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Õpetajaameti meediakuvand 2024. aasta jaanuaris toimunud haridustöötajate streigi meediakajastuste näitel: õpetajate vaade, tajutud mõju ja parendusettepanekud
Get PDFhttps://www.ester.ee/record=b5752145*es
Registriandmetest kliinilisse praktikasse: müokardiinfarkti käsitlus ja ennetus Eestis ja Euroopas
Get PDFDoktoritöö elektrooniline versioon ei sisalda publikatsiooneEestis on südamelihaseinfarkti (müokardiinfarkti, MI) järgne suremus viimastel kümnenditel langenud, kuid langus on olnud aeglasem kui Põhjamaades ning viimasel ajal veelgi pidurdunud. Üks põhjus peitub patsientides: erakorraliselt jõuab haiglasse üha rohkem nooremaid kõrge metaboolse riskiga inimesi (ülekaalulised, II tüüpi diabeediga, kõrge vererõhuga patsiendid) ning samal ajal lisandub väga eakaid ja mitmete kaasuvate haigustega patsiente. „Tüüpilist“ MI-patsienti kohtab üha harvem; erinevad riskiprofiilid vajavad erinevaid lahendusi. Eesti suurim kasutamata võimalus on süstemaatiline järelravi ja sekundaarne preventsioon - st uue MI ja surma ennetamine järjekindla medikamentoosse ravi, taastusravi ja selgete ravieesmärkide abil.
Oma doktoritöös uuris kardioloog Piret Asser Eesti Müokardiinfarktiregistri (EMIR) andmeid ja võrdles neid Rootsi, Norra ja Ungari registritega. Eestis on ägeda seisundi ravi haigla etapil selgelt paranenud, paraku aga tekivad lüngad edasises käsitluses. Võrreldes Põhjamaadega püsib MI järgne pikaajaline suremus kõrgem — selle põhjuseks on liiga hiline abi otsimine, kõrge riskiga MI-patsientide alaravi ja ebaühtlane järelravi.
Uurimustöö toob esile ka südame ja neerude vahelise seose. Isegi kerge neerufunktsiooni langus noorematel MI-patsientidel seostub kõrgema suremusega. Vanemaealistel hoiavad absoluutset riski kõrgel muud haigused. Kuna neerud aitavad reguleerida vererõhku, vedelikutasakaalu ja põletikku, võimendab halvenev neerutalitlus vaikselt südame-veresoonkonna riski.
Põhjamaade kogemusest on palju õppida: haiglast väljakirjutamine on alles stardipauk, mitte finiš. Taastusravi on standard, mitte erand; sellele järgneb selge jälgimisplaan koos isiklike eesmärkidega vererõhu, LDL kolesterooli ja veresuhkur väärtuste jaoks ning süsteemne, registriandmetel põhinev tagasiside. Eesti liigub samas suunas ja patsientide ravijärgimine on paranenud, kuid ühtne üleriigiline MI patsienditeekond on veel väljakujunemisel. Suurima võidu MI järgse suremuse langetamisel saame pärast haiglaravi: süsteemsest järelkontrollist, taastusravist ja jõulisest sekundaarse preventsiooni rakendamisest.Post–heart attack (myocardial infarction, MI) mortality in Estonia has fallen over recent decades, but the decline is slower than in the Nordic countries and has lately lost pace. One reason is a changing patient mix: emergency rooms see more younger people with high metabolic risk (patients who are overweight, with type 2 diabetes and high blood pressure) alongside very elderly patients with multiple conditions. The “typical” MI patient is rare; different risk profiles need different solutions. Estonia’s biggest unused lever is systematic post-MI follow-up and secondary prevention.
In her PhD thesis, cardiologist Piret Asser investigated data from the Estonian Myocardial Infarction Registry (EMIR) and compared it with registries from Sweden, Norway and Hungary. Estonia’s acute hospital care has improved markedly: the path from ambulance to catheterisation is shorter, blocked arteries are opened faster, and evidence-based medicines reach patients more reliably. The gap appears after discharge. Compared with the Nordics, long-term mortality remains higher, driven by delays in seeking help, undertreatment of high-risk patients, and uneven follow-up.
The thesis also underscores the heart–kidney link. Even mild kidney impairment in younger MI patients is associated with higher mortality. In older adults, other illnesses keep absolute risk high. Because the kidneys regulate blood pressure, fluid balance and inflammation, declining renal function quietly amplifies cardiovascular risk.
Nordic experience shows what works: after MI, discharge is only the starting line, rehabilitation as standard, follow-up plans with personal targets, and registry-based feedback. Estonia is moving this way and medication adherence has improved, yet a consistent, nationwide aftercare pathway is still taking shape. The next big gains will come after the hospital—from organised follow-up, rehabilitation and steadfast secondary prevention.https://www.ester.ee/record=b597348
Russia’s National Identity Report - 2020
Get PDFIn 2020, the dominant Russia’s national identity narrative is one of State-Centric Stability, which highlights the elites’ desires to unify the national identity around legitimate authority, historical continuity, and traditional values. These discourses are challenged by the mass disillusionment and disappointment over social inequalities and in-justices.
