“Lituanistika”, International Research Database
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Expression of employees’ machiavellian behaviour in the context of different generations
No full textSėkmingam verslui vienas iš pagrindinių sėkmės elementų yra žmogiškieji ištekliai bei jų valdymas esant įvairiems iššūkiams. Darbuotojai, veikdami įmonėje teigiamai arba neigiamai, formuoja pokyčius, vidaus kultūrą, komunikaciją ir vertybes. Šiame straipsnyje analizuojama makiavelistinės elgsenos raiška skirtingų kartų darbuotojų kontekste. Tyrime analizuojama kurios kartos darbuotojai stipriausiai išreiškia makiavelistinės elgsenos raiškas bei kokios raiškos stipriausiai išreiškiamos. Teoriniame tyrime išgryninamos makiavelistinės elgsenos raiškos, per vertybinį, tikslų, asmenybės aspektą. Analitiniame tyrime naudojant kiekybinį tyrimą (anketinę apklausą) nustatyta, kokiomis makiavelistinėmis elgesio formomis pasireiškia skirtingų kartų darbuotojai. Nustatyta, kad darbo rinkoje dominuojant trims kartoms, kūdikio bumo kartos atstovai stipriausiai išreiškia statuso siekimo elementą, X kartos ciniško požiūrio į kitus ir Y kartos – amoralaus manipuliavimo bei neetiško elgesio elementus. Raktiniai žodžiai: makiavelizmas, kartos, darbuotojai, makiavelistinės elgsenos raiška.One of the key elements of a successful business is human resources and their management in the face of various challenges. Employees shape change, internal culture, communication and values by acting positively or negatively in the company. This paper analyses the expression of Machiavellian behaviour in the context of different generations of employees. The study analyses which generations of employees express Machiavellian behaviour most strongly and which expressions are most strongly showed. The theoretical study highlights the expressions of Machiavellian behaviour through the value, goal and personality dimensions. The analytical study uses quantitative research (questionnaire survey) to determine which forms of Machiavellian behaviour are manifested by different generations of employees. It was found that, in a labour market dominated by three generations, the baby boomers most strongly express the element of status-seeking, Generation X tends to have the cynical attitude towards others, and the Generation Y shows immoral manipulation and unethical behaviour. Keywords: Machiavellianism, generations, employees, manifestation of Machiavellian behavior
Improvement of marketing communication tools of educational entertainment center Curiocity
No full textOrganizacijos nuolat susiduria su iššūkiu, kaip pasirinkti tinkamiausias marketingo komunikacijos priemones, kurios efektyviai padėtų pasiekti organizacijos išsikeltus tikslus. Edukacinis pramogų centras „CurioCity“ nuolat stengiasi atrasti naujas bei tobulinti esamas marketingo komunikacijos priemones, kurios leidžia efektyviau paskirstyti biudžetą ir pasiekti tikslinę auditoriją. Tinkamas marketingo komunikacijos priemonių naudojimas svarbus bendrai organizacijos sėkmei, nes padeda ugdyti vartotojų lojalumą, užtikrina paslaugų pirkimo stabilumą, mažesnius kaštus ir konkurencinį pranašumą (Kovanovienė, Romeika ir Baumung, 2021). Ayerza ir kitų (2023) atliktas tyrimas atskleidė, jog tikslinga marketingo komunikacija daro reikšmingą poveikį pardavimų apimties didėjimui. „CurioCity“ šiuo straipsniu siekia sužinoti marketingo komunikacijos priemonių efektyvumą bei kaip jas patobulinti, siekiant padidinti edukacinių programų paklausą. Problemos sprendimams pateikti, darbe atliekama literatūros ir kitų informacijos šaltinių analizė, antrinių informacijos šaltinių analizė, mikro ir makro aplinkos situacijos analizė, anketinė apklausa, statistinių duomenų analizė. Tyrimas atskleidė, jog tikslinės edukacinių programų auditorijos – pedagogų tarpe, labiausiai pastebima ir dažniausiai paieškai naudojama yra skaitmeninio marketingo komunikacijos priemonė. Raktiniai žodžiai: marketingo komunikacijos priemonės, edukacinis pramogų centras, marketingo komunikacijos priemonių tobulinimas.Organisations are constantly faced with the challenge of selecting the most appropriate marketing communication tools to effectively achieve their objectives. CurioCity is constantly striving to discover new and improve existing marketing communication tools that allow for a more efficient allocation of budget and reach the target audience. The proper use of marketing communication tools is important