“Lituanistika”, International Research Database
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No full text2023 metų Nacionalinė Jono Basanavičiaus premija buvo paskirta mitologe!, tautosakininkei, Lietuvių literatūros ir tautosakos instituto Sakytinės tautosakos skyriaus vyriausiajai mokslo darbuotojai dr. Daivai Vaitkevičienei už giluminius mitologinio pasaulėvaizdžio tyrimus, prigimtinės kultūros įprasminimą, puoselėjimą ir sklaidą. Šia proga ją kalbina Juozas Šorys.The 2023 National Jonas Basanavičius Award was awarded to the Institute of Lithuanian Literature and Folklore researcher, folklorist Dr Daiva Vaitkevičienė, for her in-depth research on mythological worldviews, the meaning, cultivation, and dissemination of innate culture. In the conversation, the main directions and topics of her research are presented. In the study of materials of Baltic mythology scattered in folklore, ethnographic, and written sources, she employs A. J. Greimas’ semiotic method and extensively uses linguistic and historical data. Her first book. Ugnies metaforos: lietuvių ir latvių mitologijos studijos (2001), was dedicated to fire as a cosmological element and mythical fire metaphors. In her latest monograph, Žydinti taurė: baltų gėrimai ir apeigos (2020), the mythology of ritual drinks - beer and mead - is reconstructed, the connections with the earth and heavenly gods are restored, and the archaic structure of the drinking ritual is recreated. The researcher has published dozens of articles on the Lithuanian pantheon of gods in the 13th century, the goddess of fate, Laima, Lithuanian house and farm gods, ancient burial and commemoration customs, etc. She also studies Lithuanian incantations and has compiled an academic collection of Lithuanian healing incantations
Tales of the old Svencelė and Dreverna inhabitants
No full textBaigiasi šišioniškių era. Deja, žmonių, gimusių ir užaugusių Klaipėdos krašte ir dar menančių savo pirmtėvių kalbų, jų gyvenimo ypatumus, tradicijas, tautosaką, vis mažėja. Džiugina tik tai, kad dažnas, geriau pasikapstęs savo genties istorijose, žiūrėk, ima ir aptinka, kad juose irgi teka tos garbios, iškilios, žinančios savo vertę ir mažai kalbančios genties kraujas. Parūpsta ir apranga, ir tarmė, ir istorija, tik nebėra ko apie tai paklausti... Žinoma, apie lietuvininkų gyvenimo būdą dabar galima rasti knygų, įrašų, nuotraukų įvairiuose Lietuvos, Vokietijos archyvuose, ir tai labai „veža“, nes, kaip sakoma, yra už ko užsikabinti. Tik kiekvienas žmogus - vis kitoks pasaulis, kita istorija! Drevernos žvejų kaimelyje niekada nebuvo nei bažnyčios, nei dvarų, nei spaustuvių, Jame ir aplinkiniuose kaimuose nuo seno gyveno žvejai ir ūkininkai. Sunkiai dirbo, augino gausias šeimas, jų vaikai mokėsi vokiečių pastatytose mokyklose, važiavo ar pėsti traukė į Priekulės bažnyčią. Ramų šišioniškių gyvenimą sudrumstė vienas po kito kilę karai, išblaškę juos po visą pasaulį. Norėdami įamžinti šalia mūsų Drevernoje ir Svencelėje gyvenusių ir tebegyvenančių lietuvininkų, mūsų kaimynų, prisiminimus, ėjome pas šiuos žmones - filmavome, įrašėme natūralios kalbos pavyzdžių, tarmiškai (arba jau ir ne) užrašėme jų papasakotus prisiminimus. Jiems leidus, dalinamės... Juos saugome! Netrukus išleisime knygą „Dreverna - mėlynoji žemė“.These are narratives from the people born and raised in the region of Klaipeda, in the villages of Dreverna and Svencelė situated near the Curonian Lagoon. The calm and quiet lives of these people, who were mainly fishermen and farmers, were disrupted by successive wars. As the front approached in 1944, the Reich authorities evacuated 90% of the civilian population, and many who remained were killed. Some returned to their native places after the war, while others left when, in 1958, the Soviet Union signed agreements with the Federal Republic of Germany regarding the repatriation of former German citizens. Virgina Asnauskienė transcribed their stories
Mentoring in a pre-school educational institution: the perspective of mentor professional growth
No full textMentorystė švietimo įstaigoje suprantama kaip paramos modelis, kurio kontekste reikšmingą profesinę patirtį turintis pedagogas ir profesinį kelią pradedantis ar būsimasis pedagogas bendradarbiauja siekdami pradedančiojo pedagogo profesinio augimo ir profesinės integracijos. Pagrindiniai probleminiai tyrimo klausimai: Kuo praktikuojama mentorystės veikla yra reikšminga mentoriui? Kaip praktikuojama mentoriaus veikla siejasi su paties mentoriaus profesiniu augimu? Šiame straipsnyje mentorystė ikimokyklinio ugdymo įstaigoje analizuojama iš mentoriaus profesinio tobulėjimo perspektyvos, siekiant atskleisti mentorystės veiklos galimybes profesiniam augimui. Darbe pristatomi kokybinio tyrimo rezultatai – išanalizuotas mentorystės veiklos turinys, sietinas su mentoriaus profesiniu tobulėjimu; ištirta mentoriaus profesinio augimo raiška. Tyrimas atskleidė, jog mentoriaus profesinis augimas reiškiasi mentoriaus vaidmens įsisąmoninimu, veiklos tobulinimu ir mentorystės santykių kūrimu, nukreiptu į pradedančiojo ar būsimojo mokytojo profesinės tapatybės formavimąsi ir profesinę integraciją. Pagrindiniai žodžiai: