National Kaohsiung First University of Science and Technology

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    The role of supply chain integration between market orientation and firm performance

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    [[abstract]]企業策略導向通常反映了企業的核心能力,而市場策略導向是其中一種。過往的研究指出,市場策略導向對企業績效的影響並不一致。此外,現今商業環境中的競爭已從個別企業與個別企業之間,轉移至供應鏈與供應鏈之間。因此,企業無法在脫離供應鏈的情況下進行有效的競爭,迫使企業專注於他們的供應鏈管理能力,投入外部整合及內部整合,並重新配置人力與資源,以取得競爭優勢及卓越的企業績效。供應鏈整合的過程可能錯綜複雜且曠日費時。在複雜的供應鏈整合活動中,個別企業的市場策略導向是否可以對企業績效產生影響,並且透過供應鏈整合的實行,間接影響企業績效?這在過去的研究中,是一個尚未被討論的重要議題。在目前企業紛紛追求供應鏈績效的氛圍下,若能瞭解市場策略導向對企業供應鏈整合的實行與企業績效所帶來的影響,對於企業將有重大幫助。因此,本研究以台灣前一千大製造業為對象,使用問卷調查方式蒐集資料,最後再以迴歸分析進行假說檢定。研究結果顯示,市場策略導向不僅對企業績效有顯著地正向影響,也同時顯著地正向影響企業的供應鏈整合,而且供應鏈整合對企業績效也有顯著地正向影響。此外,本研究發現供應鏈整合是中介變項,它部份中介了市場策略導向對企業績效的影響。換言之,企業的市場策略導向不僅可以直接影響企業績效,也能透過供應鏈整合的實行,間接影響企業績效的表現。[[abstract]]Firmstrategicorientations(SO)mayaffectfirmperformance.MarketorientationisoneofmostusedSOinindustry.Paststudiesreacheddifferentconclusionsabouttheimpactsofmarketorientationonfirmperformance.Inthemeantime,businesscompetitionbasishasshiftedfromfirmstosupplychainsintoday’sbusinessenvironment.Firmscannotcompetewiththeirrivalswithoutsupplychainpartners.Thismeansthatfirmshavenotonlytofocustheirownstrategiesandoperations,butalsotopayeffortsintosupplychainintegrationandmanagement.Inthecomplicatedprocessofsupplychainintegration,whetherfirm’smarketorientationimpactsitsperformancethroughimplementingsupplychainintegrationisanimportantissuethathasnotbeeninvestigated.Inthisstudy,wetaketoponethousandmanufacturersinTaiwanassamplingpopulationandgatherdatabyquestionnaires.Regressionanalysisisusedtotesthypothesisderived.Theresultsindicatethatfirm’smarketorientationpositivelyandsignificantlyimpactsnotonlyitsperformance,butalsoitssupplychainintegration.Furthermore,supplychainintegrationhaspositiveandsignificantimpactonfirmperformance.Inaddition,theresultsshowthatsupplychainintegrationisamediator.Supplychainintegrationpartiallymediatestheeffectofmarketorientationonfirmperformance.Inotherwords,marketorientationnotonlyaffectsfirmperformancedirectly,butindirectlyimpactsfirmperformancethroughimplementationofsupplychainintegration