Elite’s State-Centric Stability discourse emphasizes sovereign statehood, political stability, historical continuity, and moral order. This discourse presents strong centralized authority as both legitimate and necessary, anchors national identity in the memory of the Second World War, and frames traditional social values as essential to cohesion. External actors—particularly the United States and the West—are portrayed as adversarial, reinforcing significance of sovereignty and justifying political centralization.
This dominant narrative is countered by a competing set of discourses that emphasize institutional distrust, systemic corruption, class inequality, and social disillusionment. They expose the gap between official narratives of stability and the lived realities of injustice ordinary masses are exposed to daily. Authority, law, and economic order are thus assessed as hollow or selectively applied, even when individual actors are portrayed sympathetically
Noorte õigusrikkujate erikohtlemine Eestis ISRD-andmete valguses: lapse õigustel põhinev lähenemine
Get PDFDoktoritöö elektrooniline versioon ei sisalda publikatsiooneKui noor läheb seadusega pahuksisse – millist reaktsiooni ta päriselt vajab?
Iga vanem loodab, et tema laps ei satu kunagi politsei ega kohtu vaatevälja. Ometi proovivad enamik noori teismeeas piire – mõnikord ka seadust rikkudes. Tartu Ülikooli õigusteaduskonnas kaitstud kriminoloogia doktoritöö küsib: kuidas reageerida nii, et noor õpiks, aga talle ei jääks elu alguses „kurjategija“ silti külge?
Anna Markina tugineb rahvusvahelise noorte hälbiva käitumise uuringu ISRD andmetele, mida on Eestis kogutud kolmes laines. Küsimustikud näitavad, kui paljud 12–16-aastased on varastanud, kakelnud, tarbinud alkoholi või olnud vägivalla ohvrid – ka siis, kui politsei sellest kunagi teada ei saa.
Tulemused kinnitavad: enamik noori „kasvab välja“ väiksematest rikkumistest, eriti kui kodu, kool ja võrgustik pakuvad tuge. Seetõttu ei peaks karistus olema esimene valik. Kui riik vastab ainult karistusega ega paku noorele tuge ja võimalust muutusteks, võib ka väikseim rikkumine saada kriminaalse karjääri alguseks.
Töö keskmes on 2018. aasta alaealiste erikohtlemise reform. Selle järel kadusid alaealiste komisjonid ning suurem roll anti prokurörile ja kohtule. Seadus näeb ette, et 14–17-aastast tuleb eelistatult suunata hoiatuse, konfliktivahenduse, sotsiaalprogrammide, ühiskondliku töö ning ravi- ja nõustamisteenuste poole. Vabadusekaotus jääb viimaseks abinõuks. Reformi alguses kardeti, et „leebem“ reageerimine tekitab karistamatuse tunde ja kasvatab kuritegevust, kuid doktoritöö näitab, et seda ei ole juhtunud.
Töös võrreldakse Eesti süsteemi lapse õiguste konventsiooni ja Euroopa „lapsesõbraliku õigusemõistmise“ põhimõtetega. Järeldus on ettevaatlikult optimistlik: liigume õiges suunas, kui koolid, lastekaitse, sotsiaal- ja õigussüsteem suudavad hoida noore fookuses. Arukas reageerimine noorte õigusrikkumistele ei küsi ainult, mis tegu tehti, vaid ka seda, milline noor on meie ees ja milline sekkumine aitab tal päriselt eluga edasi minna.When a Young Person Breaks the Law: What Kind of Support Do They Truly Need?
Every parent hopes that their child will never attract the attention of the police or the courts. However, it’s common for teenagers to test boundaries, which sometimes results in breaking the law. This PhD thesis in criminology, presented at the University of Tartu School of Law, explores how the state can respond in a way that helps a young person learn from their experiences without labelling them a “criminal” at the beginning of their adult life.
Anna Markina draws on data from the International Self-Report Delinquency Study (ISRD), collected in Estonia across three waves. The school-based questionnaires reveal how many 12–16-year-olds have engaged in activities such as stealing, fighting, consuming alcohol, or experiencing violence as victims – even in cases where the police are never informed.
The results confirm an important truth: most young people tend to “grow out of” minor offences, especially when they receive support from their home, school, and social networks. This suggests that punishment should not be the primary response. If the state only resorts to punishment without providing support and opportunities for change, even a minor offence can mark the beginning of a criminal career.
