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Change and adaptation : A transnational Study of Kids Castle Franchise Business of Taiwan to Indonesia
No full text[[abstract]]在1970至1980年代，許多中小企業的經營競爭激化，導致特許加盟經營成長，使用知名品牌或特許加盟業務體系，建立新的業務或替代市場，增加公司利潤與生存空間。特許加盟經營制度幫助許多中小企業在全球局勢不明朗，且高度競爭的情況下生存下來。通過良好的加盟制度，特許經營體系允許經營者在母公司的監督下，克服不確定性動盪與競爭危機，使得加盟商獲得更多的生存力量與空間。特許加盟經營制度擁有嚴格的標準作業程序（SOP），加盟商必須遵守母公司的標準和規定。通常國際加盟系統有一些跨國適應問題，因為國際不同的文化，加盟法規和其他條件必須是不同的。國際加盟系統需要在標準作業程序和外國不同環境條件之間取得平衡。為了解國際特許加盟經營系統的變革與適應過程，本研究以台灣吉的堡幼兒園特許加盟經營制度為案例進行研究。本研究綜合文獻綜述，有關特許加盟經營專業知識，使用AHP分析消費者群體的問卷調查結果，以確定適應過程中的關鍵因素。研究結論顯示，學習價格（學費），專業教師，學習語言，教學設施，品牌印像，園區位置等都是跨國加盟適應過程的關鍵因素。最後，母國特許經營者和跨國加盟經營者之間的關係，是兩方面都要重視的重要因素之一。[[abstract]]Duringthe1970sand1980sbusinesscompetitionsawthefailureofmanysmallandmediumsizedbusinesses,whichresultedingrowthoffranchisingasanalternativetobuildnewformofbusinessusingthewellknownbusinesssystem.Franchisingsystemhelpedmanycompanytosurvivefromuncertainglobalsituation.Throughwellorganizedsystemandexperience,franchisingsystemallowsfranchiseetosavefromuncertaintyturbulenceundersupervisionofmothercompanywhichallowsfranchiseetogetmorepowerforsurvivalpattern.FranchisingsystemhaveStandardOperationalProcedure(SOP).Franchiseehastofollowthestandardandrulesfromthemothercompany.Usually,therearesomeadaptationproblemtothesystem,becauseInternationaldifferentculture,regulation,andtheotherconditionsaredifferent.ItneedstobalancebetweentheSOPandtheconditionofforeign.TounderstandthechangingandadaptationprocessthroughInternationalfranchisingsystem,KidCastleFranchisingsystemwasdeterminedasacasestudyinthisresearch.Thisstudyhascombineddiscussionsinliteraturesreviews,franchiseexpertise,andquestionnairesurveyresultsobtainedfrominterviewwithconsumergroupusingAHPanalysisinordertodeterminethekeyfactorsduringadaptationprocess.Thestudyconclusionsshowedthatprice(tuitionfee),Instructor,Languageusedinlearning,Facility,Brand/Image,locationandetcplayasakeyfactorinadaptationprocess.Howeverrelationshipbetweenfranchisorandfranchiseeisoneofthemostimportantaspectthatbothofthemhavetopayattentionmore
The Effect of Raising Interest Rate in USA on Bond Fund Returns
