“Lituanistika”, International Research Database
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Šyvio šokdinimo tradicija.
No full textPratarmė -- Šyvio šokdinimas Gražiškiuose - nematerialaus kultūros paveldo vertybė -- Stovi šyvis pabalnotas... Šyvio šokdinimo apeigos Užnemunėje: Įvadas -- 1. Tad kas tas Šyvio šokdinimas? -- 2. Šyvio personažinė grupė -- 3. Persirengėlių grupės vaikščiojimas pakiemiais -- Išvados -- Literatūra -- Žirgas lietuvių ir prūsų religijoje bei mitologijoje (IX-XVI a. rašytinių šaltinių duomenimis): Įvadas -- 1. Žirgas laidotuvių ir aukojimo dievams apeigose -- 2. Žirgų dievybės -- Literatūra -- Šyvio šokdinimo tradicija archyviniuose kadruose -- Santrauka -- Summary -- Zusammenfassung.Šyvio šokdinimas, kažkada buvęs plačiai žinomas pietvakarių Lietuvoje, išliko tik Gražiškiuose, Vilkaviškio rajone. Čia veikianti aktyvi bendruomenė puoselėja šį unikalų paprotį, kuris pastaruoju metu susilaukia vis daugiau susidomėjimo, o 2023 metais buvo įtrauktas į Nematerialaus kultūros paveldo vertybių sąvadą. Šioje knygoje rasite naujausius mokslinius tyrimus, kuriuose žymūs etnologai Arūnas Vaicekauskas ir Rimantas Balsys apžvelgia Šyvio šokdinimo papročio atėjimo į Lietuvą kelią. Čia pristatoma papročio kilmė, struktūra ir regioninis savitumas. Šyvio šokdinimas analizuojamas kaip platesnio reiškinio - persirengėlių vaikštynių tradicijos dalis, kuri būdinga visai Lietuvai ir kitoms Europos kultūroms. Tradicija interpretuojama kaip simbolinė žemdirbiška apeiga, susijusi su metų sandūra - laikotarpiu tarp Kalėdų ir Trijų Karalių. Ypatingas dėmesys skiriamas baltajam žirgui - Šyviui, kuris tampa pagrindiniu personažu ir įkūnija mitologinius ryšius su anapusiniu pasauliu, derlingumu ir protėvių kultu. Etnografiniai pasakojimai atskleidžia ne tik spalvingus veikėjus, kostiumus ir vaidybinius elementus, bet ir pasaulėžiūrą, kurioje gyvybės, mirties ir atsinaujinimo ciklai išreiškiami per kolektyvines apeigas. Knygoje Šyvis taip pat siejamas su platesniais teminiais laukais - ritualu, mitu, žirgo simbolika baltų religijoje ir mitologijoje. Pateikiamos svarbios įžvalgos apie tai, kaip senosios tradicijos išlieka aktualios ir padeda kurti kultūrinį atsparumą globalizacijos sąlygomis. Galiausiai, tai yra liudijimas apie vietinio paveldo gyvybingumą ir prasmingus būdus, kuriais bendruomenės atranda, perinterpretuoja ir puoselėja savo kultūrines šaknis. Knyga gausiai iliustruota tiek istorinėmis, tiek šiandieninėmis Šyvio šokdintojų fotografijomis, kurios atskleidžia nepaprastą žmonių kūrybiškumą ir norą puoselėti paveldėtąją kultūrą.The Dancing of Šyvis, once widely known tradition, remained continued in only one place in Lithuania - the town of Gražiškiai. Here an active community continues to nurture this unique custom, which has recently attracted growing interest and, in 2023, was included in the Lithuanian intangible cultural heritage inventory. This book presents the latest academic research, in which renowned ethnologists Arūnas Vaicekauskas and Rimantas Balsys explores the path by which the Dancing of Šyvis custom arrived in Lithuania as well as many other aspects, such as the origin, structure, and regional distinctiveness of the tradition. Dancing of Šyvis is analyzed as part of a broader phenomenon - the tradition of masquerading, characteristic of Lithuania and other European cultures. The tradition is interpreted as a symbolic agrarian rite connected to the turning of the year - the period between Christmas and Epiphany. Special attention is paid to the white horse - Šyvis, who becomes the central figure embodying mythological ties with the otherworld, fertility, and ancestral worship. Ethnographic narratives reveal not only the colourful characters, costumes, and performative elements but also a worldview in which cycles of life, death, and renewal are expressed through collective rituals. The book also links Šyvis to broader fields of rituals, myths, and the symbolism of the horse in Baltic religion and mythology. It provides valuable insights into how ancient traditions remain relevant and contribute to cultural resilience in the context of globalization. Ultimately, this work testifies to the vitality of local heritage and the meaningful ways in which communities discover, reinterpret, and cultivate their cultural roots. The book is richly illustrated with both historical and contemporary photographs of the Dancing of Šyvis performers, highlighting the extraordinary creativity of the people and their desire to preserve inherited culture
Leben, Filmen: Jonas Mekas und der Wert des Lichten Augenblicks.