    The Analysis of Resale Price Maintenance for the Law and Economic Perspectives

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    [[abstract]]當上、下游廠商為了追求各自利潤,通常會採取商品優良、價格低廉的方式,來爭取消費者選購其商品或服務,在產業間廠商最常見的競爭策略,是以價格條件來做為爭取交易的機會。而限制轉售價格是產業界最為廣泛應用的一種銷售策略,上游廠商限制自身產品的轉售價格,並訂有配套措施介入下游廠商的銷售策略,藉此控制價格來維護自身利益,進而導致市場上存在限制競爭且減損消費者福利之情況發生。我國公平交易法將限制轉售價格行為視為違法行為,並立法禁止,採以嚴格規範。惟以經濟觀點來看,限制轉售價格可有效防止廠商間有「搭便車」的情況產生,並可促進品牌間的競爭等多種益處,不應予以嚴格禁止。因此,主管機關目前對限制轉售價格行為的審查態度是採「原則禁止、例外許可」,故本研究旨在探討限制轉售價格行為的妥適性,綜合歷年來實務上的重要判決進行比較分析,針對實務判決提出不同建議,強調限制轉售價格的經濟效益,以提供廠商一套合理可遵循的方向。[[abstract]]Whenthesuppliersandretailersinordertopursuetheirownprofits,theyusuallytakethemmerchandiseingoodconditionandcheappricetofightforconsumerstobuytheirgoodsorservices.Themostcommoncompetitionstrategyinindustryisbasedonpriceconditionstostrivefortradingopportunitiesandtheresalepricemaintenanceisamostwidelyappliedsalesstrategyinindustry.Supplierslimittheresalepriceoftheirproductsandsetsupportingmeasuresinvolvedintheretailers’salesstrategytocontrolthepricetomaintaintheirowninterestswhichleadtoasituationthatcompetitionisrestrictedandthewelfareofconsumersisreducedinmarket.TheFairTradeLawofTaiwanwillseeresalepricemaintenancebehaviorasillegality,prohibitbylegislationandadoptstrictnorms.However,fromtheeconomicpointofview,resalepricemaintenancecaneffectivelypreventmanufacturersfromthe"free-riding"situationandpromoteotherbenefitssuchascompetitionbetweenbrandssoitshouldnotbestrictlyprohibited.Therefore,theauthorities’attitudetoresalepricemaintenancebehavioristhe"prohibitioninprinciple,permissioninexception",sothisstudyaimstoexploretheresalepricemaintenancebehavioroftheappropriatenessandsynthesizetheimportantjudgementsonpracticetocompareovertheyears.Inaddition,thisstudywillsubmitdifferentproposalsforpracticaljudgmentsandemphasizetheeconomicbenefitsoftheresalepricemaintenancetoprovidemanufacturerswithareasonablesetofdirection

    Understanding the Continuance Intention of Information Technology Outsourcing-Based on Social Exchange Theory

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    [[abstract]]在這快速變動的社會,公司為提高競爭力,專注於公司本身核心作業,在成本與效益的考量之下,選擇將資訊相關業務委託外部廠商的公司日益漸增,但在資訊科技(InformationTechnology,IT)蓬勃發展下,可提供相同資訊服務的廠商愈來愈多,然而是什麼動機促成公司與廠商之間產生持續使用的意圖?本研究以社會交換理論所衍生的效?(dedication))與限制(constraint)雙元機制為基礎,結合快速關係(SwiftGuanxi)發展出的效?導向快速關係與限制導向快速關係,?解釋公司與委外廠商之間持續使用意圖的成因,同時探討建立快速關係的的前因。本研究透過問卷調查法蒐集相關看法,分析150份問卷的實證研究結果,研究結果發現,(1)資訊科技委外建立的效益導向快速關係與限制導向快速關係會正面影響持續使用意圖。(2)快速關係的前因—運作利益和企業流程專屬性正面影響快速關係的建立。此研究為實務上資訊科技委外帶來貢獻。[[abstract]]Intherapidlychangingsociety,moreandmorecompanieschoosetoadoptinformationtechnologyoutsourcingtoexternalcompaniesformakingmorecompetitiveandfocusingonthecorecompetenciesundertheconsiderationofcostandbenefit.However,withtherapiddevelopmentofinformationtechnology,alotofoutsourcingcompaniescanofferthesameinformationtechnologies,whatisthemotivationcontributestothecontinuanceintentionbetweenthecompanyandtheoutsourcingcompany?Thisstudybasedonthedualmechanismofdedicationandconstraintderivedfromsocialexchangetheoryandcombinedwithswiftguanxitodevelopdedication-basedswiftguanxiandconstraint-basedswiftguanxi,explainthereasonsforthecontinuanceintentionbetweenthecompanyandtheoutsourcingcompany,andexplorethecausesofswiftguanxi.Weexaminedthemodelthroughempiricaldatacollectedfrom150respondents.Theresultsfoundthat(1)dedication-basedswiftguanxiandconstraint-basedswiftguanxipositivelyaffectcontinuanceintentionbetweenthecompanyandtheoutsourcingcompany.(2)theantecedentsofswiftguanxi,operationalbenefitsandbusiness-processspecificity,positivelyaffecttheswiftguanxi.Thisstudybringscontributiontotheinformationtechnologyoutsourcingbusinesspractice

