“Lituanistika”, International Research Database
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The Impact of the Covid-19 pandemic and the war between Russia and Ukraine on electricity prices in selected European countries in 2022 in terms of economic security
No full textThe research includes a multidimensional comparative analysis of electricity prices in 28 European countries for non-household consumers. The highest energy prices in the first half of 2022 were also ranked in the respective analyzed countries. Increases in electricity prices for non-household consumers were examined in terms of percentage and value from the second half of 2019 to the first half of 2022 and the increases were ranked. Their leader in terms of percentage and value was Greece with the result of 353,50 % which constitutes EUR 0,288 of the price increase per 1 KWh in the considered time period. A multiple regression model was also built and showed that the time series of natural gas price quotations had an impact on the increase in electricity prices for non-household consumers. Keywords: price; electricity prices; COVID-19; war between Russia and Ukraine; economic security
Napoleon's correspondence in Lithuania
No full textNapoleono BONAPARTO (1769–1821) laiškų rinkiniai sudaro 36 didelius tomus. Tarp jų yra ir 139 laiškai, kuriuos Prancūzijos imperatorius rašė viešėdamas Lietuvoje 1812-ųjų birželį ir liepą. Daugumoje laiškų sprendžiami logistiniai kariuomenės organizavimo ir kariavimo klausimai. Tačiau keli asmeniniai komentarai ir šalutinės pastabos atskleidžia imperatoriaus nuotaikas būnant Lietuvoje, ankstyvojoje karo stadijoje. Kultūros istorikas Josephas EVERATTAS kruopščiai nagrinėja korespondenciją ir siekia praplėsti supratimą apie imperatoriaus nuotaikas, žinias apie okupuotą kraštą ir bendravimo su generolais sunkumus karo metu.The collected letters of Napoleon BONAPARTE (1769–1821) fill 36 large volumes. Included in this huge body of correspondence are 139 letters that the French emperor wrote while he was in Lithuania in June and July of 1812. Most of the letters deal with the logistical issues of organising the army and waging war. However, a few notes and personal comments reveal his mood while he was in Lithuania during the early part of the war. The cultural historian Joseph EVERATT sifts through this correspondence to see what we can learn about the emperor’s mood, his knowledge of the occupied country, and the difficulties of communicating with his generals in times of war
Lublin triangle in Europe’s economic security system in the context of the Russian-Ukrainian war of 2014-2022
No full textFormulation of the problem. At the present historical stage, the issue of European continental security is becoming especially relevant against the background of Russian aggression. This is obvious and hardly questionable. Ukraine has always played the role of a defender of Western civilization in European history. Apart from Ukraine, Poland and Lithuania have performed and continue to perform the same function. Speaking in the language of historical analogies and comparisons, it is impossible in this aspect not to mention such a large and powerful state formation as the Commonwealth. Ironically, this state also emerged against the background of Muscovy's expansion in the east. The need for common security in Central Europe has always been and remains relevant. Lithuania, Poland and Ukraine are at the forefront of Europe's sustainable development. Today it is the forefront of the entire civilized world. Therefore, the formation of the Lublin Triangle between Kyiv, Warsaw and Vilnius is a historical, political, economic, humanitarian necessity. In fact, the Lublin Triangle is a tripartite regional alliance for political, economic, cultural and social cooperation between Lithuania, Poland and Ukraine, aimed at strengthening dialogue between countries, supporting Ukraine's integration into the European Union and NATO and jointly countering Russian aggression in Ukraine. The idea of such a union belonged to Vyacheslav Chornovil and Adam Czartoryski. The economic component of this association is extremely important, as it is the basis for the formation of a system of sustainable development of the region. European aggression is contrasted with European balance and economic stability. Analysis of recent research and publications. The theme of the Lublin Triangle and the importance of this organization in the modern development of Europe is becoming increasingly important. However, this issue is still more in the political and journalistic sphere of consideration. Economic research on this topic has not yet been developed. Although some attempts are being made. Rather, the scientific issues themselves are determined, which in the future will have different areas of research. The purpose of this study is to analyze the state and prospects of the unification of Poland, Lithuania and Ukraine as a stabilizing economic factor in the security system of Europe within the framework of the Lublin Triangle. Results of the research. The analysis of this issue proves that the unification of the three states - Poland, Lithuania and Ukraine, within the Lublin Triangle has serious prospects and can act as a powerful formation in the economic security of Europe, especially in the context of Russian military expansion. Conclusions. The Lublin Triangle, as an intergovernmental union, is primarily designed to counter Russian aggression and pressure on the European Union. The role of Ukraine, Lithuania and Poland for many centuries has been to protect the European continent from Russia's imperial advance on Europe and to slow down the development of European countries. At the present time, this problem has become very acute and significant. The countries of the Lublin Triangle have a strong economic potential, are of serious trade and communication interest in the North-South, West-East directions, and are a kind of outpost in defense of Western civilization. The Lublin Triangle political union is quite capable of economically protecting Europe from the negative impact of Russia's expansion on the EU. Key words: Lublin Triangle, Poland, Lithuania, Ukraine, economic security, Russian-Ukrainian war