No full text[[abstract]]隨著全球景氣低靡循環影響利率走低，淨值變化與不同利率期間的關係是否如同既有文獻所言，當利率下降時，淨值會上升，兩者呈反向變動關係？本文以海外債券型基金為研究對象，研究期間自各檔基金發行日期至2016年12月止，共計6檔採用TEJ(台灣經濟新報資料庫)蒐集基金淨值資料，並?用圖型實證研究法探討不同升息階段對債券累積報酬之變動關係。研究結果發現，美國歷年升息前後??之變動並無直接影響債?市場指?報酬之跡象，利率在降息時，債券型基金淨值大部分為上升階段；升息期間，債券型基金淨值也是呈現上升狀態，唯有美國政府債券稍受影響，因利率對大部分債券型基金之影響並不明顯，所以利率並非債券型基金淨值之唯一變動因素。[[abstract]]Astheglobaleconomicdownturnlowerflowrate,netchangesduringtherelationshipwithdifferentinterestrates,astheliteraturesays,wheninterestratesdecline,netgrowth,showedanegativerelationship?Thisresearchbasedonoverseasfundsfrombondfundsforthestudy,releasedateuntilDecember2016,amountedto6files.UsingTEJ(Taiwaneconomicnewsdatabase)collectfundsdata,anduse-casestudiesExplorethedifferentstagesofraisinginterestratesonnotescumulativechangesinremuneration.Thefindings,overtheUnitedStatestoraiseinterestratesbeforeandafterthechangeofinterestratedoesnotdirectlyaffectthebondmarketindexreturnofthesigns,theinterestrateonFedratecut,bondfundsmostlyrise;Duringthehike,bondfundnetworthrisingonlyslightlyaffectedUSgovernmentbonds,becauseinterestratesformostbondfundsisnotobvious,sotheinterestrateisnotonlychangeofbondfundnet
Design of Innovative Business Model for Tabletop Game Industry in Taiwan
No full text[[abstract]]本文探討台灣桌上遊戲產業的創新商業模式的建構，以為桌上遊戲能注入一些未來可能的商業動能。以波特(1979)五力分析與杜邦分析法為分析基礎，本文研究重點結論如下：(1)本文發現桌上型遊戲從設計、製造至銷售階段的毛利率約為30%。(2)本文為桌上型產業提供三項創新商業模式：擴展其他通路以增加銷售增長率、異業結盟以增加不同收入來源、成立公協會以降低推廣成本。本文主要貢獻在於本研究係屬首篇以財務觀點探討桌上遊戲產業創新商業模式。[[abstract]]ThispaperdiscussesthedesignofinnovativebusinessmodelforboardgameindustryinTaiwan.BasedonPorter(1979)fiveforcesanalysisandDuPontanalysis,ourresultsshowthat1)thenetgrosstmarginis30%fortheboardgames’design,producing,andsales.2)Weprovidethreeinnovativebusinessmodelsforboardgameindustry:extendingmarketingchanneltoincreasenetsales;horizontalalliancestocreatevariousrevenuesources;andstablishingpublicassociationstolowerthemarketingcosts.Ourpapercontributestotheliteraturebyfirstprovidinginnovativebusinessmodelforboardgameindustry,basedonaviewoffinancialmanagement
The Relationship between Top Management Team Characteristics and Earnings Management
No full text[[abstract]]過去高階管理團隊特質文獻多以探討與企業績效之關聯性，在國內鮮少探討與盈餘管理之間的關聯性。因此，本研究將進一步探討高階管理團隊特質與盈餘管理之關聯性。以台灣上市公司為研究對象，研究期間為2011年至2015年，資料來源為台灣經濟新報資料庫(TEJ)及股東會年報。並以裁決性應計項目為盈餘管理之代理變數，運用多元迴歸模型進行混合資料(PoolingData)分析。實證結果顯示，高階管理團隊特質之團隊規模、平均任期及平均教育程度與盈餘管理呈顯著負相關；高階管理團隊財務專業背景比例與盈餘管理呈顯著正相關；高階管理團隊成員兼任董事會職位比例及持股率與盈餘管理在統計上雖不具顯著性但方向性符合預期呈負相關。此研究結果證實了高階管理團隊特質與盈餘管理之間確實有影響性。