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On-line Trajectory Planning of Robot Collision
[[abstract]]目前機器人的碰撞偵測大多通過外部感測器,如利用視覺或者反饋力矩來檢測可能發生的碰撞,這類的方法對於未知的工作環境,機器人難以利用感測器分辨出未知的障礙物,也可能將另外一台協同的機器人誤判為障礙物。除此之外,為了防止馬達損壞或者人力傷亡等因素,機器人常設計成當發生異常時,藉由碰撞偵測的功能停止馬達運轉,待問題解決再重新啟動,然而在這一連串的自動化生產過程中,若發生停機,將會導致生產流程的總時間增加。基於上述原因,本文提出了一種無感測器的碰撞偵測技術,並開發了碰撞後的軌跡規劃,將線上機器人的關節角度輸出至PC端,讓機器人彼此之間可以進行干涉測試,從而避免了感測器將協作機器人誤判為障礙物的問題,然而若以基本幾何元素進行干涉測試,其計算的代價非常高。為了能夠實現實時碰撞偵測,本研究利用幾何構造較為簡單的包圍盒取代複雜的機器人結構以簡化運算,並建構了層次包圍盒樹,若包圍盒樹的根結點發生碰撞,再遞迴對子節點進行碰撞偵測,可以快速排除不可能發生的物體對象,減少了不必要的數學開銷,最後當發生碰撞時則觸發其它事件,使機器人在不停機的狀態下,藉由飛機對飛閃避的概念更改路徑,完成任務的要求。為了使機器人發生碰撞時所更改的路徑不發生異常震動,對於修正後的運動軌跡,本文提出了許多規劃運動方程式的方法以及概念,藉由定義其軌跡的邊界條件,將機器人各位置的離散點的運動參數加以計算,使每一點的位置、速度、加速度曲線平滑,由於MATLAB的機器人工具箱其中的teach函數,增加了機器人的可視性,因此,本文以MATLAB的機器人工具箱建立雙機器人模型進行碰撞測試,並驗證理論假設之可行性。[[abstract]]Atpresent,mostoftherobotcollisiondetectionusethevisualorfeedbacktorquethroughtheexternalsensor.Therobotisdifficulttodistinguishunknownobstaclesfortheunknownworkingenvironmentwiththismethod.Itmaybeanotherrobotmisjudgedasobstacles.Inaddition,inordertopreventmotordamageorhumaninjuryandotherfactors,therobotareoftendesignedtostopmotorbycollisiondetectionfunctionwhenanabnormalityoccursuntiltheproblemissolvedandthenrestarted.However,inthisseriesofautomatedproductionprocess,iftheshutdownoccurs,itwillleadtotheproductionprocessincreasedtime.Fortheabovereasons,thispaperpresentsasensorlesscollisiondetectiontechnology,anddevelopedthetrajectoryplanningafterthecollision,OutputtherobotofjointtothePC,sothatrobotscanbecarriedoutbetweeneachotherinterferencetesting,soastoavoidthesensorwillwiththerobotasanobstacleproblem.However,ifusethebasicgeometricelementsforinterferencetesting,thecalculationofthecostisveryhigh.Therefore,inordertoachievereal-timecollisiondetection,thisstudyusesasimplegeometricstructureoftheboundingboxtoreplacethecomplexrobotstructuretosimplifytheoperationandconstructaboundingvolumehierarchy.Iftherootnodeoftheboxtreecollideswithit,itreturnstheattacktothechildnode,andthemethodcanquicklyexcludeobjectsthatcan’tcollisionoccur,andreducetheunnecessarymathematicaloverhead.Finally,whenthecollisionoccurs,theothereventsaretriggered.Becauseoftheconceptthattwoaircraftschangethetrajectorywhentheyfly,wecouldknowwhentherobotinthenon-stopstate,itwouldcompletetherequirementsofthetask.Inordertomakethecollisiondoesnotoccurabnormalvibrationwhenthetrajectoryoftherobotchange,thispaperpresentsanumberofmethodsandconceptsofplanningequationsofmotion.Definingtheboundaryconditionsofitstrajectory,thediscretepositionoftherobotPointofthemotionparameterstobecalculated,sothatthelocationofeachpoint,speed,accelerationcurvesmooth,becauseofMATLABrobottoolboxwhichteachfunction,increasethevisibilityoftherobot.SotherobottoolboxofMATLABestablishtworobotsmathematicalmodeltocollisiontestandverifythefeasibilityofthetheoreticalassumptionsforthispaper
