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An Empirical Study on Security Lending Information and Stock Return
No full text[[abstract]]本文研究台灣證券借貸制度中借券成交資訊是否隱含股價負報酬之訊息，以台灣證券市場2009至2015年可為借券標的之上市上櫃股票為樣本，研究借券成交資訊，包括當日借券總成交量、當日加權平均借券費率與當日最高借券費率，對未來股票報酬之影響。實證結果顯示，當日最高借券費率最能預測股價未來的負報酬。若以當日最高借券費率搭配當日借券總成交量與三大法人持股率，將更能預測未來股價的負報酬。綜合而言，高借券費率，並伴隨高借券總成交量、與高三大法人持股率時的股票未來將有顯著長期的負報酬。[[abstract]]Thispaperexaminestheeffectofthesecuritylendinginformationonfuturestockreturns.ByanalyzingthesampleoflistedstocksinTaiwanstockexchange,weexaminewhetherthesecuritylendinginformation,includingdailytotallendingvolume,dailyweightedaveragefeerateanddailyhighestfeerate,containsinformationregardingfuturestockreturn.Theempiricalresultsshowthatdailytotallendingvolumedoesn’taffectfuturestockreturn,whilethehighestfeeratecanpredictthesubsequentnegativereturn.Moreover,Theportfoliowithhighlendingfeerate,highlendingvolumeandhighinstitutionalholdinghavethemostsignificantlynegativefuturereturns
Information Demand and Market Efficiency - Evidence from Stock Options Market in Taiwan
No full text[[abstract]]本論文之研究目的為探討SVI（SearchVolumeIndex）是否具有價格發現的功能，藉由挑選台灣股市中占市值較高的15檔股票選擇權，由股票選擇權的價格與反推的隱含現貨價格，進行單根檢定、共整合檢定與向量誤差修正模型，來檢測是否具有價格發現，但實證結果發現SVI不具有價格發現，以相關文獻證明後，推斷造成的原因為市場流動性偏低。[[abstract]]ThepurposeofthisstudyistoexplorewhetherSVI(SearchVolumeIndex)hasthefunctionofpricediscovery.Byselectingthe15stockoptionswithhighermarketvalueinTaiwan’sstockmarket,IusethepriceofstockoptionsandtheimpliedspotpricetodoUnitroottest,CointegrationtestandVectorErrorCorrectionModel,todetectpricediscovery.However,theempiricalresultsshowthatSVIdoesnotincreasepricediscoverybecausethemarketliquidityistoolow
The Study On The Co-Movement of Stock Prices In Taiwan’s Cultural And Creative Industries
No full text[[abstract]]文化創意產業已是國際競爭力的關鍵，臺灣近年來積極發展文化創意產業經濟，據此本文探討2014年1月1日至2016年12月31日臺灣文化創意產業類股股價之間的連動性。因果關係檢定結果顯示誠品生活單向領先智崴與大宇資、智崴領先橘子；其次，由預測誤差變異數得知誠品生活及智崴自我解釋力強並具有影響力。本文研究可供欲投資文化創意產業類股之大眾作為投資參考。關鍵詞：連動性、文化創意產業、向量自我迴歸、因果關係[[abstract]]Theculturalandcreativeindustryhasbecomecrucialtointernationalcompetitiveness.OnthebasisofTaiwan’sactivedevelopmentinthisindustry,thisstudyexaminedtherelationshipbetweenthesharepricesofcompaniesinthisindustryfromJanuary1,2014toDecember31,2016.CasualitytestresultsshowaunidirectionalcausalityfromEsliteSpectrumtoBrogentTechnologiesandSoftstarEntertainment,andfromBrogentTechnologiestoGamaniaDigitalEntertainment.Inaddition,thepredictionerrorvarianceresultssuggestEsliteSpectrumandBrogentTechnologiestohavestrongself-explanatorypowerandareinfluentialonthesharepricesoftheindustry.Thisstudy’sfindingscanserveasreferencesforthepublicwheninvestinginthesharesofculturalandcreativeindustrycompanies.Keywords:Co-Movement、CultureInnovativeIndustry、VAR、Causalit
A Study on the Legal Issues of Computer Software License Contracts