The central focus of the thesis is the youth justice reform in Estonia, which took place in 2018. As a result of this reform, juvenile committees were abolished, and prosecutors and courts were given a greater role in the justice process. The law now stipulates that individuals aged 14 to 17 should primarily be directed towards alternatives such as warnings, restorative dialogue, social programs, community service, and treatment or counseling services, rather than facing punishment. While deprivation of liberty remains an option, it is considered only as a last resort. Initially, there were concerns that this “softer” approach might create a sense of impunity among young people and lead to an increase in crime. However, the thesis demonstrates that this has not been the case.
The study compares the Estonian system to the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child and European principles regarding child-friendly justice. The conclusion is cautiously optimistic: Estonia is progressing in the right direction, as long as schools, child protection services, social services, and the justice system remain focused on the young individual. A thoughtful approach to juvenile offending considers not only the actions committed but also the identity of the young person and which interventions will truly help them move forward in life.https://www.ester.ee/record=b602156
Põhja-Euroopa suurliblikate fülogeneesipuu koostamine
Get PDFDoktoritöö elektrooniline versioon ei sisalda publikatsioonePole kaugeltki veel lõpuni teada, millised putukaliigid on üksteisele kaugemad, millised lähemad sugulased. DNA järjestustel põhinevate evolutsioonipuude koostamine aitab sellesse küsimusse selgust tuua. Käesolevas uurimistöös koostati ööliblikate sugukondade sirptiiblased (Drepanidae), vaksiklased (Geometridae) ja öölased (Noctuidae) evolutsioonipuud, keskendudes Põhja-Euroopa liikidele. Selleks kasutati Sangeri ja järgmise põlvkonna sekveneerimise teel hangitud andmete kombinatsiooni, mis integreeriti avalikult kättesaadavate genoomiandmetega. Sirptiiblaste puhul kinnitas 37 liigi analüüs, et kõik neli alamsugukonda moodustavad tõesti evolutsioonipuu eraldiseisvad harud. Lisaks näitas analüüs, et sugukonnale iseloomulikud pikenenud tiivatipud on evolutsiooni käigus korduvalt kadunud ning et nii “talveliblikad” kui roosa/oranžikirju tiivakirjaga perekonnad kuuluvad fülogeneetiliselt selgelt eristnud rühmadesse. Vaksiklaste põhjalik fülogeneetiline analüüs, mis tugines 117 liigi enam kui 600 DNA lookusel ning mida täiendati 376 Põhja-Euroopa liigi puhul Sangeri meetodiga sekveneerimise teel saadud andmetega, andis tulemuseks statistiliselt usaldusväärse sugupuu, mis viis mitme muudatuseni süstemaatikas. Sellisteks muudatusteks on muuhulgas uute triibuste Lampropterygini ja Pelurgini kirjeldamine, perekondade Ochyria, Epelis ja Speranza “taaselustamine” ning mitme triibuse piiride täpsustamine nende monofüleetilisuse säilitamiseks. Öölaste puhul andis 333 liigi fülogeneoomiline analüüs statistiliselt hästi toetatud sugupuu, mis kinnitas peamisi sugulussuhteid ja viis mitme taksonoomilise muudatuseni. Need muudatused hõlmasid sünonüümiseerimisi, paaril juhul taksonoomilise taseme ümberhindamist ning mitme perekonna “taaselustamist”. Ajas kalibreeritud analüüs näitas, et triibus juureöölased (Apameini) eristus ligikaudu 8,7 miljonit aastat tagasi – palju hiljem kui seni arvati – ning et röövikute toitumine oma toidutaime sees võis hilises miotseenis toimunud rohumaade laienemise ajal soodustada selle rühma mitmekesistumist.It is still not fully known which insect species are more closely or more distantly related to each other. Constructing evolutionary trees based on DNA sequences helps to clarify this question. In the present study, evolutionary trees were constructed for the moth families Drepanidae, Geometridae, and Noctuidae, with emphasis on northern European species. The present study used a combination of Sanger and next-generation sequencing data which were integrated with publicly available genomic resources. For Drepanidae, analyses of 37 species confirmed that the four subfamilies really form separate branches of the phylogenetic tree. Moreover, repeated losses of characteristic hooked wingtips were revealed, as well as distinct groups comprising only “winter moths” and pink/orange-marked genera. A comprehensive phylogenetic analysis of north European Geometridae, built from over 600 loci for 117 species and expanded with Sanger sequencing data for 376 species, produced a well-supported tree leading to several taxonomic revisions. These included describing new tribes (Lampropterygini, Pelurgini), reviving genera (Ochyria, Epelis, Speranza), and redefining several tribes. In Noctuidae, phylogenomic analyses of 333 species yielded a robust tree confirming key relationships and prompting several taxonomic updates, such as synonymizations, updates in taxon ranks, and reinstatements of several genera and tribes. Time-calibrated analyses of Noctuidae indicated that the tribe Apameini diversified around 8.7 million years ago – much later than previously thought – and that the switch of larvae to feed within their host plants may have promoted its diversification during the simultaneous late Miocene grassland expansion.https://www.ester.ee/record=b601977
State versus Technology: What drives trust in and usage of internet voting, institutional or technological trust?