Dynamic Stress Analysis and Multi-Objective Optimization Design of an On-Road Bicycle Frame Under Fatigue and Stiffness Test
[[abstract]]本研究以公路車車架為例,利用均勻實驗設計法對車架上管、下管與立管進行車架管件厚度及各間段長度尺寸進行設計,並規劃出多因子多水準之實驗設計,利用有限元素分析軟體ANSYS/Workbench對車架進行水平疲勞、垂直疲勞、踏力疲勞與剛性測試分析,並探討車架各設計尺寸對於車架最大等效應力值、剛性測試位移值與車體質量的影響。根據均勻實驗所得的結果,應用Kriging插值法來建立出反應曲面與數學模型,以車架質量與剛性變形量最小化為目的,透過GRG演算法對各子目標求得最佳解後,使用折衷規劃法來求得合成目標函數,運用車架改善目標來找出最佳的權重比,再針對GRG演算法找出符合各項目標所需求之最佳設計參數。最後由研究結果顯示,經由最佳化設計流程,並透過GRG演算法運算法所求得之車架尺寸其車架各目標分析結果、質量與原始車架設計值相互比較,水平疲勞最大等效應力改善2.12%、垂直疲勞最大等效應力量改善6.73%、踏力疲勞最大等效應力改善1.97%、剛性最大位移量改善1.28%、車架質量改善3.81%,故此次設計達到使公路自行車車架輕量且高強度的設計。[[abstract]]Theaimofthispaperistopresentanintegratedprocedurefortheoptimizationofdimensionsofanon-roadbicycleframeunderhorizontal,verticalandpedalingfatiguetestandstiffnesssimulation.Theprocedureiscomposedofuniformdesignofexperiments,explicitdynamicsfiniteelementanalysis,Kriginginterpolation,compromiseprogrammingmethod.Theexperimentaldesignisusedtoplanasetofexperimentswithmultiplefactorsofbikeframesizebyuniformdesign.Then,thebicycleframeineachexperimentisanalyzedbyANSYS/Workbenchtoobtainthemaximumstressanddeformationvalue.Then,Kriginginterpolationisappliedtoconstructthesurrogatemodelofpermanentdeformation,maximumstressandbicyclemassbasedontheinputandoutputdataofexperimentsimulations.Inordertogetminimizethemass,maximumstressandpermanentdeformationofbicycleframeatthesametime.First,tocomposetheeachtargetbeasingleobjectivefunctionbycompromiseprogrammingmethodwithweightingfactors.Then,thebicycleframestiffnesssimulationandmassisusedtofindthebestweightingfactors.Finally,generalizedreducedgradientalgorithmcombineGRGalgorithmmethodappliedtofindtheoptimalsolutionofdimensionsofbicycleframeunderthegoalofminimizethemass,maximumstressandpermanentdeformation.Fromresult,afterperformingtheoptimizationprocedurepresentedinthispaper,theimprovementrateofthehorizontaltestofmaximumvonMisesstressis2.12%,theverticaltestofmaximumvonMisesstressis6.73%,thepedaltestofmaximumvonMisesstressis1.97%,thestiffnessofmaximumdeformationis1.28%,themassofbicycleis3.81%.Generally,successfulachievemultiobjectdesignofoptimizationandthelightweightandhighstrengthdesignofthebicycleframe
The Study of High Thickness Reduction Rate Forging Process for Stainless Steel Sheet and In-die Annealing Process