for the overall success of the organisation, as it helps to develop consumer loyalty, ensures stability in the purchase of services, lower costs and competitive advantage (Kovanovienė, Romeika and Baumung, 2021). A study by Ayerza et al. (2023) found that targeted marketing communication has a significant impact on sales volume growth. "CurioCity's thesis seeks to find out the effectiveness of marketing communication tools and how they can be improved to increase demand for educational programmes. To solve the problem, the thesis analyses literature and other sources of information, secondary sources of information, micro and macro environmental situation analysis, questionnaire survey, statistical data analysis. The study revealed that among the target audience of educational programmes – educators, the most prominent and most frequently searched tool is digital marketing communication. Keywords: marketing communication tools, educational entertainment centre, improvement of marketing communication tools
Strengthening of internal communication AT SDG, UAB
No full textKomunikacijos sąvoka gyvuoja ilgą laiką ir jos reikšmė išliko beveik nepakitusi – tai labai svarbus organizacijos elementas, kuris sujungia visus dalyvius esančius visuose lygiuose. Labai svarbu, kaip yra perduodama informacija ir kaip gaunantys ją supranta, ypač svarbu, kad vadovai žinotų, kaip komunikuoti, nes tai didina darbo našumą ir tai pagrindinis įrankis progresui. Efektyvi komunikacija yra esminis veiksnys, kuris tiek įmonės viduje tiek išorėje yra pagrindinis įrankis greitam ir kokybiškam darbui. Atliktas tyrimas parodė, kad daugumai darbuotojų grįžtamasis ryšys yra labai svarbus ir jie jo tikisi iš vadovų. Dauguma įmonės darbuotojų yra patenkinti komunikacija ir mano, kad informacija perduodama aiškiai ir suprantamai, tačiau pasak respondentų, kartais pasitaiko ir trukdžių. Bendravimas tarp kolegų yra labai geras, jie jaučia pagalbą ir rūpestį iš kolegų sudėtingose situacijose, tačiau didesnę problemą jie mato komunikaciją tarp vadovų, kuri daro įtaką ir efektyviam darbui, bendravimas su vadovais yra labai formalus. Įmonėje informacijos perdavimas ir gavimas darbuotojų vertinamas palankiai, o geriausiai įvertintas komunikacijos kanalas yra pokalbiai su kolegomis, kuris yra ir tinkamas ir jo dažnumas pakankamas. Motyvavimas darbe irgi svarbus veiksnys, kuris padeda efektyviam darbui, tačiau pasak darbuotojų dovanos nėra tai kas daro didelę įtaką darbui, jiems yra svarbiau laiko leidimas kartu ir gerų santykių tarp kolegų kūrimas. Išanalizavus UAB „SDG“ vidinės komunikacijos procesą buvo pateiktos priemonės, kurios sustiprins vidinę komunikaciją įmonėje. Siekiant gerinti vadovų komunikacijos įgūdžius, buvo pasiūlyti kursai vadovams, kurie sustiprins vadovų įgūdžius ir pagerins tarpusavio santykius. Kadangi dauguma atsakiusiųjų minėjo, kad nori bendro laisvalaikio leidimo su kolegomis buvo pasiūlyta organizuoti bendras sporto veiklas, tokias kaip teniso turnyrai tarp skyrių, tai skatins komandinį darbą ir laisvalaikio leidimą kartu. Taip pat siūloma organizuoti vasaros išvyką, kurio metu vyks žygis ir plaukimas su baidarėmis, tai puikus būdas pažinti vienam kitą. Siūloma atnaujinti neformalią zoną darbovietėje ir tam panaudoti sėdmaišius, o paskui organizuoti žaidimų vakarus joje, kur darbuotojai galės pabendrauti. Kad visi šie pasiūlymai įvyktų siūloma įdarbinti vidinės komunikacijos specialistą, kuris organizuos renginius ir išvykas, valdys vidinės komunikacijos turinį. Siūloma didinti darbuotojų motyvaciją organizuojant susirinkimus ir bendraujant su darbuotojais akis į akį, gerinti komunikacijos kanalus, vienas iš būdų tai pakabinti kamštines lentas ir ten kabinti aktualią informaciją ir skelbimus, dar sukurti vidinį socialinį tinklą, kad darbuotojai galėtų ten dalintis įvairia informacija ir bendrauti vienas su kitu, taip pat sukurti saugią anoniminę erdvę, kur darbuotojai galėtų nebijodami išsakyti savo nuomonę. Paskutinis pasiūlymas tai suteikti darbuotojams laisvesnį darbo grafiką, kai darbuotojai galėtų keletą dienų dirbti iš namų ir taip dirbti efektyviau, ir mažinti išlaidas įmonei. Raktiniai žodžiai: komunikacija, vidinė komunikacija, komunikacijos stiprinimas.Communication is the way to express a personal goals and expectations. When communication occurs gaps are provided with problems: information is not always properly transmitted, feedback is missing, etc. Proper communication increases