Get PDFThis study examines the combined influence of technological and institutional trust on citizens’ perceptions of and engagement with Internet voting, addressing gaps in the literature on digital governance and trust. While prior research often treats these trust dimensions separately, this article explores their interplay within the context of Estonia, which has utilized Internet voting for two decades. By constructing composite indices for technological and institutional trust through factor analysis, the study offers a novel methodological approach to operationalizing trust in digital governance (within the article, digital governance and e-governance are used interchangeably) research in general and Internet voting in particular, based on post-electoral survey data.
Applying linear and logistic regression analyses, the study explicitly examines how these trust dimensions affect citizens’ trust in Internet voting systems and their actual use of such technology. The findings reveal that institutional trust is significantly more influential than technological trust, consistently emerging as the primary driver for both trusting Internet voting and engaging in its usage. Technological trust, in contrast, demonstrates only marginal predictive strength, highlighting the greater importance citizens place on institutional legitimacy, transparency, and accountability. These results emphasize the compensatory nature of institutional trust, suggesting that robust institutional frameworks allow citizens to confidently engage with complex technological systems despite limited technical understanding. Consequently, this research enhances theoretical insights into trust dynamics within digital governance, particularly in contexts where political sensitivity and institutional credibility significantly impact technology adoption
Beyond Big Tech: Alternative Digital Platforms for Collaborative and Participatory Art Historical Research
Get PDFThe selection of digital collaboration platforms impacts research participation in international digital humanities projects. This study emerged from practical challenges during the “Ted Stamm: Tags” project, a multi-institutional art historical research initiative transcribing 63 sketchbooks (1973–81) with 675 documented participant contributions. Initial reliance on Google Sheets was discontinued due to ethical concerns regarding policy changes, while the subsequent transition to Microsoft Excel created barriers for external collaborators across different institutional frameworks.
This paper investigates alternative collaborative platforms that meet European standards for data sovereignty while supporting multi-institutional research collaboration. The research question asks: What European alternative platforms exist that provide institutional compatibility and GDPR compliance without sacrificing collaborative functionality? Through a case study methodology grounded in Tags transcription project, this paper proposes an evaluation structure and planned comparative assessment of three European platforms: kSuite, LibreOffice, and Proton Drive
Documenting AI use in humanities research
Get PDFThis paper explores the critical need to document the use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in humanities research. While AI offers efficiency and analytical power, its application raises concerns about transparency, bias, and reproducibility. Existing documentation frameworks often emphasize technical aspects, overlooking the human and contextual dimensions vital to humanities scholarship. Drawing on cross-disciplinary literature, the paper advocates for integrating paradata (process-related meta-information) to capture both technical and human facets of AI use. It proposes shifting the focus from speculative future needs to documenting the transformation AI is intended to achieve within specific research contexts. Practical strategies include combining automated tools with reflective documentation practices and providing clear explanations of the purpose and expected outcomes of AI use. The paper calls for infrastructural support and a rethinking of documentation sufficiency to enhance understanding, reuse, and accountability in humanities research
Musical Performance Art 1980–1991. Sven Grünberg, Ariel Lagle
Get PDFSummary available in English / Kokkuvõte inglise keelesThe article examines the role of original music in Estonian performance art of the 1980s, focusing on two key artist-musician collaborations: Leonhard Lapin (1947–2022) / Sven Grünberg (b. 1956), and Ariel Lagle (b. 1963) / Siim-Tanel Annus (b. 1960). It highlights the often-overlooked significance of music in the audiovisual composition of the era’s performance art.
In the late 1970s, Lapin introduced the concept of multimedia to Estonian theatre audiences in his writings. In 1980, he staged Multiplitseeritud inimene (The Multiplied Human), a technophilic spectacle based on texts by the pre-war constructivist poet Johannes Vares-Barbarus (1890–1946), incorporating synthesizer sounds by Grünberg at the State Youth Theatre of the Estonian SSR. This production inspired Siim-Tanel Annus, who in December of the same year organized the first in a series of garden rituals that gradually evolved into elaborate spectacles of performance art integrating theatrical elements, design, special effects, and original music by Lagle in the late 1980s.
The article analyses these collaborations and sound design principles, focusing on minimalist and ambient music influences. Drawing on archival materials and interviews, it provides a comprehensive view of music’s vital role in shaping Estonian performance art during this period.Eesti Vabariik, KultuuriministeeriumRepublic of Estonia, Ministry of Cultur