No full text[[abstract]]為符合大量市場需求，電腦軟體業者多透過拆封授權模式與消費者締結契約，而拆封授權模式根據交易型態而有所不同，從實體交易的拆封授權模式至因電子商務的蓬勃發展，進而衍生出的點選同意和網頁瀏覽模式。而無論哪種模式都屬於業者單方面擬定之契約，與傳統締約方式截然不同，雙方當事人無法當面磋商契約條款，由於該契約係由業者單方面擬訂條款所構成，因此業者可能透過條款限制消費者重大權益事項，對於該些消費者是否受該限制條款拘束，仍須經過相關規範檢視，而電腦軟體業者除藉由條款限制外，基於電腦軟體特性透過授權方式，當消費者逾越授權之利用係符合著作權法之合理使用情事，該合理使用能否作為消費者之抗辯，進而不構成侵權，本文參酌學者間對於授權契約限制條款之效力見解，釐清對於著作權法與授權條款限制之爭議。電腦軟體為數位化商品，而數位化商品必須在網路上進行交易。而網路上交易最大之特性在於消費者無法事前檢視商品，為保障消費者權益我國特別給予七日鑑賞期，使消費者得無條件退貨。然而，電腦軟體本身具有之易複製性，在執行退貨上有其困難，消費者保護法於修法後進而將特定客體明文排除七日鑑賞期之適用。然，非所有的電腦軟體皆符合排除適用之規定，同時為了提升電腦軟體商品資訊透明化，業者推出試用版或試用期讓消費者於締約前事前檢視該商品，足以使消費者知曉電腦軟體完整之資訊，若仍讓消費者主張退貨，難免有濫用權利之虞，因此對於七日鑑賞期於我國實務上適用是否妥適仍有其探究之必要。最後，本文針對以上之提問與爭議提出結論與建議，盼作為日後學術及實務上處理相關案件或修法時之參考。[[abstract]]Computersoftwaresellersusuallyenterintocontractswiththeirconsumersbyshrink-wraplicensestomeethugedemandfromthemarket.Shrink-wraplicensesvarybecausetherearedifferenttypesoftrades.AsE-commercekeepgrowing,shrink-wraplicensesofin-storetradehasbeendevelopedintoclick-wraplicensesandbrowse-wraplicense.Bothtypesoflicensesarepartsofcontractsdrawnupbysellersunilaterally,bothpartiesofthecontractsdonotnegotiateforclausesinit,anditiscompletelydifferentfromtraditionalwaytosignacontract.Thesellersmayusethoseclausestolimitconsumers’importantrightsbecausethecontractsaredrawnupbysellersunilaterally.Wehavetoresearchrelatinglawandrulestofindoutwhetherconsumersareboundbythoseclauses.Whensoftwaresellerstrytolimitconsumers’rights,isitpossiblethatconsumersassertfairusedefenseiftheiruseofsoftwaregobeyondthescopeoflicensesandbecomesthefairuseincopyrightlaw?Thispaperexaminesscholars’opinionsonrestrictiveclausesinlicensescontractsandtrytosolvetheproblemarisingfromcopyrightlawandrestrictiveclause.Computersoftwareisadigitalproductwhichmustbetradedonline.Thebiggestcharacteristicoftradeonlineisconsumersarenotabletoexaminetheproducts.Consumersinthiscountryaregivencooling-offperiodtoprotecttheirrightsandtheycanreturntheproductswithoutanyconditions.Butitisdifficulttoreturncomputersoftwarebecauseithasreproducibility.ConsumerProtectionActexcludescooling-offperiodofcertainproductsafteritwasrevised;however,exclusionclausesdonotapplytoallsoftware.Sellersprovidetrialeditionortrialperiodsothatconsumercanexaminetheproductsandobtainallinformationaboutthesoftwarebeforeenteringintocontracts.Itisabuseofrightifconsumerscanreturntheproducts.Whethercooling-offperiodapplyinthiscountryremainstoberesearched.Thispaperwillprovidesolutionsandsuggestionstoquestionsanddisputementionedaboveinhopesofprovidingadvicewhenthelawismodifiedortopeopletryingtosolveproblems
Musculoskeletal Discomfort associated with non-routine works: An exploratory study
