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Expression of microRNA and their regulatory genes as dijagnostic parameter in early stage endometrial cancer
No full textKarcinom endometrijuma (KE) je najčešći malignitet ženskog genitalnog
trakta. S obzirom na to da još uvek ne postoji pouzdan dijagnostički test za detekciju
KE, neophodno je istražiti nove biomarkere koji bi mogli da detektuju ovaj tip
karcinoma u njegovom ranom stadijumu. Prethodna ispitivanja su pokazala da molekuli
mikroRNK poseduje veliki potencijal u detekciji različitih bolesti, uključujući i
maligne. Cilj doktorske disertacije bio je da se ispita ekspresija molekula mikroRNK
(miR-200a, miR-21, miR-210, miR-126 i miR-130a), iRNK (DICER1, AGO2, PTEN, HIF1A,
VEGFA) i proteina (PTEN i MMP-9), kao i njihov dijagnostički potencijal za detekciju
KE u ranoj fazi bolesti. Dodatno, istražena je asocijacija genetičkih varijanti u
okviru gena za miR-196a2 i miR-146a sa rizikom za razvoj KE. Pokazano je da molekuli
miR-200a, miR-21 i miR-210 imaju bitnu ulogu u regulaciji proliferacije, angiogeneze
i invazije, s obzirom na značajnu korelaciju sa ekspresijom gena DICER1, PTEN i HIF1A
i koncentracijama proteina MMP-9 u uzorcima KE. Profil ekspresije molekula miR200a i miR-210, gena DICER1 i PTEN, kao i proteina MMP-9 i PTEN, ispoljio je snažan
dijagnostički potencijal u detekciji uzoraka karcinoma endometrijuma u ranom
stadijumu bolesti. Kombinovanjem ovih markera formirani su paneli od tri i pet
različitih molekula koji su pokazali da odlično diskriminišu pacijentkinje sa KE u
ranoj fazi bolesti od benignih promena endometrijuma sa AUC vrednošću od 0.958 i
0.983. Uzimajući u obzir da je KE izlečiv u ranom stadijumu bolesti, formiranjem
dijagnostičkog testa drastično bi se pomoglo u pravovremenoj detekciji ovog
karcinoma i izlečenju obolelih pacijentkinja. Predloženi paneli mogu biti
potencijalni kandidati za formiranje dijagnostičkog testa zbog čega su neophodna dalja
istraživanja.Endometrial cancer (EC) is the most prevalent type of malignancy in the female genital
tract, and at present, there is no reliable diagnostic test to detect it. Therefore, it is crucial to
investigate new biomarkers that can identify this type of cancer in its early stages. Numerous
studies have shown that miRNA molecules have great potential for the detection of various
diseases, including malignancies. This doctoral dissertation aimed to examine the expression
of miRNAs molecules (miR-200a, miR-21, miR-210, miR-126, and miR-130a), mRNAs
(DICER1, AGO2, PTEN, HIF1A and VEGFA) and proteins (PTEN and MMP-9) for the
diagnosis of EC in its early stages. Furthermore, the association of genetic variants within the
genes encoding miR-196a2 and miR-146a with the risk of developing EC was evaluated. It was
shown that miR-200a, miR-21, and miR-210 play an important role in the regulation of
proliferation, angiogenesis, and invasion, given their significant correlation with the expression
of DICER1, PTEN, HIF1А mRNAs and MMP-9 protein. Expression profiles of miR-200a,
miR-210 molecules, DICER1 and PTEN mRNAs, and proteins MMP-9 and PTEN showed
significant diagnostic potential for the detection of EC samples in the early stage of the disease.