Transformative teacher leadership experiences in schools in creating an innovative educational culture: the case of Lithuania
No full textThe importance of teacher leaders has been increasingly emphasized in innovative educational practices. In this study, we present the experiences of innovative teacher leaders (N = 10) in Lithuania. The sample of respondents is qualitative-purposive. Teachers who have been awarded for their innovative practice took part in the study. In addition, teachers nominated by their school communities as innovative educators who are making a difference in their schools were also included. The data analyzed by the method of critical analysis of qualitative research discourse will help the reader understand what helps teacher leaders develop innovative educational culture practices. Additionally, the data reveal how teacher leaders themselves understand leadership, which motivates them to work innovatively. We found that innovative teachers in Lithuania perceive the phenomenon of transformational leadership in four categories, namely: attention to others, initiating change, community building, development, and improvement. The participants in the study also described the meaning of innovative teacher behavior, which is revealed in the analysis of two categories: quality of education and educational change. The third component, innovative organizational culture, was discussed by presenting teachers’ insights on three categories: planning, implementation, and motivation. Teacher leaders support, create and nurture a culture of innovation by motivating and encouraging their colleagues to improve. The findings of this study are useful for school communities wanting to make changes, as they provide answers to what motivates teachers to change their practices and to mobilise other educators for common goals. Subjects: Sustainability Education, Training & Leadership; Teachers & Teacher Education; Educational Research. Keywords: transformative leadership; innovation; educational culture; teachers
E-Management as a game changer in local public administration
No full textThe rapid development of digital technologies provides an efficient way to overcome the drawbacks of traditional management. E-management, a new form of management, is attracting much attention worldwide. The current research is aimed at examining the development of emanagement in public sector organizations and anticipating possible alternatives for solving emanagement problems. We use a qualitative strategy to explain the concept, specifics, benefits, drivers, situation, and progress of e-management in the public sector. Based on interviews with managers at local public administration institutions in Lithuania, we conclude that e-management in municipalities until the COVID-19 pandemic was applied only in exceptional cases due to legislation and workplace stationarity. However, at the moment, e-management in municipality administrations is treated not as an alternative but as the only possible choice. Keywords: e-government; digital management; e-leadership; technologies; municipalitie
Welfare regimes and social workers' conceptions of social problems and professional roles
No full textThis article compares social work in countries representing four different welfare regimes: Chile, the Republic of Ireland (refer to elsewhere as ‘Ireland’), Lithuania and Sweden. The aim is to examine how social workers in different contexts refer to families’ complex needs, how contextual factors influence social workers’ positions and actions, and how they make sense of their work. Social workers in 15 focus groups, 4 per country except for Chile with 3, were interviewed about their conceptions of ‘family’, ‘families with complex needs’, and reasoning about interventions in relation to a fictitious complex case vignette. The understanding of complex needs appears relatively individualized in Chile and Lithuania, while contextual factors were more pronounced in the Irish and Swedish material. Chile, exemplifying a familialized family policy regime, reflects a poverty-compensatory social worker role that also supports familial reproduction; Ireland, a partly de-familialized regime, reflects a supportive and risk-reactive role; Lithuania, a re-familialized regime reflects a patriarchal risk-reducing role and Sweden, a de-familialized policy regime, reflects a rights-oriented and technocratic role. Welfare regimes shape different social work practice contexts. However, to some extent, social workers around the world share a common work ethos in how they, for the best interest of the people they work with, deal with the cross-pressure from social problems and political-ideological priorities. Keywords: welfare systems, family, social work, vignette study, complex needs
Protesty na Litwie w dobie pandemii
No full textThe COVID-19 caused a global crisis of an unprecedented scale. In order to contain the spread of the virus, governments took instant measures, adopting new legal regulations which included restrictions and limitations in the sphere of constitutional rights and freedoms. The aim of the paper is to discuss protesters’ actions and their different forms, and to analyse the response of law enforcement officers who secured demonstrations. I undertook to find the answers to two fundamental research questions: What action did protesters take during the pandemic in Lithuania? What was the character and intensity of the surveillance, intimidation and presence of the police during demonstrations? The research covers the period from 11 March 2020, when the World Health Or ganization declared the pandemic, to the autumn of 2021, when anti-vaccine protests took place in Lithuania. In the study, I applied the institutional and legal analysis, as well as the qualitative source analysis. Keywords: Police, anti-lockdown protests, protest policing, Contentious politics, Coronavirus Crisis, Lithuania