an efficiency of the organization and maintains a relationship between different strategies to create an ideal image. Internal communication is essential in business management to keep in touch with employees and improving in reputation of the company. An open and transparent environment created by communication process helps employees to understand the company targets and importance of individuals in achieving them. It guarantees excellent cooperation of employees towards a common goal. Communication helps creating a unified culture throughout the company so that all the employees can make their best decisions (Pop ir Sim, 2023). Communication is the basis for a relationship based on mutual trust in organization. Managers have to understand the communication has an comprehensive impact on the entire company, as well as their role of actively participating in this process to achieve the greatest possible benefit (Turaga, 2019). According to Stoica (2021), communication and management are the key factors that complements each other. There is a risk of reducing employee motivation and interest in work without paying enough attencion into communication. Problem – how to strengthen UAB „SDG“ internal communication? Aim of the work – provide recommendations and tools to strengthen communication after evaluating UAB „SDG“ internal communication tools
Work did not stop even on the lord’s day Sigismund I’s workdays at the court of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania 1506-1544
No full textŠio straipsnio tikslas – pateikti Zigmanto I darbo LDK teismuose laiko apskaitą. Chronologine prasme valdovo valdymo epocha nevisiškai sutampa su jo teisėjavimo laiku. Paskutiniuosius ketverius gyvenimo metus Zigmantas I vyriausiojo LDK teisėjo pareigas buvo perdavęs savo sūnui – įpėdiniui. Todėl pirminė chronologijos data yra 1506 m. spalio 20 d., kai Zigmantas Jogailaitis Vilniuje buvo paskelbtas Lietuvos didžiuoju kunigaikščiu, o galutinė – 1544 m. spalio 6 d., kai Brastos seime jis oficialiu raštu perdavė LDK vyriausiojo teisėjo pareigas Zigmantui II Augustui. Raktiniai žodžiai: Zigmantas I (Žygimantas Senasis), valdovo teismas, Lietuvos Metrika.The selection of the judicial acts of Sigismund I preserved in the Lithuanian Metrica showed that when conducting investigations of the ruler’s employment at court, we must take into account the uneven nature of the documents. We can distinguish 4 types of judicial acts: judgments or sentences, ordinances (orders), pre-trial or post-trial documents and minutes (drafts). 3081 acts were selected for this study, only about half of which are recorded in court record books, and the rest in books of inscriptions. The most numerous types of acts are ordinances, which make up more than half of all the judicial acts (1629) of Sigismund I. Due to the breadth of the ruler’s judicial functions and their interweaving with other types of activities, the methodology of selecting and sorting judicial documents is not protected from the subjective decisions of the researcher. Therefore, the quantitative expressions achieved by the research must be understood as relative. However, they also allow us to see the dynamics of the ruler’s judicial activity: in the first half of the reign of Sigismund I (1506–1521), the ruler’s judicial activity was not active, but from 1522 it began to grow noticeably, reaching its apogee in 1533. Later, the activity steadily decreased. Judging by the ruler of Lithuania (probably not only Sigismund I) took place in two different phases: during the ruler’s residence in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, when his judicial activity became more active, and in the Crown, when his activity weakened. Almost always, the most active time of the first phase coincided with the Seim of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. However, during the penultimate visit, Sigismund I handled most of the cases outside the Seim time. The dynamics of judicial documents in general and judgments in particular (i.e. the resolution of cases) show that starting from 1523 he was increasingly active as a judge in the cases of residents of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania while he was in Poland. Despite the resulting protests and in 1542 the ruler’s promise not to judge “Lithuanian cases” in Poland, this practice continued even later, but it was not significant. The accounting of Sigismund I’s working days per year showed the chaotic nature of the activity of the ruler-judge. Quantitative analysis of judicial acts preserved in Lithuanian Metrics does not allow us to claim that the ruler’s agenda was overloaded with the obligation to judge. However, qualitative factors (judging on Sundays, during Holy Week and during Christmas) testify to the constant pressure exerted by the litigating authorities on the person of the ruler. This was the essence of the ruler’s burden of judging. Keywords: Sigismundus I (Sigismundus the Old), Lord’s / Ruler’s court, Lithuania Metrica