[[abstract]]Previousliteraturesfromotherscholarsexploredtherelationshipbetweenthetopmanagementteam(TMT)andtheperformanceoftheenterprises.Thisstudyexplorestherelationshipbetweentopmanagementteamcharacteristicsandearningsmanagementbyusing,asasample,theTaiwanStockExchangelistedcompaniesduringtheperiodof2011to2015.Thediscretionaryaccrualsaretheproxyofearningsmanagement.ThedataareobtainedfromtheTaiwanEconomicJournal(TEJ)andAnnualReportofShareholders;thisresearchusesmulti-regressionanalysistoexaminethesehypotheses.Theresultsshowthattheteamsize,averagetenure,andaveragelevelofeducationtheTMTaresignificantlynegativelycorrelatedwiththeearningsmanagement.ThefinancialprofessionalbackgroundoftheTMThassignificantpositivecorrelationwiththeearningsmanagement.AlthoughproportionofTMTmembersandtheshareholdingratioisnotsignificant,itisnegativelyassociatedwithearningsmanagement.TheresultsofthisstudyconfirmthatTMTcharacteristicshaveanimpactontheearningsmanagement
The Impact of the Behavioral Finance on the Issuance of Convertible Bonds
No full text[[abstract]]經由經理人過度自信的相關文獻可以發現，經理人過度自信的人格特質深深影響著公司決策，而以往可轉債相關研究對於發行公司經理人之人格特質較少著墨。因此，本研究將以此角度切入，結合行為財務與可轉債之發行，分析公司特性與公司治理相關變數，主要探討總經理有過度自信傾向時是否較傾向發行可轉債？並反向驗證公司發行可轉債時，總經理是否有過度自信傾向？此外，本文預期就職於高科技產業且具有雙元性之男性經理人於發行可轉債時，對公司未來獲利預期具有較高之過度自信傾向；此時，公司具有營運績效較差、成長潛力及負債比率較高等特質。初步實證結果顯示，可轉債發行與總經理過度自信傾向具正相關，說明資本市場籌資決策與總經理人格特質有關。總經理之雙元性與性別不影響可轉債發行，兩者也非過度自信傾向的影響因素，而高科技產業之總經理則較無過度自信傾向。[[abstract]]Accordingtooverconfidentliteraturesofmanagers,wecanfindmanager’soverconfidenttraitsdeeplyaffectcorporatedecisions.Inthepast,ithasfewconvertiblebondsliteraturesdiscussissuingcompany’smanager’straits.Therefore,wecombinedwiththebehavioralfinanceandissueofconvertiblebondsanddiagnosticvariablesaboutcompanycharacteristicsandcorporategovernance.WediscusswhetherCEOsareliabletoissueconvertiblebondswhentheyhavetendencyofoverconfidence?OrwhetherCEOshaveoverconfidencewhencompaniesissueconvertiblebonds?TheresultsshowedthattheissuanceofconvertiblebondsandoverconfidenceofCEOarepositivecorrelation,indicatingthatthecapitalmarketfinancingdecisionsarerelatingwithCEOs’personalitytraits.ThedualityofCEOandgenderdonotaffecttheissuanceofconvertiblebonds,botharenon-factorsofoverconfidence.TheCEOwhoworksinthehigh-techindustryhasrelativelylessofoverconfidence
A Study of Demand Factors Associated with the Purchase of Commercial Long-Term Care Insurance in Taiwan
No full text[[abstract]]近年來台灣高齡化與少子化的現象逐年增長的劇變，使得長期照顧2.0規範與商業長期照顧保險保障在長期照顧制度與政策已漸受到關注。這種實現可能會導致長期照護(long-termcare,LTC)的需求遞增與其財務負擔。本研究應用主成份分析、獨立t檢定及單因子變異數分析和相關分析等方法，並從379份問卷經由信度與效度檢測，結果共萃取出13個有意義的因素。本研究主要結果顯示:(1).不同的性別與已婚否對五個變項不具有顯著差異。(2).家庭的經濟支撐者對商業長照保險認知具有顯著差異，但是，有否投保商業長期照護保險對其長照需求與其環境就不具有顯著差異。(3).不同的的年齡層僅對商業長期照護投保意願」具有顯著差異。(4).不同職業對政府長期照顧福利與公營長期照顧保險、長期照護資訊經驗以及商業長期照護保險認知具有顯著差異。(5).中部人對長期照護需求與環境、長期照護資訊經驗、商業長期照護保險認知以及商業長期照護投保意願具有顯著的差異。