By combining these markers, panels of three and five different molecules were formed that
showed excellent discrimination of EC patients at an early stage of the disease with AUC values
of 0.958 and 0.983, respectively. Early-stage EC is curable, and the development of a diagnostic
test would greatly aid in its timely detection and treatment of affected patients. The proposed
panels warrant further investigation as potential candidates for diagnostic tests
Taxonomical, zoogeographical and ecological study of the Lumbricidae (Annelidae) of the Kopaonik Mountain
No full textSrbiju, kao deo Balkanskog poluostrva, odlikuje izuzetno bogatstvo i raznovrsnost
lumbricidne faune. Međutim, kao ključni motiv izdvojio bih činjenicu da područje
planine Kopaonik predstavlja jedno od faunistički najslabije proučenih prostora
Srbije. Ciljevi ove studije su bili stvaranje pregleda faune lumbricida planine
Kopaonik, provera pouzdanosti taksonomskih karaktera molekularnim metodama,
utvrđivanje filogenetskih odnosa, utvrđivanje ekoloških i zoogeografskih
preferenci vrsta i utvrđivanje visinskog obrasca lumbricida. Zabeleženo je
prisustvo 38 taksona, tokom ranijih istraživanja zabeleženo je dva taksona, tako da
danas fauna lumbricida ovog područja broji 40 taksona (35 vrsta i pet podvrsta). Na
osnovu taksonomskih karaktera i molekularne filogenetike razrešen je taksonomski
status sedam kontroverznih endemičnih vrsta. Po prvi put u Srbiji su registrovano
šest taksona, što je od izuzetnog faunističkog značaja. Sa druge strane, određeno je
po 10 visinskih transekata na istočnoj i zapadnoj strani planine, kako bi ustanovili
visinski obrazac lumbricida. Brojnost i bogatstvo vrsta monotono su opadali sa
povećanjem nadmorske visine, pokazujući značajnu negativnu korelaciju. Klaster
analiza je otkrila tri obrasca sastava zajednice lumbricida. Srednja veličina
visinskog raspona lumbricida značajno se povećala duž visinskih gradijenata, što
ukazuje da naši rezultati podržavaju Rapoportovo visinsko pravilo. Takođe,
fokusirali smo se na zajednicu lumbricida u različitim tipovima staništa,
analizirajući bogatstvo vrsta i sastav zajednice. Nadmorska visina i tip staništa
imali su jak uticaj na strukturu zajednice lumbricida.As part of the Balkan Peninsula, Serbia is characterized by the extraordinary richness and
diversity of the lumbricidal fauna. However, as a key motive, we would single out the fact
that the area of the Kopaonik Мountain is one of the least studied faunal areas of Serbia. The
goals of this study were to create an overview of the lumbricid fauna of the Kopaonik Mt., to
check the reliability of taxonomic characters by molecular methods, to determine
phylogenetic relationships, to determine the ecological and zoogeographical preferences of
species and to determine the altitudinal pattern of lumbricids. The presence of 38 taxa was
recorded, during earlier research two taxa were recorded, so today the lumbricid fauna of this
area numbers 40 taxa. Based on taxonomic characters and molecular phylogenetics, the
taxonomic status of seven controversial endemic species was resolved. Six taxa were
registered for the first time in Serbia, which is of great faunal significance. On the other hand,
determined 10 altitudinal transects on the mountain's eastern and western sides to establish the
lumbricids' altitudinal pattern. The lumbricid abundance and species richness monotonically
decreased with the increase in altitude, showing a significant negative correlation. Cluster
analysis revealed three patterns of lumbricid community composition. The mean altitudinal
range size of the lumbricid significantly increased along the altitudinal gradients, indicating
that our results support Rapoport’s altitudinal rule. Also, we focused on the community of
lumbricids in different habitat types, analyzing species richness and community composition.