mentorystė, mentoriaus profesinis augimas.Mentoring, as one of the key elements of teacher education, is an integral part of pre-service teaching practice. Mentoring in an educational institution is understood as a supportive model in which a teacher with significant professional experience and a pre-service teacher work together to support the professional growth and professional integration of the pre service teacher. What is the significance of mentoring practice for the mentor? How does the practice of mentoring relate to the professional development of the mentor? A review of the literature shows that the professional development aspect of mentoring activities has been little explored. This paper examines mentoring in a pre-school setting from the perspective of mentor professional growth in order to uncover the relevance of practiced mentoring activities for mentor professional growth. The aim of the study was to investigate the professional development of teacher mentors through the practice of mentoring activities in a pre-school educational institution. The study is based on transformative learning theory (Mezirow, 1991), suggesting that the professional growth of a mentor teacher occurs through the transformative learning experiences of participating in mentoring. Reflective experience theory (Schön, 1987), which emphasizes reflection on performance, has been used to analyze teacher mentors' performance in terms of the challenges of mentoring. The study is based on a phenomenological research strategy. The research sample was selected on the basis of homogeneous cases – the research participants were mentor teachers from various pre-school educational institutions in Klaipėda. Data collection methods included group discussions (n=4 ) with mentor teachers (n=26) and interviews with preschool managers (n=6). Focus group interviews (group discussions) aimed to identify opportunities for mentor professional growth in mentoring, based on mentors' perceptions. Teachers were asked to share their mentoring experiences, their perceptions of the role of the mentor, to describe their mentoring practices and challenges, to rate the benefits of mentoring for their professional growth and to identify the areas where they felt their competences could be further developed. The interviews with pre-school managers aimed to shed light on the context of mentoring, including the institution's policies, resources, the organization of mentoring processes, and the selection and training of mentors. Data processing and interpretation was carried out according to Braun and Clarke's (2012) qualitative inductive thematic analysis methodology: transcribing the research records; coding the data; searching for themes answering the research questions; reviewing potential themes to assess the sufficiency of the data; defining and naming themes; and drawing conclusions from the analysis of data. Conclusions. The critical discourse on mentoring relationships, the mentor's role and the search for answers to the problem research questions in the context of professional growth reveals that the professional growth of the mentor can be related to the perception of the diversity of mentoring roles, their selection and change, the construction and reconstruction of mentoring relationships, identity, and the transformation of the mentoring processes, depending on the chosen role or the diversity of the mentoring relationship practiced. The review of the critical discourse revealed that recent mentoring research in terms of mentor professional development is characterized by an increasing emphasis on different mentoring roles and the diversity of mentoring relationships, which encourages mentor teachers to engage in learning and to transform their mentoring and educational practices. The empirical study revealed the expression of mentor's professional growth in mentoring in Klaipėda pre-school educational institutions. The results of the research revealed that there are real preconditions for the professional growth of the mentor in mentoring activities. The mentor's experience of professional development occurs in the following mentoring contexts: (1) awareness of the mentor's role; (2) achieving effective mentoring; (3) building mentoring relationships. Keywords: mentoring, mentor professional growth
Public speech delivered in 1783 at the Grand Duchy of Lithuania High School at the beginning of the public lectures on general history
No full text1782 m. Edukacinė komisija Tomą Hussarzewskį paskyrė Vilniaus universiteto visuotinės istorijos profesoriumi. 1783 m. pabaigoje naujasis profesorius, pradėdamas paskaitų ciklą, pasakė viešą kalbą, kurioje pateikė visuotinės istorijos sampratą. Ji organiškai papildė karaliaus Stanislovo Augusto inicijuotą Lenkijos istorijos suvokimo atnaujinimo programą, kuri turėjo tapti viena esminių Apšvietos ideologijos gairių. Šioje programoje išskirtinę vietą užėmė Adomo Naruševičiaus „Lenkų tautos istorija“, kurios pirmasis tomas pasirodė 1780 m., o paskutinysis – 1786 m. (iš viso – 7 tomai). Tad Hussarzewskio skaitytas akademinis kursas darniai įsiliejo į „atnaujintos istorijos“ idėjinę srovę. [...