    A Case Study Of CEPH Distributed File System

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    [[abstract]]網路的出現促使分散式運算的迅速發展,從1990年代開始,為了解決大量的運算問題而採用的網格計算,一路發展到今日演變為雲端運算,而為了解決儲存巨量資料的需要的大容量儲存空間則是雲端運算平台中的一個待解決的重要議題。分散式檔案系統是近幾年儲存巨量資料的當然選擇,根據IDC機構的研究報告,2011年全球數位資料的使用量約為1.8ZB,但以現今資料的爆炸性成長,到了2020年的全球數位資料的儲存總量將達35.2ZB;集中儲存巨量資料的方式變得越來越不可行。分散式檔案系統具備高效能、高可用、高容錯、高可靠與高擴充的特性。除了將資料分散儲存在資料節點外,每個節點同時也具備分散式計算的能力,因此原本只能在單主機處理的程式邏輯與資料處理,可以分散到數以萬計的計算節點上運行處理,等每一個節點計算出結果後,再將處理完成的結果集合起來,產生最終的結果,這種運作方式有效的節省資料存取與計算的排隊時間,提升處理效能,如此的存取效能是傳統儲存設備所無法比擬的。本研究將針對分散式檔案系統的沿革進行文獻探討,並以虛擬化環境實做CEPH分散式檔案系統之測試環境,並與傳統儲存設備之存取速度進行比較。[[abstract]]Distributedcomputinghasevolvedrapidlywiththeadvancementofnetworktechnology.Theusageofgridcomputingincreatinghighperformancecomputingpowerinthe1990s,hasevolvedintocloudcomputing.Butwithbigdata,italsointroducetheproblemoftheneedsofhugestoragetostorethesedatainthecloud.Distributedfilesystemisasolutiontostoresuchhugedataintherecentyears.AccordingtoaresearchreportbytheInternationalDataCorporation(IDC),theglobaldigitaldatausagein2011isabout1.8ZB,andthisnumberwillgrowto35.2ZBin2020.Distributedfilesystemisahighefficiency,availability,faulttolerance,reliableandhighlyexpandable.Datawillbestoredinclustersofdatanodes,andeachdatanodeswillalsoprovidehighI/Operformance.AsinglenodeI/Oprocesscanbedistributedtoalargernumberofdatanodestoprocessthedata,thusahighdatathroughputscanbeachieved.Thisisnotpossibleontraditionalstoragemachines.Thisstudywillfocusontheevolutionofthedistributedarchivessystem,andwiththeuseofvirtualmachinetoimplementCEPHtestsystem,whichwillbeusedtocompareagainsttraditionalstoragesystem

    Exploring the Operational Performances of Listed Firms Using Data Mining Techniques - Case of Tourism , Communication Network and Electronic Products Distribution Industries in Taiwan