Both altitude and habitat type strongly affected the community structure of lumbrici
The Virgin Mary in Serbian poetry of the 20th century
No full textPredmet istraživanja ove disertacije jeste poetsko konstituisanje Marije Bogorodice u
srpskoj poeziji 20. veka. Kako u srpskoj nauci o književnosti još uvek nisu sprovedena
značajnija marijanska čitanja naše poezije, tako se datom disertacijom otvara i prikazuje
važno tematsko polje u srpskoj pesničkoj produkciji, koje je, osim zbog svog nesumnjivog
estetskog kvaliteta, krucijalno i sa stanovišta teoloških i kulturoloških
istraživanja. Kritički, poetički, kulturološki i književnoistorijski pogodna za
uspostavljanje sintetičkog pogleda na dosadašnja fragmentarna istraživanja marijanske
topike srpskog pesništva, ova se disertacija konstituiše na inovativnom čitanju srpske
poezije – na teopoetici, dakle, na interdisciplinarnom povezivanju teologije i nauke o
književnosti. U istraživanju polazimo od teoloških uvida u mariologiju – što
podrazumeva starozavetno-novozavetno uspostavljanje lika Marije Bogorodice, te
rasvetljavanje osnovnih postulata teotokologije (bogomajčinstvo, uvekdevstvenost,
molitveno zastupništvo, itd.), kao i terminološkog razjašnjenja nazivȃ za disciplinu
hrišćanske teologije koja proučava Bogorodicu (mariologija i(li) teotokologija),
širokih etimoloških rasvetljavanja na polju teotokonimije, te istorijskog uspostavljanja
imena Marije Bogorodice u hrišćanskoj crkvi. Na tragu analitičko-sintetičkog,
intertekstualnog, interdisciplinarnog, poststrukturalističkog, kao i teopoetskog
metoda pratimo pesničko konstituisanje Bogorodičinog lika u srpskoj poeziji, pratimo
pomeranje Marije kao znaka od teološke mariologije ka književnoj, te kroz različite
epohe, periode i stilske formacije srpske poezije 20. veka rasvetljavamo dinamiku
književnih procesa i književnih kontekstȃ usvajanja marijanske poetike, različite
poetske afirmacije Marije u zavisnosti od epoha, te otkrivamo one valence pesničkog
teksta u kojima se on otvara za mariološko, time, na širem planu, za religiozno i
sakralno kao takvo. Permanentno prisustvo Marije Bogorodice u srpskom pesništvu
pokazuje da ona u istoriji srpske književnosti prolazi kroz različite semantičke
metamorfoze i simboličke transferencije, te, počev od Laze Kostića, koga sagledavamo u
kontekstu ranijih pesnika koji su ostavili značajan trag u srpskoj književnoj mariologiji
(Dimitrije Kantakuzin, Mavro Vetranović, Gavril Stefanović Venclović, Ruđer
Bošković, Đorđe Marković Koder), naš korpus istraživanja zahvata pesnike moderne,
Jovana Dučića i Milana Rakića, avangardne stihove Branka Ve Poljanskog, Ljubomira
Micića, Dragana Aleksića, Dušana Vasiljeva, Rada Drainca, Miloša Crnjanskog i
Momčila Nastasijevića, u čijim se pesmama već naziru i modernistička stremljenja Vaska
Pope, Ljubomira Simovića, Ivana V. Lalića, te postmoderno i savremeno marijansko
pesništvo Milorada Pavića, Novice Tadića, Dragana Boškovića, Milosava Tešića, Ane
Ristović...The subject of research of this dissertation is the poetic constitution of the Virgin Mary in Serbian
poetry of the 20th century. Since significant Marian readings of our poetry have not yet been
conducted in Serbian literary science, this dissertation opens and presents a significant thematic
field in Serbian poetic production, which is crucial not only because of its undeniable poetic quality
but also from the standpoint of theological and cultural research. Critically, poetically, culturally,
and literary-historically suitable for establishing a synthetic view on the previous fragmented
research of the Marian topic in Serbian poetry, this dissertation constitutes itself on an innovative
reading of Serbian poetry – on theopoetics, thus, on interdisciplinary linking of theology and
literary science.