The West in the Soviet "Kingdom of mirrors": entertainment of the Soviet Lithuanian television in the Brezhnev era
No full textA considerable part of Soviet television consisted of propaganda and ideology. However, when the new media emerged in then-occupied Lithuania, its development was limited by the Communist party on the one hand and influenced by Western radio broadcasts, Polish television production, and Western movies. This paper analyzes two unusual cases in Soviet Lithuanian television, which borrowed from and were indirectly yet highly influenced by their Western counterparts. The humourous TV series Petraičių šeimoje (1965–1972) and the four-part adventure movie Tadas Blinda (1972) were, and still are, some of the most popular TV productions from the Soviet period. Based on these examples, this study analyzes the influence of TV productions, as well as their popularity and relations with the ruling regime. Were they really considered Western in form and socialist in content or were they more a socialist form of national content? These questions are key in trying to determine the real purpose of these productions and their influence on Soviet Lithuanian society. Keywords: Soviet television, Soviet Lithuania, Soviet popular culture, socialist entertainment, Tadas Blinda, Soviet West, Soviet media
Basic Christian prayers in old Lithuanian. II the Apostles' creed
No full textAs part two of a series about the Basic Prayers (Hail Mary, Apostolic Creed and Lord's Prayer) in Old Lithuanian, the aim of this article is to collect all attestations of the Apostolic Creed translated into Lithuanian prior to 1700. The Apostolic Creed has two forms, the “common” declaratory one and a shorter, interrogative one used during baptism. This interrogative creed is not a shortened form of the declaratory one, but rather the original urban Roman creed, which was expanded during the 3rd century C. E. A total of 46 versions of the Apostolic Creed are attested in the Old Lithuanian era (the 16th and 17th century). The lexical and syntactic structure of the prayers is analyzed and compared as outlined in the first part of the series, to show their dependences and connections (compare Falk, Thies 2023). Four traditions can be discerned: Firstly, an early Lutheran line in Lithuania Minor, beginning with the Forma krikštymo by Mažvydas and continued by Vilentas (as already described by Judžentis 2021), the first translation of Mažvydas in his Catechism is only weakly connected to the aforementioned. Bretkes translation is close to this line as well, but shows variation. Secondly, a later Lutheran line begins with the Königsberg Cathechism of 1670 and is continued e. g. in the scientific works of Nettelhorst and Hartknoch and in many reprints of the 18th century. Third, the Reformed tradition, consisting of the reprints of Knyga Nobažnystės and only loosely connected to the earlier Catechism by Petkevičius; and fourth, the Catholic tradition, which begins relatively late, in the second half of the 17th century, because all earlier Catholic translations e. g. by Daukša can be considered isolated attempts. The traditions of all three denominations can be considered as canonicalized with the third edition of the Königsberg Catechism from 1700, the second edition of Knyga Nobažnystės from 1684 resp. the catechism by Pranas Šrubauskis from 1725
Academic self-realization of researchers in higher education: phenomenological research-based evidence
No full textIn the dynamic context of higher education, the academic self-realization of a researcher is significant not only for the growth of the dedicated researcher but also for the well-being of the entire academic community. The purpose of this study was to reveal the academic self-realization experience of researchers in higher education and answer the research question: “What does academic self-realization mean for the researcher in higher education?” This study used a phenomenological-hermeneutic approach, which allowed researchers to delve into the academic self-realization experience of researchers in higher education. The study was conducted from November 2022 to December 2023 and represents the social sciences and the science of education. Individuals who have obtained a PhD, work as lecturers and/or researchers in Lithuanian universities, participate in the training of doctoral students, and who obtained bachelor’s, master’s, or doctoral degrees in more than one field of science took part in this study. This means that these researchers represent scientific multidisciplinarity. The research participants were from Lithuania and the United Kingdom. A total sample of seventeen researchers participated in the study. This article presents results from semi-structured interviews with six researchers, where the theme of “academic self-realization” emerged. The study results showed that the academic self-realization of the researcher in higher education is a process through which the researcher finds, develops, and represents personal interests and talents in the university’s academic community, thereby contributing to the personal, scientific, and academic development of this community. The conducted research reveals the complexity of the academic self-realization of researchers, which includes a significant integration of academic and personal components. Keywords: academic community; academic self-realization; higher education; phenomenology; researcher