[[abstract]]Recentchangesinthegrowingelderlypopulationandlowfertilityrate,havebeengettingattentiontheroleoflong-termcare2.0lawandcommerciallong-termcareinsuranceprotectioninlong-termcaresystemandpolicyinTaiwan.Therealityofchangesarelikelytodriveincreasingdemandandcostshigherfinancialburdenonlong-termcare(LTC)andlong-termcareinsurance(LTCI).Ourmethodsincludeprincipalcomponentsoffactoranalysis,independent-samplesttestandsinglefactorvarianceanalysis(OnewayANOVA)toinvestigatethisissue.Theconstructvalidityandthetestreliabilityofquestionnairesaboutdemandfactorsassociatedwiththepurchaseofcommerciallong-termcareinsurancewereinvestigatedinsubjects379inTaiwan.Byprincipalcomponentsanalysis13conceptuallymeaningfulfactorsweredistinguished.Resultsshowedthat(1).genderandmarriagehavenotasignificanteffectonfivevariables.(2).familyeconomicsupportsaremoreconcernedforbusinessLTCinsurancecognitiononly,butLTCIinsuredisnotconcernedforLTCIneedsanditsenvironment.(3).differentofagelevelaremoreconcernedforthewilinessofinsuringLTCIonly,butdifferentofeducationlevelaremoreconcernedforgovernmentLTCIwelfareandLTCinformationexperience.(4).differentoccupationwasasignificantimpactongovernmentLTCwelfare,LTCinformationexperience,businessLTCinsurancecognitionandthewilinessofinsuringLTCI.(5).differentresidenceshavedifferentviewsforLTCIneedsanditsenvironment,LTCinformationexperience,businessLTCinsurancecognitionandthewilinessofinsuringLTCI
A Legal Study of Regulated Recyclable Waste Management System – Focus on Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) & IT Items
No full text[[abstract]]「資源回收」一詞於我國國內時常聽見，而在政府執行面上也似成效良好並持續推廣當中。然而，愈習以為常之概念卻鮮少有相關法律方面之檢討與論述，國內民眾只知其表面上呈現之意涵，對於實質內容卻一知半解，僅以為政府好似順暢之推行資源回收工作，以達循環經濟之資源永續發展目標，然而實質上之法令規範及管制措施是否真如同表面呈現之執行無誤，是否尚有窒礙難行之處？故本文以「應回收廢棄物管理制度之法律研究-以廢電子電器暨廢資訊物品為中心」，探討由資源回收精神延伸下之法律管理規範，並以公告應回收廢棄物項目之處理業別作為論文主軸，由母法至相關子法內容一一梳理及推究，以建構出相關之法律層次，並對於法令上之各項重要限制，以憲法上基本權為中心，輔以形式合法性審查及實質正當性審查，檢討其相關法令上之嚴重疏漏或侵害。本研究範圍限縮於處理應回收廢棄物之廢電子電器物品及廢資訊物品項目內容，將其中重要之法令限制與規範作為主軸進行探討，發現其資源回收再利用比率需達75%、各細項目之每月處理量不得為零、規範冷媒最低回收量等之限制，皆符合法律授權明確及憲法上比例原則之檢證；然應回收廢棄物處理業及受補貼機構登記之程序、廢電風扇提升最低處理量之限制，雖符合法律授權明確，卻未通過憲法上比例原則之檢證。由此可知當國家為達行政目的時，制訂出相關之法律規範，然必須要仔細考量對人民之限制或侵害是否過當。英國哲人海耶克於《通往奴隸之路》書中提及：「通往地獄之路皆由諸多善意所鋪成的」，由此可引伸政府為達行政目的時，不得無限上綱之擴張及限制，如此則失去憲法上所維護基本權之價值。