In our research, we start from theological insights into Mariology – which implies the
establishment of the figure of the Virgin Mary from the Old and New Testaments, as well as
elucidating the basic postulates of Mariology (motherhood of God, perpetual virginity, etc.), as
well as terminological clarification of the name for the discipline of Christian theology that studies
the Virgin Mary (Mariology and/or Theotokology), broad etymological clarifications in the field
of Theotokonymy, and historical establishment of the name of the Virgin Mary (Theotokos) in the
Christian Church. Following the path of analytical-synthetic, intertextual, interdisciplinary, post-
structuralist, as well as theopoetic method, we follow the poetic constitution of the figure of the
Virgin Mary in Serbian poetry, tracking the shifting of Mary from Theological Mariology to
Literary, and through different epochs of Serbian poetry in the 20th century, we elucidate the
dynamics of literary processes and literary contexts of adopting Marian poetics, different poetic
affirmations of Mary depending on the era, and we discover those valences of poetic text in which
it opens up to Mariological, thus, on a broader level, to religious and sacred as such.
The permanent presence of the Virgin Mary in Serbian poetry shows that she undergoes
various semantic metamorphoses and symbolic transfers in the history of Serbian literature, and
starting from Laza Kostić, whom we perceive in the context of earlier poets who left a significant
trace in Serbian literary Mariology (Dimitrije Kantakuzin, Mavro Vetranović, Gavril Stefanović
Venclović, Ruđer Bošković, Đorđe Marković Koder), our corpus of research covers modern poets,
Jovan Dučić and Milan Rakić, avantgarde verses of Branko Ve Poljanski, Ljubomir Micić, Dragan
Aleksić, Dušan Vasiljev, Rado Drainac, Miloš Crnjanski, and Momčilo Nastasijević, in whose
poems we already discern modernist aspirations of Vasko Popa, Ljubomir Simović, Ivan V. Lalić,
as well as postmodern and contemporary Marian poetry of Milorad Pavić, Novica Tadić, Dragan
Bošković, Milosav Tešić, Ana Ristović
Еvaluation of risk factors for the occurrence of children's extremity fractures due to accidental injury
No full textSAŽETAK:
Uvod. Slučajne povrede dece su jedan od najvažnijih uzroka hospitalizacije ovog
uzrasta u celom svetu. Postoje brojni faktori koji utiču na pojavu i stepen težine
slučajnih povreda, a vezani su za okruženje, porodicu i samu decu. Kao rezultat
slučajnog povređivanja dolazi do nastanka fraktura, posebno ekstremiteta, kod dece
češće gornjih nego donjih.
Cilj. Ova studija imala je za cilj da ispita uticaj svih faktora koji doprinose nastanku
fraktura ekstremiteta nastale kao posledica slučajnog povređivanja dece.
Materijal i metode. Studija je uključila 320 dece do 18 godina starosti kojima je
pregledom ustanovljena slučajna povreda ekstremiteta ili fraktura ekstremiteta kao
rezultat slučajne povrede. Podaci su dobijeni od dece i roditelja, kao i korišćenjem
informacija iz istorije bolesti.
Rezultati. Najveći procenat dece sa nastalom frakturom je mlađi od 11 godina. Češće
su frakture na gornjim u odnosu na donje ekstremitete. Deca sa sela imaju veći procenat
fraktura u odnosu na decu iz grada. Indeks telesne mase ima značajan uticaj na povećanje
nastanka frakture, kao i pad dece sa visine. Od ostalih faktora utiče postojanje
depresije i/ili anksioznosti roditelja, nezaposlenost jednog od roditelja i lošiji
ekonomski status porodice.
Zaključak. Zbog velikog značaja slučajnih povreda i fraktura dece neophodno je
preduzimanje adekvatnih mera prevencije u cilju suzbijanja štetnog uticaja uočenih
faktora rizika.ABSTRACT:
Introduction. Accidental injuries to children are one of the most important causes of
hospitalization in this age group throughout the world. There are numerous factors that
influence occurrence and degree of severity of accidental injuries, and they are related to
environment, family and children themselves. Fractures occur as result of accidental injuries,
especially of extremities, and in children more often of upper than lower.
