Mykolas Romeris University Institutional Repository
Not a member yet
8023 research outputs found
Sort by
Morphological Complexity of Children Narratives in Eight Languages
Full text linkCC-BY-NC 4.0The aim of this study was to compare the morphological complexity in a corpus representing the language production of
younger and older children across different languages. The language samples were taken from the Frog Story subcorpus of the
CHILDES corpora, which comprises oral narratives collected by various researchers between 1990 and 2005. We extracted
narratives by typically developing, monolingual, middle-class children. Additionally, samples of Lithuanian language,
collected according to the same principles, were added. The corpus comprises 249 narratives evenly distributed across eight
languages: Croatian, English, French, German, Italian, Lithuanian, Russian and Spanish. Two subcorpora were formed for
each language: a younger children corpus and an older children corpus. Four measures of morphological complexity were
calculated for each subcorpus: Bane, Kolmogorov, Word entropy and Relative entropy of word structure. The results showed
that younger children corpora had lower morphological complexity than older children corpora for all four measures for
Spanish and Russian. Reversed results were obtained for English and French, and the results for the remaining four languages
showed variation. Relative entropy of word structure proved to be indicative of age differences. Word entropy and relative
entropy of word structure show potential to demonstrate typological differences
The legal doctrinal definition of the NFT and problems related to it, linked to the European Union model for regulating legal relations in crypto
No full textCC BY-NC-ND 4.0This article explores the content of the term Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs) and the
main features of this digital technology. The author explains the meaning of the concept of an NFT,
distinguishes the key elements of the concept and gives a relative example of NFTs in order to clarify
the principle of operation of NFT technology and the exclusivity of other types of crypto assets. This
article also highlights the problems associated with the complex structure of the meaning of the concept of NFTS in the context of the object of law regulation. The peculiarities of NFTs as asset values
and the relationship with other objects governed by private law, such as intellectual property, goods,
services, securities, etc., are also revealed.
The second part of this article focuses on the analysis of the draft regulation of the European
Union on Markets in Crypto-assets and amending Directive (EU)2019/1973 (MiCA). Article 3 of
the draft in question is briefly discussed, which introduces the term ‘Crypto-assets’ and defines their
types. Since the term ‘MiCA’ is not directly established in the project, it is analysed to which of the
categories such a derivative could be classified according to the defined characteristics of the concept.
The author also explains the problems that may become apparent due to the lack of a separate type
of crypto asset, linking the latter with licensing, speculation, storage, and registration issues
A comparative analysis of informed consent legislation in Ukrainian and Latvian legislation and case law
Full text linkCC BYThe paper is dedicated to the comparative research of the views of the students representing the universities of three countries
in terms of usefulness (necessity) of studying the criminalistic disciplines for future legal professionals. The core of this research is a
coordinated and unified questionnaire study of 758 students from three Universities in Lithuania (Mykolas Romeris University), Ukraine
(Yaroslav Mudryi National Law University) and Poland (University of Wroclaw). Modern pedagogics considers students to be not only
future professionals, but likewise active participants in improving the didactic process. In recent decades, criminalistics has become
increasingly important. This paper is a fragment of a broader study that is aimed not only at investigating the current situation in the
criminalistic didactics of these countries in the run-up to the creation of a single European criminalistic space, but it is likewise aimed at
future professionals, educators and managers of educational institutions, who are to implement this idea. The paper is not only a presentation
of law students’ views on expediency and necessity of studying criminalistics and other disciplines of criminalistic orientation important
for their future professional activities, but it should likewise become a kind of guide to action for teachers and administration of universities,
i.e. to improve substantive and organizational as well as methodological aspects of criminalistic didactics. The given technique of research
of students’ views can be successfully applied when addressing the problems of teaching other disciplines
Factors Forming the Image of the Police Officer
Full text linkThe article analyses the overall attitude that society holds towards serving police officers who swear an
oath to serve the law and humans. On this basis, officials must maintain a close relationship with the public and
foster a positive image in its eyes. Due to the dynamic social changes taking place in society, the image and its
determinants need to be constantly explored. Otherwise, the work of police officers with the population will be
meaningless and unsuccessful. Failure to reach this goal could negatively affect the performance of the police
force, the stability of our societal norms may also be at risk. An image is generally seen as a set of factors that
affect emotions, behavior, relationships, and include communication and personal feelings when evaluating an
organization. A positive image increases the public trust, support and willingness to cooperate. Public relations
are considered as one of the most important factors shaping the image.