Reinterpretation of economic history in the Baltic countries, 30 years after independence
No full textWhat has happened to the economic history in and about the three Baltic countries Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania after independence in 1991? The survey includes problem areas researched, the reinterpretations of history in different periods, in particular the interwar years and the period of Soviet rule after the Second World War, and the institutional changes in the academy. Even if economic history has not been the first priority of universities, considerable work has been done on development models and the different successes and failures recorded. The frequent institutional changes of the economies, from liberal to state capitalism, to command economy and back to liberal models, have made the task of economic historians difficult. Much time has been spent assessing data and making them comparable, and even more on looking for reliable statistics in the Soviet system. Despite many challenges, much has also been achieved. Keywords: Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Soviet Union, economic history
Komercinio nekilnojamojo turto rizikų stebėsenos sąranga
No full textSantrauka -- Summary -- 1. Komercinio NT ypatybės: a. Apibrėžimas ir skirtumai nuo būsto rinkos; b. Svarba finansiniam stabilumui; c. Duomenų problematika -- 2. Rizikų stebėsenos sąranga: a. ESRV trijų žingsnių rizikų stebėsenos metodika; b. Pirmas žingsnis: cikliškumo vertinimas; c. Antras žingsnis: horizontalusis vertinimas; d. Trečias žingsnis: vertikalusis vertinimas; e. Galutinė rizikų lentelė -- 3. Apibendrinimas -- Literatūros sąrašas.Kaip ir daugelyje euro zonos šalių, Lietuvoje komercinio NT sektorius glaudžiai susijęs su finansų sistema ir realiąja ekonomika: komerciniu NT užtikrintos paskolos sudaro beveik trečdalį viso bankų paskolų portfelio, o būsto ir kitų statinių plėtra sukuria apie aštuntadalį Lietuvos BVP. Vis dėlto iki šiol tiek Lietuvoje, kaip ir visoje Europoje, šis sektorius stebimas gana nesistemiškai, o suderintų rodiklių ir duomenų stygius apsunkina stebėseną tarptautiniu lygiu. Siekdamas užtikrinti rizikų finansiniam stabilumui nustatymą laiku ir gerinti tarptautinį duomenų palyginamumą, Lietuvos bankas, vadovaudamasis ESRV rekomendacija ir metodologija, parengė komercinio NT rinkos stebėsenos sąrangą – ji plačiau apžvelgiama šiame teminiame straipsnyje. Straipsnyje, greta konkrečių gairių, kaip nuosekliai vertinti iš komercinio NT rinkos kylančias rizikas, aptariamos ir metodologinės bei duomenų spragos, kurios iki šiol kelia sunkumų užtikrinant visavertį rizikų vertinimą.Similar to eurozone as a whole, in Lithuania, the commercial real estate sector is closely linked with the financial system and the real economy: loans secured by commercial properties account for almost a third of the total bank loan portfolio, and the development of housing and other buildings creates about an eighth of Lithuania's GDP. However, so far both in Lithuania and across Europe, this sector has been supervised quite unsystematically, and the lack of harmonized indicators and data complicates monitoring at the international level. Aiming to ensure timely identification of risks to financial stability and improve international data comparability, the Bank of Lithuania, following the ESRB recommendation and methodology, has developed a commercial real estate market supervision framework. The main purpose of this article is to presents the developed framework. The article, alongside specific guidelines on how to consistently assess risks arising from the commercial real estate market, discusses methodological and data gaps that continue to pose challenges in ensuring a comprehensive risk assessment
Students‘ emotional intelligence and their attitudes towards creativity interferences: Lithuanian and Latvian case.