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    [[abstract]]在複雜的投資市場裡,對於投資目標的本身並不是非常清楚,由於科技不斷進步促使大數據時代來臨,隨著IoT技術的發展,造成不同的產業變革,甚至是產業的轉型。本研究以股票市場進行資料探勘,所選擇的產業則是時下討論度高的產業,分別為:觀光業、通訊網路業以及電子通路業,以資料探勘技術:群集分析、關聯分析,探討產業營運績效,目的有兩個:1.利用台灣經濟新報的財務分析指標與群聚分析技術,探討整理產業並有效完成資料減量的目的。2.利用台灣經濟新報的財務分析指標與關聯分析技術,了解討論度高的產業之關聯規則。本研究使用台灣經濟新報以獲取資料,並使用R語言內含多種統計分析套件輔助我們進行資料探勘之研究;在群集分析方面,本研究運用R平方值檢驗分群結果,發現結果不佳,進而細部觀察群集分析之分群結果,以輪廓係數觀察各群的分群結果,以第一群為三個群集裡輪廓係數最佳,第二群為次之;在關聯分析方面,觀察各個產業的關聯規則,發現經營能力與獲利能力的規則,因此再將右端子設為獲利能力進行觀察,並降低支持度以利觀察的廣度,發現在關聯規則裡不論經營能力的高低並不與獲利能力的規則有正向或反向情況出現,本研究認為依照關聯分析結果經營能力與獲利能力結果無關。[[abstract]]IntheeraofbigdatafosteredbytheprogressivemoderntechnologyofInternetofThings(IoT),thewaysofbusinessoperationshavebeenchangeddramaticallyineveryindustryincludingcapitalmarketslikestockexchanges.Inthisregards,theoperationalperformanceneedstobeexaminedfortheinterestsofthestockholders.Inthisstudy,theoperationalperformancesofthreedifferentindustrysectorsinthestockmarketwereexploredandcomparedusingtherelatedbigdataanalytics.Theselectedcompanieswereinthesectorsoftourism,communicationnetwork,andelectronicproductsdistributionindustriesinTaiwan.Inaddition,theanalyticaltechniquesemployedarethoseofclusteringandassociationanalysis.ThedataconcerningrelatedoperationalperformancesareretrievedfromthedatabankofTaiwanEconomicJournal(TEJ).Moreover,theanalyticaltoolusedinthisstudyistheR,anopensourceprogramminglanguageandsoftwareenvironmentforstatisticalcomputingandgraphics.WiththeassistancebytheproperRpackages,theanalyticalresultsarereported.Theselectedcompanieswereclusteredintothreegroups,suggestedbytheproperclusteringtechniqueswithR.Inthesethreeclusters,theoperationalperformanceofcompaniesintheclusternumber1aremuchbetterthanthoseofcompaniesintheothertwoclusters.AnothertechniqueofassociationanalysiswithRrevealscertaininterestingfindings.Theconnectionbetweenoperationalperformanceandtheprofitabilityintheselectedcompaniesisnotsignificant.Thepooroperationalperformancemaynotbenecessarilyassociatedwiththepoorprofitability.Similarly,thefairorevenexcellentoperationalperformancesnotnecessarilyassociatewithsatisfactoryprofitability

    A Research on Cross-Border Electronic Commerce:The case of India

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    [[abstract]]隨著電子商務的蓬勃發展,國內電子商務市場也趨近飽和,跨境電商是未來的趨勢,跨境電商對企業來說,不僅是進入國際市場的途徑,也有機會打造一個國際品牌,而印度電子商務市場早在幾年前就被視為藍海,印度電商市場規模巨大,加上印度是世界上最大的手機消費國,網路人口逐年攀升,對於企業家來說,布局印度市場,刻不容?。因此,本研究以進入印度電商市場之意願為研究主體,並以PEST分析和SWOT分析為理論為輔,再依進入市場風險為干擾因素,以代理理論和交易成本理論為理論基礎,探討影響進入印度電商市場意願之因素。本研究利用紙本郵寄方式發放問卷,共回收120份有效問卷,並使用SPSS和SmartPLS3.0軟體進行資料分析,研究結果發現,「印度環境因素」與「公司內外部因素」對於「電商市場進入意願」均有顯著影響,而「市場進入之風險」對於「電商市場進入意願」具有干擾之影響。本研究從研究結果得知,印度環境因素與公司內外部因素會影響電商市場的進入意願,因此,本研究在結論提出實務上的建議與進入市場的策略,建議為以找尋當地合作夥伴以合資方式進入印度電商市場,找尋當地合作夥伴不僅能減少對於市場的不確定性還能減少代理的風險。參與印度招商博覽會,提高對印度政策的了解與環境變化的趨勢,迅速回應當地市場需求,將會有機會邁向成功之路。[[abstract]]Withthedevelopmentofe-commerce,domestice-commercemarkethasapproachedthesaturation.Cross-bordere-commerceisthefuturetrend.Forenterprises,itisnotonlythewaytoentertheglobalmarket,buttheopportunitytobuildaninternationalbrand.However,theIndia’se-commercemarketwasregardedastheblueoceanafewyearsago.India’se-commercemarketishuge,withtheworld’slargestmobilephoneconsumingcountry.Internetusershasrisenyearbyyear.Forentrepreneurs,arranginginIndia’smarketisthetaskwhichbrooksnodelay.Thisstudytakesentrepreneurs’willingnesstoenterIndia’se-commercemarketasamainpart,byusingPESTanalysisandSWOTanalysisasthesupplementandaccordingtothemarketentryriskasconfoundingfactorthatuseAgencytheoryandTransactionCostdiscoverthefactorsinfluencingwillingnessofenteringIndia’se-commercemarket.Inthisstudy,SPSSandSmartPLS3.0isusedtoanalyzedata,and120validquestionnairewerecollectedbymail.ThefindingsshowthatbothofIndia’senvironmentalfactorsandinternalandexternalfactorshaveasignificantimpactonwillingnessofenteringthee-commercemarket,and’’theriskofmarketentry’’hasthedisturbingeffectof’’willingnessofenteringe-commercemarket’’TheresultsshowthattheIndia’senvironmentalfactorsandinternalandexternalfactorswillaffectthewillingnessofenteringthemarket,therefore,thisstudyproposedpracticalpropositionandstrategiesofenteringthemarketinconclusion.ProposetofindalocalpartnertoentertheIndia’se-commercemarketwithjointventure,lookingforlocalpartnerscannotonlydecreasetheuncertaintyofthemarket,butreducetheriskofactingasagents,andparticipateinIndiaTradefairscanimprovetheunderstandingofthepolicyofIndiaandthetrendofenvironmentalchange.Quicklyrespondtodemandoflocalmarketwillbeanopportunitytosuccess

