“Lituanistika”, International Research Database
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Physical literacy of physical education teachers and the application of physical literacy components during physical education classes
No full textThis study emphasizes the importance of a teacher’s adaptability in conveying knowledge and the varied interpretations of exercises among educators. While there is an evident difference in how physical education (PE) is approached, the common thread is the motivation and involvement of students. Promoting physical activity and forming associated habits at school has a major impact on a person’s entire life. Students should learn these skills through PE classes led by physically literate teachers. The aim of this study was to determine PE teachers’ physical literacy (PL), their understanding of the concept of PL, and the application of its components in PE classes. In the first phase of the research questionnaire survey of 81 PE teachers, the aim was to determine their physical literacy. In the second phase, observations were conducted to assess which components of PL teachers use during PE classes. In the third phase, a group interview was conducted to determine the opinions of PE teachers on the components of PL and its application. Teachers with a normal BMI and teaching higher grade students (p <0.05) had significantly higher PL scores than those with a BMI that was too high (p <0.05). Additionally, correlation analysis (r = −0.247, p <0.05) showed that as BMI decreased, the PL score increased. Only two aspects of PL are developed during PE classes—competence and motivation. Very little or no elements of knowledge and understanding of physical activities and associated health benefits, and ways to reduce sedentary time and promote daily habits were observed. PE teachers’ interviews revealed that they recognized PL as a holistic concept for the development of a person’s physical abilities and knowledge. PE specialists also suggested teaching methods that could be applied outside of classes and acknowledged shared problems that reduce students’ motivation to move and how to address them. This study highlights the complexity of the concept of PL and reveals many areas for future research: searching for a universal assessment of PL and focusing on the concept of promoting new, creative, less linear ways of assessing and teaching PL. Keywords: movement; motivation; physical competence; physical education; physical literacy
Role of six turn-initial demonstrative and emotive particles in Lithuanian
No full textThe present study deals with the inventory and functional variation of six turn-initial particles in Lithuanian. The aim of the study is to identify the functions of the demonstrative turn-initial particles tai, va, and štai and the emotive particles o, nagi, and ogi in spoken discourse, namely in spontaneous private conversations, and in literary dialogues by exploring the relationship of the particles to a previous and emerging turn. The data for the study have been retrieved from the Corpus of Spoken Lithuanian and from the subcorpora of spoken discourse and fiction in the Corpus of the Contemporary Lithuanian Language. The most frequent turn-initial particles in spoken interactions are o, tai, and va, whereas in literary dialogues the particles nagi and ogi occur most frequently turn-initially. Both tai and va are speaker-oriented and express the speaker’s conclusion on the basis of the arguments in a previous turn, agreement or disagreement with the addressee, and elaboration of information. The particle o is addressee-oriented, since it frames the speaker’s question and emphasises the intention to elicit an answer from the addressee. Nagi and ogi tend to occur in directives or emphatic responses and are speaker-oriented in a similar way to tai and va. Keywords: turn-initial particles, speaker-oriented, addressee-oriented, spoken discourse, fiction
Speech audiometry: the development of Lithuanian bisyllabic phonemically balanced word lists for evaluation of speech recognition
No full textBackground and Objectives: Speech audiometry employs standardized materials, typically in the language spoken by the target population. Language-specific nuances, including phonological features, influence speech perception and recognition. The material of speech audiometry tests for the assessment of word recognition comprises lists of words that are phonemically or phonetically balanced. As auditory perception is influenced by a variety of linguistic features, it is necessary to develop test materials for the listener’s mother tongue. The objective of our study was to compose and evaluate new lists of Lithuanian words to assess speech recognition abilities. Materials and Methods: The main criteria for composing new lists of Lithuanian words included the syllable structure and frequency, the correlation between consonant and vowel phonemes, the frequency of specific vowel and consonant phonemes, word familiarity and rate. The words for the new lists were chosen from the Frequency Dictionary of Written Lithuanian according to the above criteria. Word recognition was assessed at different levels of presentations. The word list data were analyzed using a linear mixed-effect model for repeated measures. Results: Two hundred bisyllabic words were selected and organized into four lists. The results showed no statistically significant difference between the four sets of words. The interaction of the word list and presentation level was not statistically significant. Conclusions: Monaural performance functions indicated good inter-list reliability with no significant differences between the word recognition scores on the different bisyllabic word lists at each of the tested intensities. The word lists developed are equivalent, reliable and can be valuable for assessing speech recognition in a variety of conditions, including diagnosis, hearing rehabilitation and research. Keywords: speech; recognition; audiometry; phonetic; bisyllabic word
The Effect of brand association and brand image on the brand awareness of Lithuanian companies of digital products