[[abstract]]“ResourceRecycling”isoftenheardamongournation.Theoperationoutcomesarefromthegovernmentwhichseemsprocessingeverythingflawlessly,andcontinuouslypropagating.Althoughwehavebeentakingtherecyclingconceptforgranted,peoplearestillnothavingsufficientlycertainlawdiscussionsandprofessionalconversations.Meanwhile,citizensaremerelyacknowledgingthemeaningofResourcesRecyclingfromthesurface.Peoplethinkthatourgovernmenthasbeenoperatingtheprojectsquitesmoothly;achievingthepurposeofrecycling,economyofresourcesandsustainabledevelopment.However,isittruethatthefoundationregulationsandtherecyclingmeasuresareperfectlyprocessedwithoutanyobstacles?Thethesisisabouttheregulatedrecyclablewastemanagementsystem–focusonWasteElectricalandElectronicEquipment(WEEE)&ITItems?discussingthespecificationmanagementforlawenforcementextendedfromtheaspectofresourcerecycling.Atthemeantime,takingthedisposalprocessingsectionoftheregulatedrecyclablewasteitemsasthecentralofthethesis,clarifyingthecontextsofinterpretationfromtheenablingstatute,constructingthestructuresinbetweenlaws.Inaddition,inordertoexamthesuitabilityofeachlaw,theexamplesinthisarticlewilleachbeanalyzedwhetheritconflictstowardstheenablingstatuteoritmightoverpowertheconstitution.Lastly,discussingtheseriousloopholesandtheconstitutionalviolationscausedfromtheexamplelegislations.Theresearchismainlyfocusonthecontextoftheregulatedrecyclablewaste–WasteElectricalandElectronicEquipment(WEEE)&ITItems,pinpointingtheimportanceoftheregulationasthecoreconceptthroughentirearticle.Observations:thereusedpercentageofresourcesrecyclingisrequiredtoreach75%;themonthlyamountofeachdisposalwasteitemsshouldbemorethanzero;theminimumoftherecycledFreonisalsoregulated.Aboveallarethelegislationsestablishedundertheconstitutionlawandproportionality.Nonetheless,althoughlawsassociatedwithregulatedrecyclablewastetreatmentbusinessandsubsidizedorganizationpermits,theregisteringprocessofgovernorsponsorship,theincreaseofminimumdisposalamountofventilatorsarewarrantedbyexistinglaw,theyarenotapprovedbytheprincipleofproportionality.Inconclusion,whenacertainnationistolegislateanenforcementtoaccomplishitspurposeofadministration,itissubstantialtoconsiderthatwhethertheregulationmightoverpowerthecivilrightsornot.“Theroadtohellispavedwithgoodintentions.”?Hayek,TheroadtoSerfdom.Thisquotationcanbeextendedthatthegovernmentshouldnotexpandthelegislationwithoutlimitation,whilefulfillingthepurposeofadministration.Otherwise,itmighttwisttheconceptionandvalueoftheconstitutionlaw
Study of C2H2 flow rate ratio on the erosion and the wear properties of Cr-DLC coatings by reactive magnetron sputtering