No full text[[abstract]]某機械設備製造業現場從業人員普遍反映在下班前後，有肌肉骨骼不適的困擾，由於現場並非常態性作業，導致肌肉骨骼痠痛之原因長期受到忽視，連帶影響生產效能，人員流動率也偏高。本研究以北歐肌肉骨骼不適問卷(NMQ)為基礎，初步瞭解現場人員主要痠痛部位及嚴重程度，並以姿勢分析法(OWAS)做為輔助評估工具，分析作業流程中較易造成人員肌肉骨骼不適之工作姿勢，並提出改善建議。調查結果顯示，有高達82%的受訪者下班前有肌肉骨骼不適的問題，其中又以下背不適的比率最高(52%)。觀察現場作業情形則發現，人員在進行管、線路連結作業時，因為作業環境的限制，必須長時間以不自然的工作姿勢，在狹小空間內持續工作，造成肌肉骨骼不適的風險等級最高，需要立即改善。藉由調整工作流程進行改善後，雖然人員執行該項工作時，仍須採不自然姿勢工作，但高風險工作姿勢的時間比例大幅下降至20%，而受訪者下背肌肉骨骼不適的比率也從52%降為34%。本次研究僅針對管、線路連結進行作業型態的改善，變更範圍有限，未來可持續針對其他工作內容，挑選較高風險之工作內容進行改善，可望進一步降低肌肉骨骼不適的程度。關鍵詞：人因工程改善、北歐骨骼不適問卷、機械設備製造業[[abstract]]Workersatamachineryandequipmentmanufacturingcompanyhavebeensufferingfrommusculoskeletaldiscomforts.Themainproductofthiscompanyiscustom-madebyorder,thusworkershavedifferentjobassignmentseveryday.Becauseofthenon-routinenatureofworkarrangements,worker’scomplaintonmusculoskeletalcomplainthasbeenoverlookedatthemanagementlevel,andthisleadtoworseningmusculoskeletaldiscomfort,decreasedproductivityandhighemployeeturnover.Inthisstudy,theNordicMusculoskeletalQuestionnaire(NMQ)wasusedinconjunctionwiththeOvakoWorkingPostureAnalysisSystem(OWAS)toexaminetheextentofworker’smusculoskeletaldiscomfort,toseekoutpossiblecausestothediscomfort,andtomakerecommendationsforhazardreduction.Resultsfromthepreliminarysurveyamongthestudyparticipantsshowedthat81%ofthestudyparticipantshadsomemusculoskeletaldiscomfortattheendofaworkshift,anddiscomfortwasmostprevalentontheneck,lowerbackandankle.On-siteobservationsshowedthatworkersoftenhadtocarryouttheirjobsinawkwardposturesduringmachineassembly,whichmaybeadirectcausetomusculoskeletaldiscomfort.Theworkprocedurewiththehighestrisklevelformusculoskeletaldiscomfortwasidentifiedforremediation.Inthefollow-upsurvey,theprevalenceofmusculoskeletaldiscomfortdecreasedsubstantially,whiletheworkefficiencywiththemodifiedworkprocedurealsoimproved.Adjustmentonotherworkproceduresmayfurtherimproveworkefficiencyandreducemusculoskeletalhazards.Keywords:Ergonomicintervention,Nordicmusculoskeletalquestionnaire(NMQ),machineryandequipmentassembl
Feasibility of treatment organic wastewater containing butanone by membrane bioreactor
No full text[[abstract]]本研究為評估薄膜生物反應器，應用於製程中產出丁酮，濃度是否具削減成效，利用活性污泥進行階段性馴養後，予以施行批次濃度負荷試驗及半連續式進樣，前者主要為探討活性污泥是否對於本研究之目標物-丁酮具馴化性，後者為趨近於實廠應用，以半連續式之進樣方式作為薄膜生物反應器試驗機效能評估之試驗方式。依據初期針對活性污泥馴化結果進行批次試驗得知，低濃度培菌液丁酮10mg/L削減濃度可達4.3-4.7mg/L；高濃度培菌液丁酮150mg/L削減濃度可達12mg/L，該試驗結果初步驗證本研究選用之污泥來源，對丁酮具備可馴化特性。而薄膜生物反應器(MBR)試驗機批次濃度負荷試驗結果顯示丁酮於低濃度30mg/L至高濃度200mg/L，各階段試驗於濃度趨勢變化圖中皆可看出濃度隨時間有所遞減，試驗結果可看出經馴化之活性污泥對丁酮具濃度削減能力，丁酮穩定降解完成。另進行之半連續式進樣可瞭解在每單位/時間，維持於同等濃度下，經半連續式進樣所求得生物降解常數(K值)，分別介於0.05-0.13，與前述批次試驗進樣所得相近(介於0.06-0.11之間)，而在半連續式進樣設定水力停留時間考量上以參考批次試驗遞減速率圖趨勢，求得水力停留時間，丁酮濃度60mg/L水力停留時間設定為4hr、100mg/L為6hr、150mg/L為8hr。研究顯示本試驗活性污泥經馴化後可有效降解丁酮，另批次及半連續式不同進樣模式下，污泥可穩定達到削減丁酮之成效，且批次及半連續式進樣之K值，於計值結果相符情形下，進樣條件設計之相關係數計值結果可初步做為未來實廠應用之依據與參考。