No full textEinleitung -- 1..Die Verknüpfung von Produktions- und Lebenszeit (Lost Lost Lost) -- 1.1.Rauh und unpoliert. Ästhetik und Politik eines Neuen Amerikanischen Films -- 1.2.Lost Lost Lost. Der initiale Riss und das subversive Potenzial migrantischer Blicke -- 1.3.Von den Alibifiguren zu den eingestandenen Protagonist:innen eines persönlichen Films -- 2..Filmtagebuch und die radikale Zeitlichkeit des Lebens (Walden) -- 2.1.Koinzidenz und Kontaktaufnahme. Die (Un-)Mittelbarkeit des filmischen Tagebucheintrags -- 2.2.Tagwerk und Nachtschichten. Das (glückliche) Leben als Laboratorium des Films -- 2.3.Das rigorose Zeitregime des Kinos -- 2.4.Zum Terrain der Unabhängigen: Jonas Mekas und Henry David Thoreau -- 3..Das Glänzen des Unscheinbaren (As I Was Moving Ahead Occasionally I Saw Brief Glimpses of Beauty) -- 3.1.Einsichten und Sinnesreize – die Frage nach dem Sinn (des Lebens) -- 3.2.Gesteigerte Sichtbarkeit: die Produktion und Rezeption von Glimpses -- 3.3.Der Wert des Unbeschwerten vor dem Hintergrund des Grauens -- .Dank
How do foreign students from different collectivist countries perceive interpersonal emotion regulation? A Thematic analysis in Lithuania
No full textThe main aim of our qualitative research is to find out how foreign students from different Collectivistic countries perceive interpersonal emotion regulation (IER). Using semi-structured interviews as a method of data collection and thematic analysis as a method of data analysis, we found that the majority of participants used IER to provide psychological support to their colleagues and friends in a variety of contexts—64% of participants highlighted cognitive strategies as key in emotional regulation, especially the use of temporal perspective shifting—and that, finally, the majority of the participants highlighted the evident results of the interventions, the most common of which was the increased adaptive behavior of the targets of IER. These findings highlight the persistence of cultural orientation in heterogeneous settings and suggest situational flexibility in IER strategies. They also highlight the importance of designing culturally sensitive interventions in international educational contexts. Keywords: interpersonal emotion regulation; collectivistic cultures; foreign students; semi-structured interview; thematic analysis
Information seeking in a time of war: coping with stress in Lithuania during the Russia/Ukraine war
No full textPurpose – The aim of the research reported here was to determine how Lithuanian citizens engaged in information-seeking behaviour in response to the stress caused by the Russian invasion of Ukraine. Design/methodology/approach – An interview survey was designed, using a semi-structured interview schedule. A convenience sample of 21 participants was obtained and the interviews lasted between 20 and 70 min. The schedule design was guided by the transactional theory of stress and coping and employed the Perceived Stress Scale. Findings – A majority of participants experienced moderate to high levels of stress associated with the war in Ukraine. Information seeking and discussing information found with family members and friends played a significant role in helping to moderate stress. Most of the participants understood more than one language and, consequently, were able to compare local information sources with international sources. Only five participants were active users of social media, the rest were critical of these sources. All participants valued those sources they believed to be reliable and truthful. Research limitations/implications – The small convenience sample of educated urban participants limits generalizability but provides indicative findings for future investigations into information behaviour during prolonged international conflicts. Practical implications – The study highlights the importance of media literacy in managing psychological stress during geopolitical tensions, demonstrating how strategic information seeking and social support can serve as effective coping mechanisms. Social implications – The research reveals psychological impacts of war beyond direct conflict zones, illustrating how communities develop collective emotional resilience through informed, critically engaged information practices. Originality/value – The study provides unique insights by examining war-related stress in a neighbouring country not directly experiencing conflict, applying stress-coping theory to understand intricate information seeking behaviours during a geopolitical crisis. Keywords: stress, Ukraine, information behaviour, media use, war, information-seeking behaviour, stress-coping theory
Investigation of perceived stress during COVID-19 pandemic self-isolation periods
