudojimo kritika
Get PDFThe author points to a very low level of judicial and investigative practice,
with very low social credibility. He considers and states possible causes, despite
the quality training of judicial and security practitioners. He sees the reason
for the change in the quality of training of investigators as well as judicial staff,
those who ultimately decide in the preparation and implementation of the
judicial proceedings. Democratization processes have had a negative impact
not only in the wider society, but, unfortunately, also among prosecutors and
judges, and investigators are no exception. Most errors occur in the evaluation
of expert opinions, the quality and expertise of which is at a low professional
and moral level. However, there is a related problem for judges, who are often
unable to interpret expert opinions and monitor the qualifications and specialization
of experts. The recruitment of experts is formal and their activities are
not sufficiently controlled. Nor does formal attention is given to the assessment
of the legal correctness, probative value, or credibility of an expert opinion.
The author points out the failure of the state in the organization, provision and
control of expert activities and shows by examples that its scope is so high that
there must be a change in the structure and provision of expert institutions
May Measurement Month 2017–2019: an analysis of blood pressure screening results from Lithuania
Get PDFCC BY 4.0In 2017, Lithuania joined the global May Measurement Month (MMM) campaign which
aims at raising awareness of raised blood pressure worldwide. Presented here are
the data arising from the 2017, 2018, and 2019 campaigns. An opportunistic cross-sectional survey of individuals aged ≥18 years was carried out in Lithuania in 2017, 2018,
and 2019. Two thousand nine hundred and nineteen participants were recruited in the
MMM campaigns in response to the media engagement and interactions with the study
team. The mean age of participants was 46.1 years (SD 16.3) years, 58.9% were females. Blood pressures were measured using electronic devices provided by Omron according to the MMM protocol. Of the 2919 screened participants, 1308 (44.8%) had
hypertension. Of all hypertensive participants, the awareness rate, the treatment
rate, and the control rates (<140/90 mmHg) were 79.5%, 41.0%, and 14.2%, respectively. Of those on antihypertensive medication, the control rate was 34.8%. The high
percentage of participants with hypertension was either untreated (59.0%) or treated
but uncontrolled (65.2%) suggests the usefulness of such screening programmes to improve awareness of hypertension control in Lithuania
Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the economic development of EU countries
Get PDFCC BY 4.0One of the essential consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic is a slowdown in economic development, which is reflected in an integrated way by the Gross Domestic
Product per inhabitant of the country. However, its dimensions are not the same for
individual countries of the European Union, so it is crucial to determine what circumstances led to this phenomenon. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to determine
individual EU countries’ losses caused by the COVID-19 pandemic and the circumstances they depended on.
Correlation-regression analysis was used, which made it possible to calculate what effect the countries’ economic development level and the intensity of its positive changes
on the eve of the COVID-19 pandemic had on the losses incurred. In 2018, it was
found that this relationship is very strong (the value of the correlation coefficient r
equals 0.8 and 0.7, respectively). The study’s results highlighted the regularity – economic development slowed down the least in those countries where it was in the best
condition, and the positive development changes were the most intense. It was found
that in the ten most developed EU countries, economic growth slowed down because
of the COVID-19 pandemic by approximately 2.3%, and in the rest of the countries –
5.1%. According to the slow-down of economic development, insensitiveness was approximately 3.45 and 5.46%
Counter-detection activities of organized criminal groups
No full textCounter-detection measures taken by professional criminals,
members of organised crime groups and associations,
terrorists and extremists constitute an important dimension
of criminal activity. This issue is recognised by a narrow range
of practitioners in policing circles, e.g. according to Europol’s
position, so-called ‚counter-discovery’ measures are increasingly
becoming permanent elements of criminal strategy and tactics. The popularity of these techniques aimed at neutralising
police action, actively influencing ongoing criminal
proceedings, is clearly increasing and can be interpreted in
terms of the professionalisation of the criminal world
The Principle of Confidentiality in Attorneys’ Practice and its Limits
No full textIn this article, the author examines the problematic aspects of
the principle of confidentiality in attorneys’ practice. It is noted that Lithuanian
legal literature does not pay a lot of attention to this issue; only some
debatable aspects of the principle of confidentiality in attorneys’ practice were
examined in R. Drakšas’ study “Advokatas: veiklos pagrindai ir problemos”
and in a separate scientific study by a team of authors – “Advokatūros teisė.” It
should be emphasized that the profession of attorney is one of the professions
which are subject to higher, stricter standards of conduct; therefore, it is considered
that the emerging theoretical and practical problems of attorneys’ practice
should be discussed and resolved in one way or another. Therefore, the purpose
of this article is to start a scientific discussion by assessing the requirements of
the principle of attorney confidentiality and the issues of their contradiction.
