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The advantages and disadvantages of lay participation models in Denmark, Sweden and Finland
No full textCC BY-NC-ND 4.0Twenty-two EU member states, including Denmark, Sweden, and Finland, oblige
some lay participation (lay judges/jury) in the administration of justice. However, the models of
this institute differ among countries. Based on the analysis of lay participation models in Denmark,
Sweden, and Finland, this article aims to point out and describe their advantages and disadvantages.
To achieve this aim, qualitative research was carried out. The methods employed for data collection
included thematic analysis and document selection. Document content analysis (i.e., the analysis
of research papers, scientific literature on the topic, the Constitutions of Denmark, Sweden, and
Finland, and other international and national legislation) was applied for data processing, and the
methods of a dogmatic and comparative analysis were employed for data analysis. The findings
of the research disclose that lay judges and jurors are ordinary citizens who work together with
legal judges to decide several different types of criminal cases in the Danish and Swedish district
and regional courts. Meanwhile, Sweden also has this institute in civil and administrative cases.
Finland has only lay judges in criminal cases. This article is divided into four sections: the first
section discusses the advantages and disadvantages of the Danish model; the second outlines the
Swedish model; and the third describes the Finnish model. The last section compares these models
and provides a discussion on the issue. Finally, the article provides conclusions based on the analysis
of scientific sources and documents, and the results
Using Distance Communication and Collaboration Tools for General Social Services
Full text linkCC BY 4.0This paper discusses the use of communication and collaboration tools in the delivery
of social services, based on the results of a qualitative study. The research question is what
kind of remote communication and collaboration tools are used by social workers in the
provision of social services. The paper focuses on the use of telecommunication and
collaboration tools by social workers in their service delivery and activities. The study involved
22 social workers employed in social institutions in different parts of Lithuania providing
complex services to families.
The study found that social workers use mobile devices and that the most convenient and
acceptable means of remote communication and collaboration are learning environments,
audio and video data storage (YouTube), conferencing and chat software (MS Teams, Zoom,
Google Meet, Skype, Facebook Messenger, Viber, WhatsApp, Board Connect, Telegram),
social networks (Facebook, Messenger), technical means (smart phone, computer, Internet
connection)
The Use of Fintech and Its Impact on Financial Intermediation – A Comparison of Saudi Arabia with Other GCC Economies
Full text linkCC BY-NC-ND 4.0This study analyses the use of Fintech/digital finance in Saudi Arabia, comparing
the use of various digital finance tools across other Gulf Cooperation Countries (GCC). The study
uses the Global Financial Development Indicators Data from 2011, 2014, and 2018 published by
the World bank. Graphical trend analysis, covariance, and correlation analysis are used to examine
the role of digital payments, the use of the credit card, and use of the debit card to find out their
impact on Fintech and the distribution of credit to the private sector. The results suggest that the use
of financial technology is increasing in the GCC region, and the use of digital payments, debit cards,
and credit cards have a linear dependence on each other and positively contribute to the distribution
of credit to the private sector – hence, to financial intermediation in certain aspects. The results also
show that Saudi Arabia is ranked four among six regional economies in terms of the use of digital
finance. It is also observed that the country has potential for Fintech growth both in terms of supply
and demand. To tap into this potential, regulators have introduced a regulatory sandbox to facilitate
Fintech startups. Based on the evaluation, cooperation among traditional financial institutions, Fintech startups, technology companies, regulators, and academia could reduce the potential challenges
and enhance Fintech in Saudi Arabia
The Drėlingas case, the limits of law, and new avenues for repair of and resistance to genocide
Full text linkThe Drėlingas decision corrected the failure of the Vasiliauskas case to establish
that the Soviet Union committed genocide through its targeting of Lithuanian resisters
to a campaign of denationalization. This approach was required because of the UN
Genocide Convention’s limitations, but the cost of success was ignoring the political
aspect of this genocide, which is inseparable from its national aspect. The decision also
reinforced the Convention’s flawed focus on individuals rather than the social formations
that actually commit genocide – in this case, the Soviet Union. The most significant
implication of Drėlingas, however, is its determination that those who engaged