[[abstract]]ThestudywasconductedfortheevaluationofMembranebioreactor(MBR),UsedintheprocessofMethylEthylKetone(MEK)concentrationwhetheritisreduceeffectiveness,Usingtheactivatedsludgefordomesticated,Getonbatchconcentrationloadtestandsemi-continuousinjection,TheformermainlytoexplorewhethertheactivatedsludgeforthestudyofthetargetMEKwithdomestication,Thelatterisclosertotherealplantapplication,Usesemi-continuousinjectionastestmethodfortheeffectivenessofMBR.Initiallyforthedomesticationofactivatedsludgeresultstogetonbatchtest,LowconcentrationofinoculumMEK10mg/Lreducetheconcentrationofupto4.3-4.7mg/L；HighconcentrationofinoculumMEK150mg/Lreducetheconcentrationofupto12mg/L,TheresultsofthetestwereusedtoverifythesourceofthesludgeselectedinthisstudyhasdomesticationcharacteristicswithMEK。AndMBRbatchconcentrationtestresultsshowlowconcentrationof30mg/Ltoahighconcentrationof200mg/LwithMEK,Eachstageoftheexperimentintheconcentrationtrendofthemapcanbeseenintheconcentrationoftimedecreases,TestresultscanbeseenthatthedomesticatedactivatedsludgehastheabilitytoreducetheconcentrationofMEK,Anditcanstablebiodegradation。Anothersemi-continuousinjectioncanknowateachunit/time,Maintainedatthesameconcentration,Thebiodegradationrateconstant(Kvalue)obtainedbysemi-continuousinjectionwasbetween0.05and0.13,Itsimilartothepreviousbatchinjection(between0.06and0.11),Andinthesemi-continuousinjectionsetthehydraulicretentiontime(HRT)toconsiderthereferencebatchtestdecrementratetrend,TofindtheHRT,TheconcentrationofMEKat60mg/LHRTwassetat4hr,100mg/Lwassetat6hr,and150mg/Lwassetat8hr。ThisstudyresultsshowedthatthetestedactivatedsludgecouldbeeffectivelydegradedbyMEK,Intheotherbatchandsemin-continuousdifferentinjectionmode,theslugecanbestabilizedtoachievetheeffectofreducingMEK,AndtheKvalueofthebatchandsemi-continuousinjection,thecorrelationcoefficientofthedesignconditionundertheconditionofthematchingresultcanbeusedasthebasisandreferenceforthefutureapplication
A Study of Relationships Between Physical Properties of Polypropylene Plastic and Its Reprocessed Cycle with Various Blending Ratios
No full text[[abstract]]石化塑膠產品已成為生活中不可或缺的一部分，但石油資源的有限性及廢塑膠對環境之衝擊等問題，皆使塑膠料的回收再利用成為一重要之環保議題；本實驗室先前之研究以常見之聚丙烯(PP)塑膠新料與回收料為樣品，分析不同新料/回收料摻混比例之塑料性質，探討摻混比例與各檢測結果之關係，並建立關係式，惟該研究之新料與回收料來源並不一致，於回收次數上未予以標準化，因此本研究進一步延伸控制回收料之回收次數，並探討不同回收次數與塑料性質之關係。將PP新料依ASTM標準方法射出成型、破碎後，依比例與新料摻混，重複射出成型、破碎、摻混新料之流程至第四次，得不同破碎次數及不同摻混比例之試片，以破碎次數模擬回收次數，對各試片進行塑料性質相關分析及檢測，包括熱性質分析(熔點、黏度、熔融指數)、機械性質分析(衝擊試驗、拉伸試驗)，以及形態學分析(SEM)，並探討破碎次數及摻混比例對PP塑料性質之影響。實驗結果顯示，各試片熔點約為170±2℃(無顯著趨勢)，黏度介於7,870~13,000poise之間(隨轉速提高而減少、隨破碎次數增加而降低、隨舊料摻混比例增加而減少)，熔融指數介於11.28~15.34g/10min之間(隨破碎次數增加而提高、隨舊料摻混比例增加而增加)，活化能介於23.0~57.6kcal/mol之間(隨破碎次數增加而降低、隨舊料摻混比例提高而降低)，衝擊試驗的衝擊值介於6.05~7.22J/m(無顯著趨勢)，拉伸試驗之楊氏係數介於1878~2608Mpa之間(隨破碎次數增加而提高、隨舊料摻混比例提高而上升)，SEM照射衝擊試驗之破斷面，結果顯示不同破碎次數之試片皆呈現光滑之破斷表面(無顯著變化)；綜合上述結果，黏度與轉速呈負相關、與破碎次數呈負相關、與舊料摻混比例呈負相關，各試片之熔融指數與破碎次數呈正相關、與舊料摻混比例呈正相關，活化能與破碎次數、舊料摻混比例皆呈負相關，楊氏係數與破碎次數呈正相關、與舊料摻混比例成正相關，熔點及衝擊值受破碎次數與摻混比例之影響並不顯著；迴歸分析方程式可供推估回收次數及摻混比例之參考，各方程式判定係數(R2)皆達0.9以上，整體之研究結果與相關文獻相呼應，可供回收處理相關單位參考。