No full textPurpose: Brand awareness enables brand recognition in different market conditions, which is very important for companies selling digital products or providing digital services. Purpose of this paper is to determine the effect of brand association and brand image on the brand awareness of Lithuanian companies of digital products. These factors are important and have an impact on brand awareness, but their impact on the brand awareness of digital products in particular has not been investigated. Methods: A questionnaire was conducted to a sample of 403 consumers who buy and use digital products in Lithuania. The Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) model was created and a statistically significant direct positive impact of brand association and brand image on brand awareness of companies of digital products was determined. Results: The empirical research of the effect of brand association and brand image on the brand awareness of Lithuanian companies of digital products revealed a statistically significant direct positive impact of brand association and brand image on brand awareness of companies of digital products. The strongest direct positive impact of brand image on brand awareness than brand association. Conclusion: The findings of research provide valuable insights into the crucial role played by brand association and brand image in building brand awareness for companies of digital products. Keywords: brand awareness, brand association, brand image, digital products
An "Empty Place"? The transformation of the industrial landscape in contemporary Lithuania
No full textBy focusing on the changes to the industrial landscape that can be identified visually and within the materiality of the built environment, this paper discusses the transformation of the industrial landscape and its meaning that has been produced by the human agency that has emerged in damaged industrial places after the restoration of Lithuania’s independence and post-Soviet deindustrialisation. It shows that there is a sense of emptiness related to the ruination and abandonment of the industrial landscape in people’s experiences and memories of Soviet industrial districts. However, it is evident that such emptiness is a transitional stage that creates the conditions for the emergence of new beginnings. The paper reveals that the industrial districts today are active places in which various individual economic activities and economic structures have emerged. The research is based on the two Lithuanian former Soviet industrial cities of Alytus and Marijampolė. Key words: landscape, industrial place, visuality, post-Soviet deindustrialisation, Lithuania
Nature in Lithuania’s/Lithuanian identity
No full textTokie svarbūs lietuviškojo tapatumo dėmenys kaip kalba, papročiai ir istorija seniai ir plačiai tyrinėjami bei visuotinai pasitelkiami aiškinant tautinę tapatybę ir tautinę savimonę. Įdomu, kad pirmąjį lietuvišką etnografinį ir kraštotyros žurnalą „Gimtasai kraštas“ tarpukariu (1934-1943) leidusi Šiaulių kraštotyros draugija tarp lietuviškumą sudarančių ypatybių įtraukė gamtą ir gamtos objektus. Straipsnyje keliamas klausimas, kuo ypatingas lietuvio santykis su gamta ir kiek jis išties svarbus lietuvio tautiniam tapatumui. Taigi, straipsnio objektas - gamtos samprata, ryškėjanti žurnalo „Gimtasai kraštas“ (GK) straipsniuose, prieinamuose „Epaveldo“ elektroninėje duomenų bazėje. Žurnalo pasirinkimą tyrimui lėmė tai, kad jo leidimo laikotarpiu apskritai ir, skyrium, jo leidėjų pastangomis buvo ugdoma bei puoselėjama lietuviškoji tautinė tapatybė, skaitytojai skatinti pažinti ir saugoti lietuvių stiprybės šaltinį - Lietuvos gamtą ir senovės kultūrą (Mūsų siekimai 1934: 1). Didžiąją žurnalo turinio dalį sudaro Lietuvos ir atskirų jos vietovių istoriją, archeologiją, papročius, materialinę kultūrą ir gamtą pristatantys bei paties kraštotyrinio darbo metodiką nagrinėjantys straipsniai. Nuodugniai peržiūrėjus visus žurnalo numerius, atrinkti straipsniai, kuriuose aprašoma gamta ir gamtos ar gamtoje atsidūrę kultūros objektai: piliakalniai, alkakalniai, pilkapiai, ežerai, atskiri medžiai (ąžuolai), akmenys ir kt. arba jų grupė apibrėžtoje vietovėje. Atsižvelgiama ir į žurnale paskelbtus kelionių, iškylų, ekskursijų gamtoje bei gamtos vaizdų aprašymus. Kreipiamas dėmesys į tai, koks papildomas turinys - istorinis, folklorinis, kalbinis ar kt. - „prikabintas“ prie aprašomo gamtos objekto. Reikšminiai žodžiai: lietuvio / lietuviškoji tapatybė; gamta ir gamtos objektai; kraštotyra.The article raises the question of what makes the Lithuanian relationship with nature unique and how important it truly is to Lithuanian national identity. It is interesting that the first Lithuanian ethnographic and regional studies journal Gimtasai kraštas (Native Land), published in the interwar period (1934-1943) by the Šiauliai Regional Studies Society, included nature and natural objects among the features that constitute Lithuanian identity. After reviewing all the journal issues, articles describing nature and cultural objects found in nature - such as hillforts, barrows, lakes, individual trees (oaks), and stones, or groups of them in a defined area - were selected. Attention is drawn to descriptions supplemented by historical, folkloric, and linguistic data. Most often, nature (natural objects or their aggregate in a specific area) is presented as witnesses of antiquity. When describing them, cultural narratives always emerge, with culture “dressing” nature like a garment on a body. Thus, the natural objects described in Gimtasai kraštas also depend on culture to some extent. Nature itself, purely natural objects, are almost independent, seemingly unnoticed and unnecessary on their own. It’s as if nature itself doesn’t exist for humans. But can it be otherwise if the concept and the very word “nature” inevitably belong to human culture? In Lithuanian culture, nature primarily evokes ancient tradition and ancient religiosity, often even referred to as “nature worship.” It is precisely this culturally-transformed nature that has become an element of Lithuanian identity
Uncovering slow memory in the narratives of Lithuania's post-communist transformation