in armed resistance to a process less than genocidal could themselves be victims of
genocide. The Drėlingas decision thus provides a profoundly important counterbalance
to the prevailing tendency to treat resistance to oppression as participation in a mutual
conflict disallowing genocidal victimization and the pervasive prejudicial preference for
helpless victims
The concerns of medical waste management during covid-19 pandemic
Full text linkCC BY-NC 4.0The COVID-19 pandemic had a significant impact not only to the social, legal, behavioural and
medical fields, but to the environment and to a waste management system as well. The COVID-19
pandemic “reported 356 million cases globally with a staggering rise in biomedical waste. India has
recorded a rise of 200 tons per day of biomedical waste generation” (Kaushal, R., et al., 2022), therefore
the situation of the increase of plastic in biomedical waste, was caused by the raising numbers of usage
of gloves, PPE kits, masks etc., which were used to cope with the spread of the pandemic. According to
the Olaniyi F. C., et al., “The nonenforcement of medical waste management are currently unable to cope
with the enormous amount of the medical waste. Medical waste are being generated and illegal dumping
in unapproved sites” (2018), thus after the pandemic this problem has increased significantly
Specialistų, užtikrinančių vaiko apsaugą nuo smurto, patirtys
No full textCC BY 4.0Violence leaves long-lasting scars on children's lives and protecting children from
violence remains an important and pressing issue for researchers, public policy makers and public
service professionals. This article aims to reveal the experiences of professionals who ensure the
protection of children from violence. The following tasks have been set: first, to define a theoretical
approach to the practical protection of children from domestic violence; second, to determine the
peculiarities of ensuring the protection of children from violence by means of analysis of the
experience of specialists. The study used semi-structured interviews. The research in municipality N
revealed that various specialists from state and non-governmental institutions are involved in the
process: psychologists, child protection specialists, social workers, social educators, employees of
medical institutions, mobile teams, police representatives and children's day care centers. The study
results showed that one of the most significant positive aspects of ensuring the protection of children
from post-reform violence is an established case management position and having a mobile team.
The following advantages of providing mobile team support tools have emerged: identifying the initial
difficulties of family members and a thorough, in-depth analysis of the problem across a wide range
of areas of life; intensive involvement of professionals in assisting the family and the child. The study
highlighted the main work challenges that professionals have to overcome: quality assurance at work,
emotional experiences at work, the need for psychological support, the ability to manage stressful
situations, working with problem adolescents, parental aggression and the reluctance of children and
parents to accept help. There are various obstacles in implementing the assistance plan for
professionals (unopened investigation, lack of services and availability of services) and therefore it
is necessary to find ways to overcome these obstacles
The possibilities of combating so-called disinformation in the context of the European Union legal framework and of constitutional guarantees of freedom of expression in the European Union member states
Full text linkCC BYFreedom of expression and the right of access to and use of information are fundamental human rights that are
crucial for the functioning of democracy but also, for example, for the exercise of freedom of thought and scientific research.
At present, the public debate on the need to combat so-called disinformation, to create a legal framework for its suppression
and, if necessary, even to punish it, including the application of criminal repression, has gained momentum. This complex
topic is not only discussed at the national level – it is a global issue. The invasion of Ukraine by the Russian Federation has
opened up discussions in this area with new intensity, both in the Member States of the European Union and in the Union
itself. This is not a simple issue, because the fight against disinformation and fake news borders very closely on the issue of
censorship. All these issues are the subject of the present article, which focuses on the law and decisions of the European
Union, the Republic of Poland and the Czech Republic. Restricting and blocking selected websites for political reasons is
new in the EU Member States. This is also why the necessary debate on the nature and permissibility of such measures has
not yet developed. The present article aims to contribute to this discussion, both from a comparative point of view and by
presenting the details of the legal regulation in the Czech Republic in the context of EU law and in comparison with the legal
systems of selected member states of the European Union