No full textBackground and Objectives: The study purpose was to analyze possible health consequences of self-isolation during the COVID-19 pandemic, aiming to evaluate diagnostics methods. Specifically, we analyzed perceived stress of self-isolation with the aim of evaluating the suitability of psychological and laboratory diagnostics methods for routine clinical practice. In order to achieve the aim of the study, the following objectives were formulated: to compare the results of psychological and laboratory diagnostic methods between case and control groups; and to evaluate associations between psychological and laboratory stress indicators separately in case and control groups. Materials and Methods: The research study consisted of control and case groups of 28 volunteers each. The main selection criterion for the case group was self-isolation due to COVID-19 and a maximum period of 3 months after post-isolation, while the control group had to be of a similar age but did not have to be isolated or self-isolated. Both groups consisted of young (18–24 years) individuals. All participants had to fill out a Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) questionnaire and were subjected to a laboratory test for stress indicators (alpha-amylase, secretory cortisol, and immunoglobulin A) from a saliva sample. Results: A comparison of the laboratory stress indicator scores for both study groups revealed statistically significant differences between the clinical subgroups, i.e., the distributions of the control and case groups were significantly different within the affected case group and control. The values obtained for study groups and PSS scores showed no discrepancies between the two investigation methods, i.e., PSS assessment and laboratory stress indicators results. The PSS values between the clinical groups were significantly different from each other, suggesting that the laboratory stress indicator scores differed but were consistent or complementary to the PSS results. A separate comparison of age and stress indicator levels in the control group revealed a correlation between age and PSS scores, indicating that younger individuals were more prone to subjective perception of moderate stress. Conclusions: The results showed that COVID-19 self-isolation during quarantine affected people’s psychological health. Using psychological examination and laboratory stress indicators, the results of the case group reliably differed from the results of the control group, allowing us to conclude that self-isolation more often caused moderate chronic stress, with or without decompensation. Besides the main study objective, we observed that laboratory stress biomarkers may be acceptable for broader clinical application during routine psychological treatment. The clinical application of laboratory stress biomarkers had been validated previously by another method, i.e., psychological investigation using PSS. Keywords: self-isolation; psychological examination; laboratory stress indicators
Implementing competency-based education through the personalized monitoring of primary students' progress and assessment
No full textCompetency-based education is an educational paradigm with the primary goal of combining theoretical knowledge and practical skills, giving students the opportunity to effectively apply learning outcomes in real-life situations. This approach focuses on preparing students for life’s challenges by nurturing them as independent, critical, and creative thinkers who can adapt to an ever-changing environment. This article examines the process of competency-based assessment and progress monitoring in primary grades. The study conducted a qualitative content analysis of observed lessons and teacher interviews to reveal how assessment and continuous progress monitoring can contribute to comprehensive student development. Ten primary school teachers participated in the study, responding to researchers’ questions about competency-based education and their practices in assessment and progress monitoring. The article presents the results of a qualitative study aimed at evaluating the process of competence-based assessment and progress monitoring in primary school classrooms. The study results revealed that, in assessing student progress, teachers find it important for students to not only demonstrate knowledge in different situations but also gain a clearer understanding of their learning goals and have opportunities for growth. Such an assessment system not only helps students develop self-reflection but also encourages them to take responsibility for their learning process, continually improve, and strive for higher competency achievement. Keywords: competency-based education; assessment; personalized monitoring; student progress; primary school students
Raibuliavimas (making ripples): student-athletes action safe sport in Lithuania
No full textAthlete voice is fundamental to good governance; however, sports organisations have been slow to involve young people in safe sport initiatives. In Lithuania, the location of this study, athlete welfare issues are rarely discussed, and the development of a safe sport environment is new to the policy agenda. This project aimed to empower a cohort of student-athletes to promote good practice and safe sport in Lithuania. A secondary aim was to understand the content areas that young athletes prioritised in promoting safe sport. 17 Lithuanian university student-athletes worked in small groups to identify a safe sport issue that was relevant in their country and created awareness-raising poster campaigns to start conversations about it. Focus group interviews were conducted with participants who highlighted the need to challenge "taken-for-granted" ideas about athlete welfare and the importance of involving young athletes in advancing the welfare and safe sport agendas. Keywords: Athlete voice, Athlete welfare, safe sport, Lithuania, youth participation
Features of Ukrainian pysankas and Lithuanian margučiai: types and techniques of creation