No full textThis article contributes to the field of memory studies by exploring the potential application of the slow memory concept in analysing the narratives of individuals versus far-right politicians. Through an analysis of oral history interviews and far-right populist narratives about the post-communist transformation in Lithuania, the study reveals that only a minority of narratives can be described as slow memory. Narratives of disappointment and perseverance lack specific decisions or events but instead highlight more mundane, everyday experiences. They focus on long-term change and reform and can be considered examples of slow memory. The findings suggest that one key characteristic of slow memory is its absence from public discourse and political space in a complete and comprehensive form. Political narratives tend to foreground specific events or leaders, thereby obscuring the complex, multidimensional nature of slow memory. This analysis of political narratives raises questions about the possibility of slow memory within political discourse more broadly. Keywords: slow memory, populist far-right, post-communist transformation, counter-narratives
Enhancing organizational resilience: sustainable development scenarios incorporating disaster impacts and AI tools
No full textThe intensification of human activities and the escalating impact of climate change have increased the probability of disasters, making it important to develop sustainable development scenarios that consider potential disaster consequences. However, disasters are indirectly represented in the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and often overshadowed by other topics. This study focuses on disaster effects in the context of sustainable development. We conducted a sociological survey with 30 respondents from Lithuanian companies, half of which were large manufacturing enterprises, and found that only 37% had encountered sustainable development and disaster management issues, with a similar proportion actively developing related scenarios. Although external stakeholders often participate, 57% of the respondents indicated that their company acts independently on these matters. Large companies rated their disaster preparedness higher (3.5/5) than SMEs (2.9/5) or micro-companies (2.8/5). Rapid response and liquidation of disaster consequences was deemed more important (4.5/5) than risk management and resilience-building scenarios (3.8/5). Using correlation and mutual information analyses, we uncovered linear and non-linear dependencies, showing that psychological stress among employees negatively correlates with the importance assigned to SDGs during disasters. Additionally, we demonstrated how generative AI tools, such as ChatGPT, can transform survey results into tailored scenarios. These findings provide practical insights and methodologies for enhancing organizational resilience and sustainability, even with limited resources. Keywords: sustainable development; disaster management; scenario generation; artificial intelligence; ChatGPT; prompt engineering; sustainable development goals; disaster preparedness; mutual information analysis; Lithuanian manufacturing companies
The Relationship between clinical environment and adverse events reporting: evidence from Lithuania
No full textBackground: The clinical environment plays a crucial role in patient safety, as it encompasses the physical, organizational, and cultural aspects of healthcare delivery. Adverse events, such as active errors, can often be attributed to systemic issues within the clinical environment. Addressing and improving environmental factors is essential for minimizing adverse events and enhancing overall patient care quality. Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional design was applied. The study utilized two questionnaires: the Reporting of Clinical Adverse Events Scale (RoCAES) and the Revised Professional Practice Environment (RPPE) scale. A total of 1388 questionnaires were fully filled out, with a response rate of 71 percent. Results: Nurses who expressed higher levels of satisfaction with various aspects of the clinical environment were more inclined to indicate their intention to report adverse events in the future. These positive relationships suggest that a contented clinical environment fosters a greater willingness among nurses to report adverse event occurrences. Conclusion: The findings of our study support the evidence that demonstrated that the clinical environment plays a significant role in influencing the reporting of adverse events in healthcare settings. It significantly influences nurses’ attitudes, quality of care, and adverse event reporting rate. Keywords: clinical environment; adverse events; patient safety; nursing practice
The Forest brothers in the Soviet-occupied Baltic States
No full textIllegal aggression, occupation, repression of the inhabitants of occupied territory, forced deportation and mobilisation into the armed forces of the occupying State – these keywords in Europe today relate primarily to the events of the past year in the Russian Federation-occupied territories in Ukraine. At the same time, they describe what happened in Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania some 80 years ago. Unlike Ukraine, in 1940 the governments of the Baltic States decided to capitulate without offering any armed resistance to the occupying forces. However, reconciliation with occupation, the destruction of these States and terror by foreign authorities were unacceptable to a large part of the population. Therefore, the overwhelming security forces of the Soviet Union were met with spontaneous resistance by guerillas called the Forest Brothers. This article analyses the confrontation between the Forest Brothers and the Soviet Union from the perspective of international law. It outlines the nature of this confrontation and ideologies of the parties involved in the conflict. Next, it establishes the international law of war in force at the time and based on that makes an attempt to qualify the legal status of the Forest Brothers. This enables an understanding of the specific rights and obligations of the Forest Brothers in this armed conflict. Keywords: Soviet occupation; Forest Brothers; partisan warfare; anti-partisan warfare; international war law; international criminal law