[[abstract]]本論文之探討304不銹鋼板產生高變薄率之沖鍛製程與探討連續模具適合哪種加熱設備,其使用的製程方式為逐次成形製程,將5.3mm板件中間的材料逐次鍛壓至二側,但因304不銹鋼經過連續沖鍛後會產生加工硬化,且本研究的變形率高達40%以上,如果不去克服採材料性質將會影響到模具的壽命,所以提出模內退火製程來克服此問題,其中試驗了業界常用的電阻加熱與高週波加熱,探討接觸式與非接觸式加熱之間的差異。[[abstract]]ThisstudytheuseofStainlessSteelSheetthicknessforprogressiveforgingprocess,butStainlessSteelSheetwillhardenafterforging,thedeformationofthisstudyismorethan40%forStainlessSteelSheet,sousetheIn-dieAnnealingProcesstosolvethisproblem
Preparation and characterization of porous ordered Titanium dioxide/ Zinc oxide heterojunction film and its photodegradation studies
[[abstract]]紙本論文延後公開至2022年08月21日止[[abstract]]紙本論文延後公開至2022年08月21日
The Novel Tactile Mobile Devices Design Combined with Optical Sensing Components for the Visually Impaired
[[abstract]]紙本論文延後公開至2022年08月16日止[[abstract]]紙本論文延後公開至2022年08月16日
A Feasibility Study on Recycling of Fly Ash and Bottom Ash from Municipal Solid Waste Incineration
[[abstract]]紙本論文延後公開至2022年04月21日止[[abstract]]紙本論文延後公開至2022年04月21日
Reserch of the connection Brand Image, Service Quality, Price Promotion, Customer Satisfaction and Reproducibility.
[[abstract]]由於國人近年來飲食及消費習慣的改變,吃早餐已不像以往所要求的快速、簡單以及便利即可,反之享用早午餐已經是消費者在工作忙碌之餘的一種享受,經常利用週末的時間與親朋好友相約吃早午餐亦是近年的消費趨勢,然而今日各家早午餐品牌林立,無論是連鎖早午餐品牌或是傳統式的早餐,均為衝擊品牌的競爭威脅,然而企業處在強大的競爭環境下,為?要在市場上?住顧客並保持競爭優勢,並想方設法將品牌做優化及商品創新,甚至運用各種的行銷方式吸引消費者,本研究將對品牌形象、服務品質、價格促銷、顧客滿意進行探討並與顧客再購意願之間關係的研究,期望對實務界有所貢獻。本研究主要針對南部地區拉亞漢堡之消費者,採用網路問卷方式發放,並透過SPSS20統計軟體進行分析實證,其研究結果顯示,品牌形象好壞對於顧客滿意及再購意願有顯著的正向關係,服務品質對顧客滿意有顯著的正向關係,但對於再購意願卻無正向之關係,然而好的顧客滿意度對於再購意願則呈現顯著的正向關係,另外價格促銷對再購意願方面,舉辦促銷活動及促銷的方式確實會影響顧客再次購買之意願。[[abstract]]Duetochangesinpeople'sdietandconsumptionhabitsinrecentyears,havingbreakfastnotlikeinthepastcansatisfypeoplewithfast,convenientandeasyway.Ontheotherhand,havingbrunchisalreadyapleasureforconsumerswhileatwork.Consumersalwaysaskfamilyandfriendstohavebrunchinweekendhadbecomeaconsumertrends.Nowinthemarketwithlotsofbreakfastshop,nomattertraditionalbreakfastshoporchainbrunchbrandareallthreatentobigenterprise.However,inordertokeepcustomerandcompetitivestrengthenterprisekeepusingnewandcreativewaytomaketheirbrandbetterandevenuseavarietyofmarketingandpromotionalmethodstoattractcustomers.Thisresearchwillbebasedontheenterprisepointofview,thebrandimage,servicequality,pricepromotions,customersatisfactionandcustomerrepurchaseoftherelationshipbetweenthestudy,theexpectationsofthepracticalcommunitytocontribute.ThisresearchisbasedonLayaBurger’scustomerinsouthofTaiwanusingtheinternetquestionnaireanduseSPSS20statisticalsoftwaretoverify.AndtheresultshowsthatBrandimage’sgoodorbadforcustomersatisfactionandrepurchaseintentionhasasignificantpositiverelationshipServicequalityhasasignificantpositiverelationshiptocustomersatisfactionbuthasnopositiverelationshipforrepurchaseintention,furthermoretoraiseapricepromotiondoesaffectcustomerswillingnesstorepurchas