關鍵詞：熱性質、機械性質、聚丙烯、摻混、消費後塑膠[[abstract]]Petrochemicalplasticproductshavebeenindispensablypartofsocieties,buttheproblemscausedbylimitedresourcesofoilsandtheimpactofwasteplasticsonenvironmentshavedrawnattentiontorecycleandreuseofpostconsumerplastics.Previousstudyhasinvestigatedthecorrelationbetweenvirgin/reprocessedpolypropylene(PP)chipsblendingratioandtheirphysicalproperties,andestablishrelationshipequationsamongthem.Nonetheless,inthatstudy,thesourceofthevirginchipswasinconsistentwiththatofthereprocessedmaterial,thenumberofreprocesstimeswasn'tstandardized.Consequently,thisstudyfurthercontrolthenumberofreprocesstimesoftherecycledmaterials,andinvestigatetherelationshipbetweenthenumberofreprocesstimesandtheirphysicalproperties.ThepolypropylenespecimenswereproducedbyinjectionmoldingaccordingtoASTMstandardmethods,thencrushedandblendedwithvirginchipswithvariousratios.Theprocesswasrepeateduntilthespecimensofthefourthcyclewithvariousblendedratioswereobtained.Thereprocesscycleinthisstudyisutilizedtosimulatethenumberofrecycletimesintheindustry,andbasedonwhichtoinvestigatetheeffectsofthenumberofreprocessedtimesonthephysicalproperties,includingthermalanalysis(melttemperature,viscosity,andmeltflowindex),mechanicalproperties(impacttestandtensiletest),andmorphologyanalysis(SEM).Theexperimentalresultsindicatedthatthemeltingpeaktemperaturesofthespecimenswereinbetween170±2℃(nospecifictrendobserved).Theviscosityofthespecimenswereinbetween7,870-13,000poise,whichdecreasedwithincreasingrotationalspeed,reprocessedtimes,andproportionofreprocessedplastics.Themeltflowindexeswereinbetween11.28-15.34g/10min,whichincreasedwithincreasingreprocesstimesandproportionofreprocessedplastics.Theactivationenergies(Ea)wereinbetween23.0-57.6kcal/mol,whichdecreasedwithincreasingreprocesstimesandproportionofreprocessedplastics.Theimpactstrengthswereinbetween6.05-7.22J/m(nospecifictrendobserved).TheYoung’sModulus(E)wereinbetween1878-2608Mpa,whichincreasedwithincreasingreprocesstimesandproportionofreprocessedplastics.TheresultofmorphologyanalysisconductedbySEMrevealeddecentcompatibilitieswithsmoothbrokensurfaceamongspecimensofvariousreprocessedtimes,andthedistributioncharacteristicsofthespecimensdidnotdifferwiththeblendedratios.Consolidatetheaboveresults,viscositywasnegativelycorrelatedwithrotationalspeed,reprocessedtimes,andtheproportionofreprocessedplastics.Themeltflowindexwaspositivelycorrelatedwiththereprocessedtimesandtheproportionofreprocessedplastics.TheEawasnegativelycorrelatedwiththereprocessedtimesandtheproportionofreprocessedplastics.Young’sModuluswaspositivelycorrelatedwiththereprocessedtimesandtheproportionofreprocessedplastics.Boththemeltingtemperatureandimpactstrengthdidn'tobservedanyspecifictrends.Theequationsobtainedfromregressionanalysiscanservedasreferenceforestimatingthereprocessedtimesandblendingratios,wherethedeterminecoefficientreachedhigherthan0.9.Theoverallresultsofthisstudyareconsistentwithrelatedliteratures,andcanserveasreferencetorelevantorganizations.Keywords:polypropylene,thermalproperty,mechanicalproperty,blend,postconsumerrecycledplastic