The object of the article is the image of a police officer, the main object of this thesis is to reveal the overall
image of a modern police officer and unveil factors that affect it. To achieve this aims the thesis set out three tasks:
to examine the concept of the image and its importance to public relations, identify the factors influencing the
image of police officers, and investigate how society values police officers. The methods of systematic-structural
analysis of scientific literature, questionnaire and mathematical analysis, as well as generalization are applied in
the thesis.
The article has concluded that the public holds a positive overall image of police officers. The image of
officers is formed by personal, relatives and friends experiences, media reports, and by legal acts and normative
documents regulating police activities. Also, the personal qualities, legal competence, appearance in the service,
corruption and conduct on and off duty. Quantitive research participants opinion the formation of the image in
society works strongly is: first of all, the personal qualities of officials, followed by the competence, work
knowledge and professionalism of officials
The Melno peace - building sustainable security in Central Europe: a socio-cultural approach
Full text linkThe Melno peace is a peace treaty between the Kingdom of Poland, the Grand Duchy of Lithuania
(GDL) and the German (Teutonic) Order signed on September 27, 1422, which established the border between
GDL and the Order. It is one of the oldest and most stable cross-border borders in Europe, which has remained
unchanged for 600 years. Now it is the state border between the Republic Of Lithuania, the Russian Federation
and the external border of the European Union. Such long-term stability of this border leads to the need to reveal
the prerequisites and reasons for the observance of the Melno peace.
The long-term nature of the Melno peace is examined not from a historical but from a socio-cultural point of view.
This is due to the internal relationship between peace and security. Security is a state of protection and self-
protection from dangers and confidence in own knowledge. This threefold interpretation of the meaning of security
is conditioned by the fact that security itself expresses a relationship in which there are no threats to the
participants in the relationship. Peace is a form of security functioning. This is the absence of violent conflicts
between individuals and their groups. The socio-cultural point of view is the interpretation of human relations,
their interaction and expression of activity, based on the protection of natural rights.
From a socio-cultural point of view, the signing of the peace of Melno marks the beginning of real integration of
the Grand Duchy of Lithuania into Latin European civilization. This approach differs from the historical
approach, since according to it, the integration of GDL begins from 1387, when the King of Poland and the Grand
Duke of GDL Jogaila baptized the entire land. However, real conditions for integration were formed and
developed only with the weakening of the aggression of the German (Teutonic) Order and its transformation into
a secular one, the Duchy of Prussia. The secular Duchy of Prussia actively participated in creating socio-cultural
changes in the western part of GDL.
The weakening of the Order's power is a primary but insufficient prerequisite for the longevity of the Melno peace.
Other reasons for the longevity of the Melno peace are revealed while examining the integration of GDL into
European culture and civilization. From a socio-cultural point of view, the integration of GDL into European
civilization took place through the development of economic and cultural relations with the states of Central
Eastern Europe and targeted adoption of their experience. It was the Melno peace that opened the real paths of
integration of GDL into European culture and civilization. The main features of this integration were gradual
establishment of sustainable security in Užnemunė (Sudovia), adoption of the western experience of state economic
management, changes in law, culture and education in the context of dissemination of Renaissance and
Reformation ideas
Ethical aspects of criminal intelligence
No full textThe article analyzes the ethical aspects of criminal intelligence at a theoretical and empirical
level. The problem of the investigation is specified by the following questions: Do criminal intelligence
activities not violate human rights and freedoms through the use of coercive procedural measures? How
do criminal intelligence officers understand the importance of professional ethics in the service? The
object of research: ethical aspects in the field of criminal intelligence. The aim of the research is to
analyze the ethical aspects in the field of criminal intelligence, taking into account the ways in which
criminal intelligence operates. Objectives of the research: 1) after revealing the concept of criminal
intelligence to discuss the ways in which criminal intelligence operates with ethical problems; 2) to
investigate and evaluate the attitudes of criminal intelligence officers towards the importance of
professional ethics in the service. Research methods: analysis of scientific literature and legal acts,
analysis of court practice, generalization, method of qualitative research data collection - survey
(structural interview), method of data analysis - descriptive-interpretative analysis.