The Study of Key Factors to Influence Organizational Procurement - Case of OEM/ODM Semiconductor Manufacturer
[[abstract]]摘要台灣半導體產業經歷勞工集中、資金密集、技術發展,到走向技術服務產業的模式,期待能創造專業半導體封裝測試技術服務,以發展我國的經濟。由於台灣半導體產業三十多年的技術研發,已建立良好的技術基礎,成為全球半導體產業重要的一環,尤其以半導體IC設計與封裝測試服務更是不斷技術創新領先全球。然對於全球半導體產業代工模式變遷快速、產業競爭快速且劇烈,為確立台灣的競爭力、除了強化現有的專業技術外,並應持續創造新的專業技術服務,朝向專業的半導體封裝測試服務發展,以創造更高的半導體專業服務地位,是台灣半導體產業結構必需的發展趨勢。由於台灣在半導體的技術服務在國際半導體產業的價值鏈中取得領先地位,未來應持續以半導體專業技術優勢推動台灣成為半導體高階專業技術研發中心及高階專業封裝測試製造服務中心。本研究以半導體測試業來研究國際大廠對台灣OEM/ODM半導體業下訂單之關鍵因素,經過訪談分析結果得以導得以下結論,可以做為該產業之企業參考。從研究發現,企業社會責任是重要考量因素之一,也是最近才被重視,探討其原因,發現是因為國際重視人權與環境因素所造成,如富士康跳樓事件與日月光汙染後勁溪事件,引起國際大客戶嚴重關切。然而研究發現價格、品質、與製造彈性還是國際大客戶最關切因素前三名,探討其原因發現,國際競爭激烈與客製化需求更高所致。在注重創新環境下,知識與創新也是重要考慮因素,其主要因素在於國際大客戶對新產品研發特別重視。員工素質也是重要因素,因為創新與製程改善主要是根源於員工素質好壞。[[abstract]]ThesemiconductorindustryinTaiwanischaracterizedbylaborconcentration,capital-intensiveness,andrapidtechnologicalinnovation,withthetrendtowardsofferingspecializedtechnologicalservicesthatdrivecontinuouseconomicdevelopment.Taiwansemiconductorindustryplayedanimportantroleasmanufacturingbaseforthepast30yearsthankstoitsadvancedtechnologyandservices.However,facingachangingenvironment,thesemiconductorindustrynowhastoupgradeitstechnologyandoffermoreinnovativeservicesinordertoremaincompetitiveandmaintainaleadingpositionintheglobalvaluechain.Thisstudyexploresthesemiconductorpackagingandtestingindustrywiththeaimtounderstandthekeyfactorsthatinfluenceorganizationalbuyingofinternationalclients.Depthinterviewswereconductedwithtopmanagers,andaquestionnairesurveywasconductedamongmiddleandlowermanagementexecutives.Thefindingsshowthatcorporatesocialresponsibility(CSR)istheoneofkeyinfluencefactors.Humanrightsissuesandenvironmentalstandardsareofconcerntointernationalcustomersaswell,asnegativepublicityeventsconcerningsemiconductorsuppliersraisetheirattention.Inaddition,price,quality,andflexibilityareimportantdecisionfactors,asarethecapabilitytodelivercustomizedandinnovativesolutions.Finally,aforementionedcapabilitiesarebasedonexcellenthumanresources,thereforeemployeescanbeconsideredakeyinfluencefactoraswell
The Impact of Export Intensity on Stock Liquidity