    Impact of Corporate Social Responsibility Experience on the NIMBY Effect

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    [[abstract]]隨著人們對於環境品質的要求越來越高,鄰避設施的設立也越來越難被當地人民所接受,因此,居民的感受成為企業不可忽略的重要議題之一。本研究回顧相關文獻的理論架構及個案實證探討後,以居民的企業社會責任經驗作為調節變數,探討睦鄰回饋、風險認知及信任等三個重要因素對於鄰避效應的影響。本研究以鄰近六輕的六個鄉鎮居民作為研究對象,總共回收175份有效問卷,透過集群分析將居民分為有、無企業社會責任經驗,以獨立樣本t檢定證實不同的企業社會責任經驗在睦鄰回饋、風險認知及信任的作答上有顯著的差異,最後,以多元迴歸分析驗證企業社會責任經驗確實會調節影響鄰避效應的因素,進而影響對鄰避設施的支持。研究結果發現,增加居民的企業社會責任體驗可以改善鄰避設施開發商與居民之間的關係,並且改善鄰避效應,擁有企業社會責任經驗的居民,在提升睦鄰回饋的補助及對企業擁有較高的信任程度時,更能接受鄰避設施的設立。[[abstract]]Acceptanceofestablishingnot-in-my-backyard(NIMBY)facilityisbecomingdifficultforlocalresidentsalongwiththeincreasingdemandforenvironmentalquality.Thus,thefeelingsofresidentsareanimportantissuethatenterprisescannotdisregard.Basedontheexperientialmarketingtheory,thisstudytakesthecorporatesocialresponsibility(CSR)experienceofresidentsasthemoderatortoexploretheinfluenceofthreeimportantfactors,namelycompensation,riskperception,andtrust,ontheNIMBYsyndrome.Inthisstudy,175validquestionnairesarecollectedfromsixsettlementslocatedneartheNo.6NaphthaCrackerComplex(NCC6).Residentsaredividedintotwogroupsthroughclusteranalysis;onewithCSRexperience,andtheotherwithoutCSRexperience.IndependentsamplettestconfirmsthatresidentswhowithdifferentCSRexperiencescanfurtheraffectthevariablesofcompensation,riskperceptionandtrust.Accordingtotheresultofmultipleregressionanalysis,CSRexperienceexhibitsamoderatingeffectontheNIMBYfactorsandfurtheraffectsthesupportofNIMBYfacility.ResultindicatesthatenterprisetakingCSRinitiativecanimprovetherelationshipbetweenresidentsandNIMBYfacilitydeveloperandtheNIMBYeffect.ResidentswithCSRexperiencetendtoacceptNIMBYfacilitywhencompensationandthedegreeoftrustinenterpriseareraised