No full text[[abstract]]成型模具中常見的問題為沖蝕磨耗及腐蝕而無法使用，因此在模仁上濺鍍具有良好耐沖蝕性兼具耐腐蝕性的硬質薄膜，即可有效改善。類鑽碳薄膜(Diamond-likecarbon,DLC)具有化學鈍性及自潤特性等，因此本研究探討DLC利用非平衡磁控濺鍍系統披覆薄膜，並以田口實驗規劃L9(33)直交表實驗，針對薄膜耐沖蝕性品質目標，之後再以最大貢獻度之因子進行逐一實驗，搜尋是否有更佳之因子水準落在田口實驗之外，並探討其因子對其他薄膜性質之關係，期能以此提升薄膜耐沖蝕性在工業上的應用。利用田口實驗L9得到之最大貢獻度乙炔流量比率進行逐一實驗，由乙炔流量比率20%開始以5%為單位增加至50%總共7組實驗，以此觀察乙炔流量比率對各性質之影響。在磨耗方面，當乙炔流量比率增加時，摩擦係數及磨耗率呈線性下降的趨勢，平均摩擦係數由0.4降至0.162，磨耗率由8.36E-06降至3.58E-07mm3‧N-1‧m-1；在耐腐蝕方面，當乙炔流量比率增加時，極化阻抗值呈線性上升的趨勢由6.92E+05ohms/cm2提升至1.30E+06ohms/cm2；在耐沖蝕方面當乙炔流量比率增加時，沖蝕率呈現線性下降的趨勢，由0.425mg/hr降至0.1425mg/hr。蝕孔的產生大都由薄膜之缺陷處開始，預先的人為刮痕及蝕孔生長是由一個點開始進行擴張，再來以不規則枝蔓狀的方式進行成長。由蝕孔與蝕孔間的合併開始合成一個面，之後以此進行擴大。[[abstract]]Thetypicalproblemsduringtheperformanceofmoldareerosionandcorrosionbehaviors.Diamond-likecarboncoatingshaveattractedconsiderableinterestforuseduetotheirhighchemicalstabilityandgoodwearresistance,etal.Therefore,thisstudyseekstooptimizetheerosionofDLCcoatingviaTaguchimethodandinvestigatetheeffectsofsignificantfactortodesigntheonebyonefactorialexperiments.Thewayofunbalancedmagnetronsputteringwasusedtodepositcoatingsinthisstudy.EffectofsignificantC2H2flowrateratioonstructureandpropertiesofthefilmsareinvestigatedbyonebyonefactorialexperiments.ThecoefficientoffrictionandwearratelinearlydecreasedwiththeincreasedofC2H2flowrateratio.Thecoefficientoffrictiondecreasedfrom0.4to0.162,andthewearratedecreasedfrom8.36E-06mm3‧N-1‧m-1to3.58E-07mm3‧N-1‧m-1.ThecorrosionresistancelinearlyincreasedwiththeincreasedofC2H2flowraterariofrom6.92E+05ohms/cm2to1.30E+06ohms/cm2.TheerosionratelinearlydecreasedwiththeincreasedofC2H2flowrateratiofrom0.425mg/hrto0.1425mg/hr.Theetchingpitismostlycausedbycracksandnonuniformityofthefilm.Thecracksexpandingfromapitandgrowninirregularlybranched.Thepitbetweenthepitsynthesizeafaceandexpandtobebig
System Identification by Using RGA with a Reduced-Order Robust Observer for an Induction Motor
No full text[[abstract]]本文提出了實數型基因演算法(RGA)與低階可靠觀察器結合於感應馬達的系統鑑別。感應馬達的動力方程式具有機械學和電學方程的狀態矩陣。感應馬達的方程式有兩個輸入電壓和五個狀態輸出。感應馬達的轉子磁通量無法被量測，導致無法更精確的分析感應馬達的參數，為了找到不可測量的磁通量，我們提出了一種低階穩健觀測器來觀察他們。在RGA的適應函數中使用可量測狀態與觀測狀態的誤差，以找到未知的系統參數。適應度函數中的狀態誤差被描述為：FF具有可量測的轉速，具有可量測的轉速、電流和觀察到的磁通量，具有可量測的轉速，觀察到的電流和磁通量。從模擬和實驗結果可以發現，RGA結合適應函數比其他兩個適應函數更好的識別能力。最後實驗和RGA，並用得到感應馬達的參數。由此可得出結論，可量測狀態越多，用RGA找到的參數越精確。