Belarus-sponsored migration movements and the response by Lithuania, Latvia, and Poland: a critical appraisal
No full textLithuania, Latvia, and Poland have amended their legislation to respond to the increased migration flows caused by the policies of instrumentalisation of migrants implemented by the Belarusian government. This Insight illustrates these responses and shows how these EU Member States instrumentalised border tensions with Belarus to adopt restrictive migration policies impacting the rights of people on the move. Such legislative changes follow a paradigm shift at the EU level, in light of which third country nationals who are subject to instrumentalisation are qualified as hybrid threats. As a consequence, EU migration management policies legitimise national restrictive border control measures into the EU legal framework, to prevent the entry of foreign persons into the EU territory. Such a policy approach confirms a chronic inability of the EU to respond effectively and uniformly to mass migration movements, thus driving hostile third States to perpetrate hybrid attacks, such as instrumentalisation of migration practices, to gain political or economic advantages over the EU and its Member States. This Insight argues that EU migration and asylum policies must conform to the highest standards of fundamental rights protection to avert future hybrid attacks in the form of migration instrumentalisation practices. Furthermore, the EU should abandon a securitization rationale that equates people on the move as security threats, thus legitimizing their dehu-manisation and disregarding their rights. KEYWORDS: borders – fundamental rights – migration – asylum – instrumentalization – hybrid attacks
Grodno Tatar flag of the army census in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania in 1565: weaponry, horses, index of names
No full textXVI amžiuje vyko trys Lietuvos Didžiosios Kunigaikštystės kariuomenės surašymai – 1528 metų, 1565 metų ir 1567 metų. Visuose surašymuose, be LDK bajorų, įrašyti ir kariuomenėje tarnavę teisėmis bajorams artimi totoriai. 1565 m. LDK kariuomenės surašymo Totorių registras vadinasi Татаре Литовские. Jame įrašytos keturios Lietuvos totorių vėliavos: Vilniaus (Хоруговъ Виленская), Gardino (Хоруговъ Городенская), Trakų (Хоруговъ Троцкая) ir Naugarduko (Хоруговъ Новогродская). Šio straipsnio objektas – 1565 m. LDK kariuomenės surašymo Gardino totorių vėliava.There are 16 people listed in the Grodno Tatar Flag of the Army Census in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania in 1956. The flag recruited 25 horsemen who had 8 different pieces of equipment. The most frequently used weapons were bows and arrows (64 % of the knights had them) and short spears (52 %). A small number of soldiers had protective armour (flexible armour and helmets – 20 %, kaftans - 12 %). Riders’ equipment consisted of 1-3 pieces. Two-piece equipment was predominant (64 % of riders had it). 10 different sets of equipment were used. The most commonly used equipment sets were: 1) bow and arrows + short spear (24 % of the riders), 2) flexible armour + helmet + short spear (20 %), 3) bow and arrows + sword (16 %). 12 different male names were recorded in the Tatar census of 1565. The most frequently used name was Богданъ (18.75 % of the records). Earlier 13 different male names (reconstructed from patronymics) were recorded, of which the most frequently used was Шемерденъ (20 %). Men were most often recorded by name and patronymic (93.75 % of the records). All male inscriptions were binomial
500 years of Punia school (Alytus district)
No full textPunia is a 13th-14th century castle and a manor of the GDL with a volost. Therefore, in 1513 the parish primary school was established, where Western European traditions prevailed. The basics of religion and chanting (mostly in Latin) were taught. Writing was also taught in Latin while religion was taught in the language that a teacher knew. From 1660, the school in Punia was always in operation, although there is not much information about it until 1777. However, in 1668, in the report of the prelate B. Żuchorski to the bishop of Vilnius, Punia parish primary school was mentioned. During the occupation of Tsarist Russia, there was a primary school for the people in Punia, also known as „literacy school”, where all subjects were taught in Russian. In 1830, with the help of the community funds, the school building was built and the government provided some money for its maintenance. Over time, the school building was destroyed. In independent Lithuania, the school in Punia was built in 1937. Up to that time it operated in various places, mainly in the private houses of Punia residents. In 1944 the school started its work. In 1964-1965 school was attended by 324 pupils. In 1963 the construction of an extension to the school was started and completed in 1965. In the spring of 2002, Punia School was graduated by 14 students, its 44th generation. Since 1944, the school has been managed by eleven principals. Juozas Krušinys was the headmaster for the longest time, 23 years (1972-1995). 14 teachers worked in Punia for more than 20 years. On September 1, 2011 the school was reorganised into the Punia School-Multifunctional Centre. On August 31, 2017 the Punia School-Multifunctional Centre was merged with the Butrimonys Gymnasium. During the school year 2022-2023, the Punia School-Multifunctional Centre had several primary school children