Only by sharing views can the problems that arise in practice be best addressed.
Finally, after a detailed analysis, the author presents several conclusions and
further suggestions for the evaluation of the principle of confidentiality. In the
author’s opinion, the very act of a client contacting an attorney and providing
information and preliminary data should constitute professional secrets of the
attorney. A professional secret is considered to be everything that an attorney
learned from a client, directly or indirectly, from the moment they approached
a particular attorney for legal assistance. The client’s fundamental right to confidentiality
cannot be denied, even if the attorney does not accept the order
because they are unable to perform their duties in a timely and proper manner
due to lack of time or professional incompetence. In this article, the author sets
out the arguments and suggests that Article 8 (4) of the Attorney ethics code is
supplemented with an additional point stating that the attorney has the right
to disclose information constituting lawyers’ professional secrecy without the
client’s consent in order to prevent a grievous crime. Finally, the author makes
a proposal to set a term of validity of the confidentiality of a lawyer’s professional secrecy. It is understood that the client’s name, year of birth, occupation,
and workplace data could be protected for less time than information relating
to disciplinary sanctions, administrative offenses, convictions and criminal offenses,
or health data. Information relating to the rights of the individual, the
protection of honor and dignity, privacy, personal identification number, etc.,
could be protected for the longest time
Mediation in the World and in Ukraine: History, Development, and Current Perspectives
Get PDFAlthough mediation is considered one of the most popular
ways of consensual dispute resolution, for many years, mediation in
Ukraine had no legislative regulation. This was one of the obstacles that
restrained the development of alternative dispute resolution in Ukraine,
even though the mediation community had been growing. Eventually,
the Law of Ukraine “On Mediation” was adopted on November 16, 2021.
This article presents diverse approaches towards adopting and perceiving
mediation in the world, particularly in the EU, USA, and Ukraine. The
formation and legislative integration of mediation, including the comparison
of primary sources, legal documents, and scientific approaches,
is analyzed. This article is devoted to the distinctive features of the new
Ukrainian legislative mediation regulation that are decisive for the national
mediation model
Mandatory paternity leave. Is it welcome by working men in Lithuania?
Get PDFCC BY-NC 4.0Purpose – to disclose the opinion of working men about the plans to introduce a law
changes on mandatory paternity leave in Lithuania
Analytical review on the legality of branded content in MasterChef España
Get PDFCC - BY 4.0MasterChef Spain is a tv-programme on
Radiotelevisión Española, the state public
medium, which operates under a specific
financing law. This law prohibits advertising
and permits the use of sponsorship only within
specific limits. Since the programme began
in 2013, brands with advertising interest have
appeared in it, frequently masked in hybrid
formats such as branded content. Our research
considers whether these brands exceed the
legal limits of sponsorship, leading to examples
of covert advertising, another illegal practice.
Methodologically, we combine documentary
research with content analysis. The results
describe the advertising representation and
relevance of these brands. In turn, they provide
evidence on the existence of advertising
contracts in MasterChef that justify the
promotion of certain institutions through the
branded content format, a new infraction since
paid institutional advertising is not permitted
on Radiotelevisión Española. The original
contributions are the specific analysis instrument
to question the legality of branded content on
public television in Spain and the documentary
evidence of the contracts. Among the study’s
limitations, we consider the problematic access
to private brands accounts; this would open a
new line of research in which we would seek
advertising contracts for private brands present
in MasterChef