    Performance Analysis of Short-Selling Strategy on Over-trading Stocks

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    [[abstract]]過度自信是人最常出現的行為之一,而在行為財務學中也普遍認為過度交易是過度自信所造成的。在許多的行為財務學的文獻中也指出:過度交易會降低報酬率。基於行為財務學的文獻,我們假設過度自信帶動的交易在短期內會產生過高的股票價格,不久之後股價通常會大幅下挫。本研究是以2014年1月到2016年12月的台灣上市、上櫃公司股票為樣本,從樣本中篩選出股價已下跌10%的個股執行放空策略,看股價是否如文獻所言:跌會繼續跌。結果證明:將篩選出的486檔股票執行放空策略,有71%的個股(343檔)有負報酬;有29%的個股(143檔)有正報酬。這不失為一個可提供投資人獲得超額報酬的參考方式。[[abstract]]Overconfidenceisoneofthemostcommonbehaviorsofpeople,andinbehavioralfinanceisalsowidelybelievedthatexcessivetransactionsarecausedbyoverconfidence.Inmanyoftheliteratureonbehavioralfinancealsopointedout:excessivetradingwillreducetherateofreturn.Buildingupontheliteratureinbehavioralfinance,wehypothesizethatoverconfidence-driventradingwouldgenerateexorbitantstockpricesintheshortrunandthenleadtoasharpdropforthatstockprice.ThisstudyisfromJan2014toDec2016inTaiwanlistedstockasasample,selectedfromthesamplestockpricehasfallen10%ofthestockstoimplementthestrategytoseewhetherthestockpriceastheliteraturesaid:Continuetofall.Theresultsshowthattheselected486stockshortcuts,71%ofthestocks(343files)haveanegativereward.29%ofthestocks(143files)havepositivereward.Thisalsoprovidesawayforinvestorstoobtainexcesscompensation

    A Study on the Legal Problems Related to Mountaineering Management and Mountain Rescue in Republic of China

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    [[abstract]]「登山活動」除了較常見的「循固定步道前往某山頭的健行」外,尚包括非常多樣化的型態與內涵。而「登山活動」是人民「行動自由」基本權利的一種,受憲法所保障,除非符合特定條件,否則不可任意予以限制;因此,國內現有對「登山活動」的管理與管制法規,有必要從法理的觀點逐一檢視。張博威山難國賠案的判決,實際執行救難的單位,卻必須負所有的國賠責任,而造成輿論譁然,因此本文遂對法院所持理由,做了較詳細的介紹與比對。另山難的搜尋與救護屬「國家保護義務」,基於憲法對「生命權」的保障,原本不應該有「使用者付費」與「成本回收」的思維;然而「濫用」搜救資源,卻已破壞公平性,並造成地方政府的財政負擔,因此有必要探討「國家保護義務」的上限與「例外」情形,以圖作為搜救作業是否收費的考量依據與界線。台中市政府基於地方自治之立法權,率先訂定「台中市登山活動管理自治條例」,本文則對其內容是否符合立法「明確性原則」、行政法上之「公平原則」與「比例原則」、是否牴觸現有法律逐一探討,最後則檢討本項立法是否逾越中央與地方的權限劃分。[[abstract]]Inadditionto"hikingonafixedtrailtohills","mountaineeringactivities"includesdiversetypesandconnotations."Mountaineering"isoneofthepeople’sfundamentalrightsof"freedomofaction",it’sprotectedbytheconstitution,anditcan’tbearbitrarilylimitedunlessitmeetscertainconditions.Therefore,itisnecessarytochecktheexistingmanagementsandregulationson"mountaineeringactivities"onebyonefromthepointofviewofjurisprudence.Thecaseofthejudgeof"nationalcompensationtoZHANG,BO-WEI",thesearchandrescueteamhastotaketheresponsibilityforallthenationalcompensationcausingpublicoutcry.Thispapergivesamoredetailedintroductionandcomparisonofthereasonsforthecourt。Besides,"mountainrescuers"isanationalresponsibilityofprotection,basedontheconstitutionalprotectionof"righttolife",thereshouldbeno"usercharges"and"costrecovery"thinking.However,the"fairness"hadlostandcausedfinancialburdenoflocalgovernment.So,itisnecessarytoexploretheupperlimitofnationalprotectionandwhatistheexceptiontosetupabasisforconsiderationaboutwhetherthesearchandrescueoperationsarecharged.Accordingtotherighttolegislateoflocalautonomy,TaichungCityGovernmenttakestheleadtosetthe"AutonomousRegulationsofTaichungCityforMountaineeringActivitiesManagement".Inthispaper,toexploreifitisinlinewiththe"principleofclarity"inlegislative,the"principleoffair"and"principleofproportionality"inadministrativelawornot,andifitcontradictswithexistinglaw.Atlast,toexamwhetherTaichungCityGovernmenthadexceededitsauthoritytobuilduptheregulations