In the performance of its functions, criminal intelligence also performs the application of
procedural coercive measures. It is because of these measures that people are often outraged and seek
the truth about whether human constitutional rights have been violated. Also, during the execution of
procedural coercive measures such as actions of imitating a criminal act, and covert surveillance it is
monitored whether the limits of ethical conduct have not been exceeded. Criminal intelligence officers,
in the performance of their duties, perform them lawfully, e. i. in accordance with the law. Every legal act protects the constitutional, natural rights of a person. However, there are exceptions that these rights
may be violated if it is required to stop the crime, protect the state or protect the human rights and
freedoms. Criminal intelligence is driven by good intentions, and the pursuit of good overcoming evil is
more important than allowing evil to spread. Every act of criminal intelligence is considered moral if it
does not violate legal norms. Based on the results of the empirical study, it can be concluded that
criminal intelligence officers are aware of the importance of professional ethics in their profession.
Officials set out the most important principles to be followed in their work as tolerance, honesty, respect
for others, loyalty, impartiality, service to society, and other values. However, one of the most important
features of the professional ethics of criminal intelligence was not mentioned - confidentiality.
Therefore, not only do well-known legislations help to achieve good results in this profession, but also
their intrinsic values that help others to protect their natural rights
Skaitmeninės priemonės viešųjų pirkimų efektyvumui gerinti Kazachstano Respublikoje
No full textCC BY-NC-ND 4.0The issue of public procurement effectiveness is becoming increasingly relevant in the
context of the observed budget deficit in Kazakhstan.
In this article, business processes related to ensuring the best combination of low price and quality in public procurement as the main indicators of procurement efficiency are studied and described
in more depth. Considering the problems of public procurement efficiency, many researchers analyze
the supplier identification stage. However, in the procurement of works, the execution phase is equally,
if not more, important for efficiency.
Analysis of the work execution process in Kazakhstan revealed problems related to quality control of the work performed and the construction materials used, as well as limited competition in their
procurement. The high degree of the human factor’s presence in the quality assurance process and the
low availability of information about the demand for goods creates the risk of purchasing poor-quality
goods at a high price.
While the effectiveness of using big data in the decision-making process is universally proven,
information in the public procurement system is not accumulated properly.
In this regard, to ensure the best combination of price and quality of work, the authors propose
a model of public procurement of works using digital tools
Ukrainos eurointegracija ir švietimo sektoriaus reforma
No full textCC BY-NC-ND 4.0In this paper, trends in the development of Ukraine’s education sector in the context
of the country’s European integration are revealed. This is accomplished through research into the
dynamics of changes in the basic indicators of the development level of the sector in the 1990–2019
period on the basis of state statistical reporting. The purpose of this article is to establish the dynamics
and directions of changes in the main indicators of pre-school, general secondary, vocational, and
higher education. Further, this article seeks to provide an objective and sound assessment of the public
authorities regarding the implementation of the state policy of reforming the Ukrainian education
sector in accordance with the European integration concept
Theoretical Basics of Stylized Colloquial Speech Functioning in Works of Fiction
Full text linkPurpose: The purpose of this research lies in an extended analysis of stylized
colloquial speech functioning in the language of fiction, identifying its differences from
colloquial speech and the clarification of their functions