Declining interest in afforestation under the common agricultural policy: evidence from Poland and Lithuania
No full textLand afforestation is an important aspect of forested land development. Increasing the area of forest areas through the reforestation of uncultivated, abandoned or agriculturally unsuitable land is considered an important way to diversify economic activities in order to reduce dependence on agricultural activities and improve environmental conditions in rural areas. The main objective of the study is to identify the factors affecting the afforestation of agricultural land carried out in the years 2004–2020 by farmers under the individual financial perspectives of the Rural Development Programme (RDP) in Poland and Lithuania. The study included a review of Polish and Lithuanian regulations aimed at providing financial support for afforestation under the RDP. Moreover, a comparative analysis of the rules and criteria for financial support for afforestation in relation to selected socio-economic indicators of the two countries was carried out. Based on the study results, it can be clearly stated that in both Poland and Lithuania, the support for afforestation under the RDP fails to meet the beneficiaries’ expectations. It would, therefore, be advisable to adapt the Programme to the changing economic conditions and keep the afforested land under the RDP under technical supervision. Support for afforestation should be continued to ensure the improvement in land use and the enhancement of the prospects for long-term economic activity in rural areas as well as to implement the assumptions of the green economy. Keywords: agricultural land, afforestation, common agricultural policy, forest policy, green economy, rural development programme
Documentary heritage of Vilnius Lithuanian Association “Rūta”
No full textVilniaus lietuvių susivienijimas „Rūta“ buvo svarbus lietuvių tautinio atgimimo istorijos reiškinys, XX a. pradžioje telkęs ne tik Vilniaus, bet ir apskritai Lietuvos bei Rusijos imperijos aktyviąją lietuviškos visuomenės dalį. Šiame straipsnyje aprašyti Lietuvos mokslų akademijos Vrublevskių bibliotekos Rankraščių skyriuje saugomi šio susivienijimo dokumentai, dar nesulaukę deramo tyrėjų dėmesio. Atskleistas jų turinys ir istorinė reikšmė. Esminiai žodžiai: Vilniaus lietuvių susivienijimas „Rūta“; istorija; steigėjai; nariai; veikla, atsispindinti dokumentuose.The Vilnius Lithuanian association “Rūta” was an important factor in the process of Lithuanian national revival. The Lithuanian intellectual elite, concentrated in the historical centre of ethnographic Lithuania, not only educated and enlightened the less educated compatriots, but also claimed to become the centre of Lithuanian identity. The common educational and cultural activities carried out by representatives of different views, parties and social strata brought Lithuanian association together for unified national work. Soon after, under the favourable circumstances brought by the war the Lithuanian community came together despite the differences in world views, which led to the restoration of the independent state. This is reflected in the documents of the Vilnius Lithuanian association “Rūta” kept in the Manuscripts Department of the Wroblewski Library of the Lithuanian Academy of Sciences, which have been described in detail in the light of the latest research. Keywords: Vilnius Lithuanian association “Rūta”; history; founders; members; activities, reflected in documents
Impact of health spending on hospitalization rates in Baltic countries: a comparative analysis
No full textIntroduction. This study examines the association between healthcare indicators and hospitalization rates in three high-income European countries, namely Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania, from 2015 to 2020. Method. We used a sex-stratified generalized additive model (GAM) to investigate the impact of select healthcare indicators on hospitalization rates, adjusted by general economic status—i.e., gross domestic product (GDP) per capita. Results. Our findings indicate a consistent decline in hospitalization rates over time for all three countries. The proportion of health expenditure spent on hospitals, the number of physicians and nurses, and hospital beds were not statistically significantly associated with hospitalization rates. However, changes in the number of employed medical doctors per 10,000 population were statistically significantly associated with changes of hospitalization rates in the same direction, with the effect being stronger for males. Additionally, higher GDP per capita was associated with increased hospitalization rates for both males and females in all three countries and in all models. Conclusions. The relationship between healthcare spending and declining hospitalization rates was not statistically significant, suggesting that the healthcare systems may be shifting towards primary care, outpatient care, and on prevention efforts. Keywords: health spending, hospitalization, Baltic countries, GAM model, healthcare systems