No full textEmotional Intelligence (EI) has been an important and controversial topic in recent decades. The level of emotional intelligence and creativity among students is an essential dimension of a successful study process, a topic that has not been sufficiently explored. This study, however, is a groundbreaking attempt to investigate this relationship among Landscape Architecture students in Lithuania and Latvia. Creativity, the skill to find new and valuable ideas to react to challenges, problems or needs, is a crucial aspect of this process. Moreover, creativity can usually be a new combination of known knowledge. Different generations are creative but should have a better background and theoretical understanding of emotional intelligence. This understanding is lacking, and this study aims to fill this gap. On the other hand, different generations look at the same reality from various perspectives. Therefore, the study seeks to look at the creativity interferences from the student’s point of view. The pilot study, conducted using a questionnaire created by the authors, aims to determine the peculiarities of student’s creativity interferences for their successful studies. It also analyses the theoretical background of emotional intelligence and creativity proposed by the scientific literature. It determines students’ level of emotional intelligence that would enhance their creativity to manage creativity interferences in achieving success during the study process. Keywords: landscape architecture students, emotional intelligence, creativity interferences, attitudes
What determines the crime rate? A Macroeconomic case study
No full textThis study examines the relationship between economic indicators and crime rates in six European countries: Lithuania, Germany, Greece, Portugal, Finland and Sweden. By examining macroeconomic factors such as GDP, security spending and per capita consumption, the study aims to understand how these variables affect crime dynamics. Using robust econometric techniques, including panel regression with fixed effects, the study identifies significant correlations and patterns. The findings reveal that the crime rate has a high degree of inertia and is significantly influenced by the previous level. Contrary to expectations, increased per capita consumption is associated with higher crime rates, which may indicate that wealthier societies are experiencing an increase in economic crime. Furthermore, higher spending on security does not necessarily reduce crime, suggesting that types of crime evolve as detection capabilities improve. This study highlights the complexity of the nexus between crime and the economy, highlighting the need for multifaceted, long-term policies to effectively combat crime and increase public safety. The results offer valuable insights for policymakers to develop comprehensive crime prevention and economic development strategies. Keywords: Lithuania; Germany; Greece; Portugal; Finland; Sweden; regression; crime index; per capita consumption; GDP share of security spending
The Negative impact of poor health on civic participation in older adults of the Baltic countries
No full textCivic participation as a specific subtype of social participation in later life has received little attention from researchers. How to maintain the well-being and health of older adults through their involvement in the community is crucial to understand the prevalence of civic participation in older age, especially for those in poor health. This study fills the gap in knowledge on the relationship between the civic participation of older adults in the Baltics and their health status. The data come from a quantitative survey of Lithuania, Latvia, and Estonia’s residents aged 50 years and older (N = 2015) conducted in 2019-2020. Data were analysed based on Serratet et al. [1] concept of civic activity and health status, using descriptive statistics and multinomial regression analysis. The results show that the profile of civic participation people aged 50+ is asymmetrical: 1) individual rather than collective and social rather than political participation is prevalent, and 2) poor health limits the participation of older adults in almost every civic activity (especially those that are more resource-intensive). The research results can be helpful for social policymakers and practitioners (social workers). Keywords: older adults, social activities, political activities, health, the Baltic countries
Assessing health-related quality of life in children with Spina Bifida in Lithuania
No full textIntroduction: In recent years, more emphasis has been placed on improving the health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in children with spina bifida (SB). Chronic disability is understood to impact various aspects of the person's life, family, and social functioning, in addition to the specific needs of the disease. The HRQOL is done to assess the patient's quality of life (QOL) in various domains including physical and mental. Back in the 1900s, few children survived SB, whereas today, they almost have normal life expectancy. By understanding the contributing factors to the quality of life (QOL), more targeted interventions can be put in place in order to maximize the psychological and social well-being of these patients. Aim: The aim of this study is to estimate the health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in Lithuanian children with spina bifida (SB) in relation to comorbidities, level of lesions, and mobility. Objectives: The objectives of this study are to investigate the HRQOL of Lithuanian children with SB born between 1999 and 2012; to analyze the relation between the HRQOL and its comorbidities, including hydrocephalus, Chiari II malformation, incontinence, and epilepsy; and to determine the relationship of health variables, the level of lesions, and mobility to the HRQOL. Methods: This was a quantitative cross-sectional study on children with spina bifida across Lithuania to assess the HRQOL. Subjects were chosen and interviewed from various cities including Kaunas, Vilnius, Marijampolė, Gargždai, Biržai, Panevėžys, Palanga, and Alytus. A questionnaire was used as an instrument to measure the HRQOL. The level of lesions, comorbidities, and other health variables were obtained from the medical files and directly from the patient's history. Results: Regarding the HRQOL, our study population showed the highest scores in the emotional, medical, intellectual, and social domains. The lowest sub-scores were in recreational, vocational, environmental, and then physical domains. We also found that certain comorbidities including hydrocephalus, epilepsy, and incontinence negatively affected the QOL. In our study group, we also found that the ambulatory group scored significantly higher in the overall QOL. However, when comparing the level of lesions to the HRQOL, we found no statistically significant difference. Conclusion: Positive results were obtained regarding the medical, emotional, intellectual, and social aspects of patients with SB in Lithuania as they scored high in this domain. However, the environmental and vocational domains scored low, suggesting that further examination needs to be carried in these domains. We concluded that having various comorbidities including hydrocephalus and incontinence has negative impacts on the QOL. Patients who suffered from epilepsy had a statistically significant lower QOL. No significant difference was found in the association between the level of lesion and the QOL in our study. Keywords: quality of life, health-related quality of life, multiple-choice questions, chiari ii malformation, cerebrospinal fluid (csf), central nervous system, spina bifida