No full textThe article presents a comparative analysis of Ukrainian pysanka and Lithuanian margučiai. It examines the peculiarities of the terminology and semantics of the names 'pysanka', 'margutis', 'Easter egg'; identifies common and distinctive techniques, the difference in the tools used, which determine the basis of the visual lexicon: techniques and pictorial elements of Ukrainian pysanka and Lithuanian margučiai. The purpose of the article is to study the artistic and stylistic features of Ukrainian pysanka and Lithuanian margučiai; to identify common and distinctive features in the technique, tools and materials used. The aims and objectives of the study determined the use of comparative studies, historical and comparative analysis as the main research methods. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the fact that for the first time the terminology, classification, technical, technological and stylistic features of Ukrainian and Lithuanian Easter eggs are compared. The study concludes that the names 'pysanka' and 'margutis' have a common basis with the original meaning 'to make colourful, to decorate', which is explained by the fact that the Ukrainian and Lithuanian languages belong to the common Indo-European language family. It is argued that the names 'pysanka' (margutis) and 'Easter egg' are not synonymous, as they have different semantic codes rooted in opposite worldview paradigms: pagan mythological and religious Christian. It was found that the traditional types of ceremonial eggs common in Ukraine: krashanka, krapanka, pysanka and driapanka are available in Lithuania (except for krapanka). Instead, Easter eggs painted with wax, which is not removed, are widespread in Lithuania; in Ukraine, this type of Easter egg is used in the culture of certain ethnic groups of the Carpathians. Key words: Ukraine, Lithuania, pysanka, margutis, painting technique, culture
Vilna Jewish periodicals of the 19th century: publishers, authors and envisioned readers
No full textŽydų švietėjų – maskilų – periodinė spauda atsirado sykiu su paties Haskalos (žydų Apšvietos) sąjūdžio pradžia XVIII a. antrojoje pusėje Vokietijoje. Jos raida tęsėsi Austrijos-Vengrijos, o vėliau ir Rusijos imperijoje. Vilniuje buvo įsteigti pirmieji Rusijos imperijos žydų periodiniai leidiniai: hebrajiški žurnalai Pirche Tsafon („Šiaurės gėlės“) ir Ha-karmel („Karmelio kalnas“). Tiek Vakarų, tiek Rytų Haskalos periodikos svarbi funkcija buvo vykdyti sąjūdžio edukacinę bei ideologinę programą žydų tapatybei naujai konstruoti, užgožiant kai kurias jos tradicines religines sudedamąsias dalis, kartu diegiant naujus elementus, skirtą žydams suartinti su juos supančių tautų ir apskritai pasaulio kultūra. Pristatoma Vilniaus žydų švietėjų periodinė spauda Haskalos idėjų kontekste. Nagrinėjamas vilnietiškų maskiliškų leidinių turinys, leidėjų ir autorių strategijos, iškeliamos prielaidos, į kokį skaitytoją šie leidiniai kreipėsi ir kokį siekė suformuoti, kiek sėkmingi buvo šie bandymai. Reikšminiai žodžiai: Haskala, maskilai, žydų periodiniai leidiniai, hebrajų kalba, jidiš kalba, Pirche tsafon, Ha-karmel.Periodical press of the Jewish enlighteners, maskilim, was born with the Haskalah movement itself in the second half of the 18th c., in Germany. It evolved further in Austria-Hungary, and later in the Russian empire. The first maskilic periodicals of Russian empire, the Hebrew magazines Pirche Tsafon („The Northen Flowers“) and Ha-karmel („The Mount of Carmel“), were published in Vilna. An important goal of the Haskalah movements, in the Western as well as the Eastern Europe, was the realization of a broad educational and ideological program aimed at the constructing of a new Jewish identity that will dull some of its traditional elements while enriching it by new ones, those that would bring the Jews closer to the culture of their immediate surroundings and the world culture in general. The paper discusses the content of the Vilna maskilic periodicals, the strategies of the editors and authors, the projected audience and attempts of forming it, and tries to ascertain the success of this enterprise. Keywords: Haskalah, maskilim, Jewish periodical press, Hebrew language, Yiddish language, Pirche tsafon, Ha-karmel
Confiscation beyond the all-crime approach and the proportionality principle - a case of the Lithuanian illicit enrichment offence concept
No full textThe article discusses the ultimate limits of crime proceeds control measures from the perspective of the proportionality principle. The concept of the general illicit enrichment offence (GIEO) is explored as it is considered one of the most radical illicit asset control measures. It is based on two extreme elements: first, it reaches broadly beyond the all-crime proceeds approach and targets any unexplained assets. Secondly, it provides highly intrusive measures, involving both the confiscation of assets and, in addition, criminal sanctions. The advantages and risks of the concept are examined from both practical and basic legal principle perspectives. The author presents recent results from the Lithuanian penal justice system, where the GIEO has been introduced into penal law and practice since the end of 2010. A rich body of case law from the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) and European Union Court of Justice (EUCJ) serves as the background of the analysis. The author concludes that the concept of GEIO is in conflict with the proportionality principle. Although the Lithuanian Constitutional Court did not find proportionality issues with the GIEO, the prospects of successful challenges with respect to the proportionality principle in the ECtHR and the EUCJ appear promising. Keywords: illicit enrichment; proportionality principle; crime proceeds; confiscation; corruption