[[abstract]]不同於國內經營環境,國際化營運的公司因為國外市場的特殊因素而產生較高的風險。一般投資人對於在國外從事營運的公司,較不易評估其基本價值,於是,擁有私有資訊的交易者就會利用其特殊資訊從事交易以賺取利潤。此種不同交易者間的資訊不對稱,就會導致股票流動性下降。本文以2005年至2014年台灣證券交易所的上市公司為樣本,檢驗公司的出口密集度對股票流動性的影響。實證結果發現,出口密集度越大的公司,其股票流動性越低。此結果指出,出口密集度較大的公司,具有較大的資訊不對稱程度。[[abstract]]Incontrasttofirmswhichoperateinthedomesticmarket,internationalfirmsmayhavehigherriskduetoforeignmarket-specificfactors.Itisnoteasytoevaluatethefundamentalvalueofthoseinternationalfirmsforuninformedtraders.Thus,informedtradersshouldtakeadvantageoftheirsuperiorinformationtotradeforprofits.Thestockliquiditywoulddeclinesforthehigherdegreeofinformationasymmetryofinternationalfirms.Thispaperexaminestheinfluenceofexportintensityonliquidityoffirms’sharesbyusingasampleofcompanieslistedontheTaiwanStockExchangeover2005–2014.Thefindingsshowthatthehigherexportintensityimpairsstockliquidity.Theevidenceindicatesthatfirmswithhigherexportintensityhavelargerasymmetricinformation
The Relationship among Corporate Governance, Ownership Structure and Idiosyncratic Risk
[[abstract]]本研究以2006年至2015年台灣上市櫃公司,排除金融相關產業及資料缺漏等資料,研究公司共829家,總樣本數8,290筆,透過FamaandFrench三因子模型並以GARCH(1,1)修正殘差項異質變異來估計公司特有風險,再以FamaandMacbeth迴歸方法及NeweyandWest的方法來修正t統計量。本研究由公司治理及股權結構來探討公司特有風險,並透過股權平方項來探討內部人持股是否呈非線性關係,並研究個別產業間的研究結果是否有差異,實證結果發現:公司治理、股權結構對公司特有風險的結果會因產業不同而有所差異、董事會規模越大對公司特有風險呈正向關係、董監事持股質押比率越高會降低公司特有風險、機構法人持股比率對公司特有風險在電子業呈現正向關係、內部人(董監事與經理人)持股比率對公司特有風險呈先增後減的非線性關係。[[abstract]]ThisstudyfocusesonlistedcompaniesinTaiwanfrom2006to2015whileexcludingfinance-relatedindustriesandmissingdata.Thestudyinvolvesatotalof829companies,withtotalsamplesat8,290,whicharethenappliedwithFama-Frenchthree-factormodelandGARCH(1,1)tocorrectresidualheteroskedasticityinordertoestimateidiosyncraticrisks,followedbyusingtheFama-MacbethregressionmodelfirstandthenNewey-West’smethodtocorrectt-statistics.Thisstudyinvestigatesidiosyncraticrisksusingcorporategovernanceaswellasownershipstructure.Itutilizesownershipquadratictermstoinvestigatewhetherifinternalownershipsupportsanon-linearrelationshipaswellaswhetheriftherearedifferencesbetweenresearchresultsofeachindividualindustry.Empiricalresultsdiscoveredthefollowing:resultofcorporategovernance,ownershipstructuretowardsidiosyncraticriskcanvaryduetoindustrydifferences.Thelargertheboardsize,themorelikelyitsupportsapositiverelationshipwithidiosyncraticrisks.Thehigherthepledgeofboardmembers’holdings,themorelikelyidiosyncraticriskswillbelowered.Institutionalholdingsratiosupportspositiverelationshiptowardsidiosyncraticriskintheelectronicsindustry.Insider(directorsandsupervisors)ownershipratiosupportsanon-linearrelationshipwithidiosyncraticriskthatwouldincreaseandthendecrease