The feasibility of wet scrubber with microbubbles / ozone to improve the efficiency of MEK absorption
No full text[[abstract]]現今工業科技逐漸進步，導致大量之揮發性有機化合物自各種工業製程中排放至環境中，而這些排放後的揮發性有機化合物對人體與動物毒性皆很高，具有生長抑制性與毒性，因此揮發性有機化合物對於環境之衝擊與危害逐漸地受到重視。目前之高科技產業、半導體業、化工業等會於製程當中大量使用丁酮作為溶劑或洗劑，然而這些溶劑或洗劑會隨著廠區以及製程過程當中進行抽氣或排放而排放至大氣當中，導致這些物質成為空氣污染的主要來源之一。因此就目前處理技術中，業者會依據特性選擇適用之方法，並結合各式洗滌塔進行去除丁酮，但以現今之技術與經驗，藉由洗滌塔去除之效率，會因為隨著洗滌塔水槽內部之水體濃度逐漸趨於飽和狀態而降低，因此需定期更換水槽內溶液，才能達到去除效果之穩定性。為求有效去除丁酮，並能達到節約用水與減少二次污染之目的，本研究將以微氣泡與臭氧技術進行去除效果之評估，且主要探討於微氣泡與不同臭氧添加量對於去除效果之影響，並了解此技術對實廠之適用性，將有助於擴大應用技術。利用臭氧對液相中丁酮分解可行性之實驗結果顯示，添加臭氧之條件下並沒有明顯的增加丁酮去除率。洗滌水循環之實驗顯示，進流高濃度丁酮於添加臭氧時有較好的去除效果；但在進流低濃度丁酮之情況下，臭氧添加量則是與丁酮去除率無明顯關係。另外，當水溫逐漸增加時，會影響微氣泡產生與臭氧溶進水中之濃度，於溫度較高時去除率會降低；此外，液相中丁酮濃度於25分鐘內急速升高，同時氣相中丁酮濃度會快速下降，且顯示有良好的去除率；但當液相濃度逐漸呈現穩定狀態，氣相濃度會慢慢地回升，去除率也會下降。在洗滌水無循環的條件下，因去除了水溫之影響，再加上其系統為不斷補充乾淨的水，其於微氣泡之條件下，對於丁酮有很好的去除率且其去除效果很穩定。綜合各項結果，微氣泡的添加確實可增加洗滌塔對丁酮之去除率約提高25–50%。在進流高濃度丁酮時，臭氧可促進氣相中丁酮之去除率，在低濃度的條件下則無明顯效果。[[abstract]]Theemissionofvolatileorganiccompounds(VOCs)fromindustrialprocessesintotheenvironmentwasnoticedbytheTaiwan’sEPA,becausetheseVOCsemissionswereharmfultohumanhealth.Therefore,theindustrialfactorieswererequiredtoreducetheemissionsoftheVOCs.ThescrubberwasusuallyusedfortheVOCstreatmentoftheindustryexhaust.InordertoincreasingtheVOC’sremovalefficiencyofthewetscrubbersystem,thefeasibilityoftheuseofthemicro-bubble/ozonewaterastheadsorbingsolutioninthetraditionalwetscrubbersystemwasdiscussedinthisstudy.Andmethylethylketonewasselectedasthetargetvolatileorganiccompound,becauseitwasusedasasolventinthehigh-techindustriessuchasthesemiconductorindustryandthechemicalindustry.Theresultsoftheexperimentshowthattheremovalefficiencyofmethylethylketonebythewetscrubbersystemwasincreasingsignificantlybyusingthemicro-bubblewaterastheadsorbingsolution.Theremovalefficiencyofmethylethylketonebythetraditionalwetscrubbersystemwithtapwaterwasaround18–20%andtheremovalefficiencybyusingthemicro-bubblewaterwasincreasedto25%.Inaddition,theremovalefficiencyofmethylethylketonewasnotincreasingsignificantlybyaddingozoneintotheadsorbingsolutionforthelowmethylethylketoneconcentrationanditwasnoteffectforthehighmethylethylketone.Theinfluencefactorsoftheremovalefficiencyforthewetscrubberwithmicrobubblewaterwerediscussedinthisstudy.Themethylethylketoneconcentrationintheadsorbingsolutionofthewetscrubberwasthemostimportantfactor.Intheinitialcondition,themethylethylketoneconcentrationintheadsorbingsolutionwaslowerthan10mg/L,andthehigherremovalefficiencyofmethylethylketonewasgotten.Becausetheadsorbingsolutionwasrecycledinthewetscrubbersystem,theconcentrationofmethylethylketoneintheadsorbingsolutionwasincreasedrapidlyin25minuteswhiletheconcentrationofmethylethylketoneingasphasedecreasesrapidly,andtheremovalefficiencyofmethylethylketonewasdecreasedastheincreasingofmethylethylketoneintheadsorbingsolution.Insummary,thefeasibilityofthewetscrubberwithmicrobubbles/ozonetoimprovetheefficiencyofmethylethylketoneabsorptionwasconfirmedinstudy.Theremovalefficiencyofmethylethylketonebythewetscrubbersystemcouldbeaffectedbymanyfactors,suchasmethylethylketoneconcentrationintheadsorbingsolution,temperatureandmicro-bubblesamount.Themostimportantfactorwasthemethylethylketoneconcentrationintheadsorbingsolution