[[abstract]]Inthispaper,thesystemidentificationbyusingReal-codedGeneticAlgorithm(RGA)withareduced-orderrobustobserverforaninductionmotorisproposed.Thedynamicmodeloftheinductionmotorisformulatedasastate-spacematrixformwiththebothmechanicalandelectricalequations.Itincludestwoinputvoltagesandfivestatesforthestate-spacematrixformoftheinductionmotor.Therotorfluxlinkageofinductionmotorisnotmeasurable,sowecannotmoreaccuratelyanalyzetheinductionmotorparameters,inordertofindtheunmeasurablefluxlinkages,theproposedreduced-orderrobustobserverisimplementedtoobservethem.Thedifferentstate-errorsincludingthemeasurableandobservedstatesareusedinthefitnessfunctionswhichareoptimizedbytheRGAtofindtheunknownsystemparameters.Thestate-errorsinthefitnessfunctionsaredescribedas:withthemeasurableangularvelocity,withthemeasurableangularvelocity,currentsandobservedfluxlinkages,andwiththemeasurableangularvelocity,observedcurrentsandfluxlinkages.Fromthesimulationandexperimentalresults,itcanbefoundthattheisoptimizedbyRGAhasthebetteridentifyperformancethantheothertwofitnessfunctions.Finally,theparametersofinductionmotorhavebeenidentifiedbywithRGAapproachexperimentally.Itcanbeconcludedthatthemoresystem’sstatesaremeasuredandusedinthefitnessfunction,themoresystem’sparametersareaccuratelyidentifiedbytheRGAapproach
Installation Type of Flame Type Detector Sapply in Petrochemical Plant
No full text[[abstract]]目前國內火焰式探測器之運用越趨廣泛，尤其是石化廠、煉油廠及高科技廠等，處處皆可看見其身影。雖使用漸普及，但又未像偵煙式及偵熱式等探測器那樣熟悉。由於煉油廠是屬於高風險之製造場所，易燃之物質相當多，設備皆相當高昂，一旦發生火災其企業之損失將相當嚴重。因此，無論是單?作為火焰探?系?,還是作為連動自動滅火系?一部分的火焰偵?,都必須對火焰探測器的探頭提出相當高的要求。由於經歷幾次大規模災害後，國內工安意識逐漸抬頭，尤其是石油化學工廠更是民眾所關切之目標。本研究針對煉油廠的製程、設備等進行研究。探討火焰式探測器在各種燃氣、油品於初期洩漏燃燒時，裝設高度、角度與反應時間之關係。本研究的結果可供業界在安裝火焰式探測器時之參考依據，避免因高處設置造成監視死角。或者是因高度造成火焰無法落在探測器最有利之監視位置，以至於無法在規定之時間內發出警報，這是相當危險的。因此在設置上必須要求在完工時進行現場實測，以找出探測器最佳之監視角度。[[abstract]]Theapplicationsofflamefiredetectorsaremoreextensiveatpresent,especiallyinpetrochemicalplants,refineries,andsemi-conductorsindustries.Flamefiredetectorbecomespopulareverywhere,butpeoplearenotfamiliarwithitassmokefiredetectorandheatfiredetector.Refineryisthehighriskmanufacturingindustry,withlargeamountofflammablematerialsandexpensiveequipments.Oncewhenfireaccidentwasoccurredinrefineries,thelosswouldbeserious.Asthefiredetectionortheelementofautomaticfireextinguishingsystem,werequestthedetectorswithhighsensitivity.Duetoseverallarge-scaledisasters,peopleinTaiwanconcerncaremoreaboutthesafetyissues,Especiallythepetrochemicalplantistheconcernofthepeople.Thispaperemphasizedisfocusontherefineryprocesses,andequipmentstosurveytheflamefiredetectorinstallationunderseveralconditionswhenafireisoccurredintheinitialstage.Toavoidthemalfunctionofthedetectors,weshallmakethedetectorsbeabletojudgebythedetectedsignals,andreducethemissingfunctionrate.