    The Study on Long Term Care Legal System in Taiwan

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    [[abstract]]台灣人口結構老化速度堪稱全球之冠,我國65歲以上老年人口佔總人口比率之13.33%,老化指數100.18%,屆時每5人就有1名長者,老年人口首度超過幼年人口,約每5.6個青壯人口就須撫養1個老人,銀髮海嘯來襲,國安危機幡然再起。活到老並不難,難在於如何活出幸福感?長期照顧服務法甫於2015年完成立法,2017年正式施行,內容涵蓋長照服務內容、人員管理、機構管理、受照護者權益保障、服務發展獎勵措施五大要素,為我國長照發展重要之法令依據,長照體系邁入新里程。人類健康的基本框架是身心靈之安適,在老齡浪潮一波波來襲的社會,有一天我們都會變老,誰來照顧?因應高齡化之挑戰,其內涵逐漸從「照顧」移轉至「照護」,基於此,當「照顧」遭逢瓶頸之際,此際有必要改弦更張,轉而更廣及各種健康安適與否之「照護」本質與本位,「照護」逐漸被視為基本人權與國家社會責任。細究我國長期照護體系散見於社政、衛政及退輔行政部門,照顧機構設置之規定分散在不同法規,有些行政規則應有母法之授權;有些行政規則應提升至法規命令;其次,以政府預算撥補、菸品健康福利捐和其他收入來挹注,杯水車薪的長照基金,有失公允;承接前段,長期照護是典型勞力密集產業,人力仍陷於短缺的泥沼之中,專業人才培育迫在眉睫,目前長期照護政策,真正讓民眾有感的服務內容還付之闕如。本文析論長期照顧服務法及醫療照護相關法律爭議,財源、人力、資源也需未雨綢繆,建議落實醫療分級與轉診後送制度,醫療與長照整合照護是刻不容緩的對應;其次急性醫療與長期照護無縫接軌,延伸出院準備服務;再者攸關全民福利至鉅,長照需要穩定稅源為後盾,可參酌國外博弈彩券依法繳稅,政府稅收年增以及孳息收入支應長照基金財源,具有雙贏意義,方能以解燃眉之急、亦釋未來之憂,澤被於民。[[abstract]]Withrespecttoagingdemographicstructure,Taiwanrankstopintheworldinwhichpeopleaged65oraboveaccountfor13.33%ofthepopulationandagingindexstands100.18%.Amongeveryfivepersons,livesoneseniorasthepopulationoftheelderismorethanthatoftheyoung.Averagely5.6youthstakecareof1seniorresultinginpotentialnationalsecurity.LongtermCareServiceActislegalizedin2015andenactedin2017.Itcoversservicerange,staffmanagement,unitmanagement,caretakerbenefitandserviceincentiveswhichisourlongtermcarelegalfoundationandmarkslongtermcaresystemamilestoneaswell.Lifeexpectancyisincreasingthatmeanswearelivinglongerandenteringanagewhenwemayneedmorecustodialandmedicalcareaswellassupports.Suchdemandhasturnedtobebasichumanrightaswellasnationalandsocialresponsibility.Inreviewingourlongtermcaresystem,itdisperseindifferentunitssuchassocial,sanitary,retirementadministrationinstituteswhiletheyabidebyvariousregulationsandlaws.Forexample,someadministrativeregulationsareauthorizedbyparentlawwhilesomeonesshallbeupgradedtothelevelofAct.Furthermore,theutilizationofgovernmentalbudget,healthandwelfaresurchargeontobaccoandotherrevenuestofundinglongtermcarefundseemsnotfair.Asweknow,longtermcareserviceislaborintensiveindustry,butcurrentmanpowerisinshortageandprofessionalsneedmoreeducationandtraining.Importantly,peoplehardlyrecognizeandexperiencesuchlongtermcareservice.ThisstudyaimstoanalyzerelatedlegalissuesconcerningLongtermCareServiceActandmedicalservices.Tosumup,itissuggestedthatgradedmedicaltreatmentandpost-dispatchsystemfollowedbyseamlesslongtermcareserviceasmedicalcareandlongtermcareshallbecloselyconnectedandincorporated.Additionally,sincefinance,manpowerandresourcearecrucialtolongtermcare,theimplementationofLotterytaxmayhelpincomeincrementleadingtowin-wineffect

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