The Study of Sensory (Dis) similarity When Sequentially Sampling Products on Purchase Intention: The Moderating Effects of Variety-Seeking and Mood Priming
No full text[[abstract]]當前銷售樣態下，為有效掌握消費者的心思意念，業者往往會讓顧客有機會先試用產品，以透過感官來豐富其體驗，進而有助做出購買決定。而Biswasetal.,(2014)研究指出，如此的產品試用機會，其中可能涉及產品體驗先後順序的問題，尤其是考量到試用品的感官線索（如香、味、色、聲），若為相似的感官線索，消費者喜歡順序第一的產品，即「初始效應」；當試用品具有不相似的感官線索時，消費者更喜歡順序最後一位的產品，即「近時效應」。值得一提的是，針對該研究結果，為更周延檢視，吾人有必要進一步想想置身於購物現場的消費者，若在「多樣搜尋特質」上有所高低，以及若在前來購物現場前，適巧心情就被撥弄而有正負浮動，則會如何影響既有的研究結果呢？據此，本研究以巧克力作為產品標的，採2（感官線索：相似、不相似）*2（多樣搜尋特質：多變型、穩定型）*2心情促發（正面、負面）三因子受試者間實驗情境設計，共6組實驗情境，每一情境至少30位受試者，合計為212名。在實驗一採2（感官線索：相似、不相似）*2（多樣搜尋特質：高、低）進行，之後在實驗二納入心情促發變數（正面、負面）進行對購買偏好與意願影響程度上的探討。結果顯示，實驗一中感官線索與多樣化搜尋特質有顯著差異，於感官相似時，多樣化搜尋特質高將打破初始效應影響其購買意圖，使得購買第二顆巧克力意圖較高，雖不顯著，但與本假設方向相符。而在不相似時，對於多樣化搜尋特質低者則遵循順序效果，即近時效應，對於購買第二顆巧克力意圖較高，並非研究預測之因不追求新刺激而保持原先第一顆巧克力的購買意圖，雖不支持此研究假設，但對原先順序效應顯著影響，正可呼應「特質高，經驗追求」。因交互作用顯著，但個別探究單純主效果卻發現不顯著，因此本研究想繼續延伸探討設想可能會有其他的影響變數。實驗二於心情促發下，皆會影響購買順序上的意圖且影響甚具，正面心情下，不論感官相似與否，多樣搜尋特質高者皆會對於第一顆巧克力購買意圖較大，證明心情好時消費者會為了維持此心情而購買原先的試用品，雖不顯著，但支持本研究假設方向。在負面心情下，不論感官相似時與否且多樣搜尋特質高低者皆在購買第二顆時顯著高於購買第一顆巧克力，可見在負面心情促發下，不論感官相似與不相似，原先應對第一顆巧克力購買意圖較高的多樣搜尋特質低者因為心情影響，為了彌補此刻的壞心情而進行新刺激的尋求，因而對順序第二顆的巧克力意圖較高，支持本研究假設方向，亦呼應「心情壞壞，修復情緒；心情好好，樂抱前瞻」。據此，本研究建議業者應有效掌握消費者當下之心情感受，並藉由欲使消費者購買之產品進而透過其他因素（如人員、服務、環境）改變消費者心情進而購買業者推薦產品，且可事後追蹤消費者使用產品後之心得，進而了解消費者人格特質，做出日後維繫顧客關係上的依據，促使再回購體驗擁有較佳的購物決策。[[abstract]]Incurrentsalestate,inordertoeffectivelyunderstandthemindsofconsumers,themarketersoftengivecustomersopportunitiestotryouttheproductsfirsttoenrichtheexperiencewhichwillhelpthemtomakeapurchasedecision.PreviousstudiesDipayanBiswasetal.,(2014)haveshownthattheorderinwhichconsumerssampleproductsandthelevelof(dis)similaritybetweenthesensorycuesoftheproductsinfluencechoices.Whensamplingasequenceofproducts(e.g.,fragrances,chocolates,music)withsimilarsensorycues(e.g.,smell,taste,color,sound),consumerspreferthefirstproductinthesequence,iscalled”primacyeffects”.However,whensamplingasequenceofproductswithdissimilarsensorycues,consumerspreferthelastproduct,iscalled”recencyeffect”.Itisworthmentioningthat,it’snecessarytofurtherthinkaboutexposuretotheshoppingsceneofconsumersformorecomprehensivereviewinconnectionwiththeresearchresults,howwilltheexistingresearchresultsbeaffectedifcustomershavea“variety-seeking“onhighandlowandcometotheshoppingscenebeforethemoodwaspositiveandnegativefloating?Thisresearchfocusesonchocolateasaproductsubjectandrandomlyassignsrespondentstoa2(sensorysimilarity:similarityvs.dissimilarity)by2(variety-seeking:Highvs.low)designinstudy1.Study2addsmoodpriming(positivevs.negative)toexaminetheun-investigatedmoderatingeffectonpurchasepreferencesandintention.Accordingtotheresults,theexperimentaloneinthesensorysimilarity,thevariety-seekinghigherwillbreaktheprimacyeffectoftheimpactoftheirpurchaseintent,makingthepurchaseofthesecondchocolateintentionishigher.Experiment2inthemoodprimingwillalsoaffecttheorderofpurchaseintention.Especiallyinthenegativemood,regardlessofthesensorysimilarity,thepurchaseintentionofthefirstchocolateishigherforsteadytypeinordertomakeupforthebadmoodandseeknewstimuli,makingthelastoneofthechocolatepurchaseintentionhigherAccordingly,wesuggestabrandshouldhavethefeelingsofconsumersinhand,throughotherfactors(suchaspeople,services,theenvironment)tochangethemoodofconsumersandthenbuytherecommendedproducts,andcanbefollowedbyconsumerexperienceafterusingtheproduct,understandthecharacteristicspersonalityofconsumer,maintaincustomerrelationsonthebasisofthere-buyexperiencetohaveabettershoppingdecisiononfuture
Exploring the Impact of Service Recovery Attitude on Customer Satisfaction and Loyalty in the catering service ─ comparing high versus low service level
No full text[[abstract]]餐飲業的發展已漸漸成為台灣商業服務業中主要的趨勢，外出享受美食的習慣已然融入台灣生活之中，但卻因為每間餐廳服務性質的不一，再加上無法避免的人為疏失，導致餐飲業經常發生服務疏失。在面對服務疏失的情況下，本研究探討顧客對於餐飲業者的補救態度及補救後的滿意度與忠誠度之間的關係及影響，且以兩個不同的餐廳類別包括高服務水準的餐廳及低服務水準的速食餐廳，來做為比較顧客對餐廳業者的補救態度、滿意度及忠誠度是否有顯著差異。本研究採用便利抽樣方式，共取得250份有效樣本，以迴歸分析驗證研究假設。研究結果如下：1.補救態度對顧客滿意度有正向影響。2.顧客滿意度對顧客忠誠度有正向影響。3.顧客滿意度完全中介補救態度對顧客忠誠度的影響。4.在高、低服務水準的比較下，顧客對補救態度有顯著差異。5.在高、低服務水準的比較下，顧客對顧客滿意度沒有顯著差異。6.在高、低服務水準的比較下，顧客對顧客忠誠度沒有顯著差異。本研究依據上述研究結果，提出具體的管理意涵及建議協助餐飲業者審定出有效的補救策略。[[abstract]]ThedevelopmentofcateringservicehasgraduallybecomethemaintrendinTaiwan’sbusinessservicesector,andthehobbyofeatingoutisalreadyintegratedintoTaiwan’slifestyle.However,theserviceofeachrestaurantisdifferent,andhumannegligencetoleadingservicefailureisunavoidable.Thisstudyexplorestherelationshipbetweencustomer’sservicerecoveryattitude,servicerecoverysatisfactionandloyalty.Besides,twodifferenttypesofrestaurantsarecompared,includingahighservicelevelrestaurantandafastfoodrestaurant.Adoptingconveniencesampling,250effectivequestionnaireswerecollected.Weuseregressionanalysistoprovethehypotheses.Theresearchoutcomeshowsthat：1.Recoveryattitudehasapositiveeffectoncustomersatisfaction.2.customersatisfactionhasapositiveeffectoncustomerloyalty.3.TherelationshipbetweenRecoveryattitudeandcustomerloyaltyiscompletelymediatedbycustomersatisfaction.4.There’sasignificantdifferenceincustomer’srecoveryattitudeamonghigh/lowservicelevelrestaurantguests.5.There’snosignificantdifferenceincustomersatisfactionamonghigh/lowservicelevelrestaurantguests.6.There’snosignificantdifferenceincustomerloyaltyamonghigh/lowservicelevelrestaurantguests.Accordingtotheresultsabove,specificmanagementimplicationandsuggestionstothecateringserviceareproposedonhowtherestaurantscansetuptheeffectiverecoverystrategy