Aim. This study aimed to examine the influence of all factors that contribute to occurrence of
limb fractures resulting from accidental injury in children.
Materials and methods. The study included 320 children up to 18 years of age who were
diagnosed with accidental limb injury or limb fracture as result of accidental injury. Data were
obtained from children and parents, as well as using information from medical history.
Results. Highest percentage of children with a fracture is younger than 11 years. Fractures occur
significantly more frequently in upper than in lower extremities. Children from countryside
have higher percentage of fractures than children from the city. Body mass index has significant
effect on increasing possibility of fracture, as well as children falling from height. Among other
factors is presence of depression and/or anxiety in parents, unemployment of parents, and
poorer economic status of family influence increase in occurrence of fractures.
Conclusion. Due to great importance of accidental injuries and fractures of children, it is
necessary to take adequate preventive measures in order to suppress harmful effects of the
observed risk factors for occurrence of injuries and fractures
Ten-year monitoring of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest during the implementation of European registry of cardiac arrest in Serbia
No full textUvod: Vanbolnički srčani zastoj (VBSZ) je jedan od vodećih uzroka smrti u savremenoj
populaciji. Do 2014. godine u Republici Srbiji nije bilo doslednih podataka o VBSZ
u Srbiji.
Cilj ove studije je da analizira učestalost faktora koji utiču na tok i ishode VBSZ u
Srbiji i predikciju prehospitalnih ishoda i preživljavanja.
Materijal i metode: Podaci su prikupljeni u periodu od 2014. do 2023. godine, prema
protokolu studije EuReCa One (ID broj kliničkog ispitivanja NCT02236819).
Rezultati: Ukupno 9303 VBSZ događaja registrovano je sa medijanom starosti pacijenta
od 71 godine. Ukupno 59.7% pacijenata su bili muškarci. Godišnja incidenca VBSZ
bila je 85.60±20.73/100000 stanovnika. U svim slučajevima osvedočenim od strane
slučajnog svedoka, kardiopulmonalna reanimacija (KPR) inicirana je od strane
svedoka u 15.3%. Unutar grupe sa započetom KPR, povratak spontane cirkulacije (PSC)
na mestu zadesa bio je prisutan u 1037/4053 slučaja (25.6%), a PSC na prijemu u
najbližu bolnicu u 792/4053 slučaja (19.5%) , dok je 201/4053 pacijenata preživelo do
otpusta iz bolnice (5.0%). Prediktivni potencijal prehospitalnih ishoda pokazao je
nekoliko faktora. Takođe, od svih pacijenata koji su imali PSC, 89,2% je primljeno u
bolnicu živo. Verovatnoća PSC na mestu zadesa pala je ispod 50% nakon što je prošlo
17 minuta nakon hitnog poziva i 10 minuta nakon dolaska ekipe hitne pomoći na mesto
zadesa.
Zaključci: Stope incidence VBSZ u Srbiji su uporedive sa većinom ranije objavljenih
izveštaja. Postoji poboljšanje u uključivanju posmatrača u pružanju KPR mera.
Primetne geografske i vremenske varijacije u incidenci VBSZ i dalje su prisutne.
KPR iniciran od strane svedoka i faktori vezani za vremenske intervale istaknuti su
kao prediktori povoljnih ishoda kod pacijenata sa VBSZ.Introduction: Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest is one of the leading causes of death in the modern
population. Until 2014, in the Republic of Serbia, there were no consistent data on out-ofhospital cardiac arrest in Serbia.
The aim of this study is to analyze the frequency of factors influencing the course and outcomes
of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) in Serbia and the prediction of pre-hospital outcomes
and survival.
Material and Methods: Data were collected during the period from 1 October 2014, to 31
September 2023, according to the protocol of the EuReCa_One study (clinical trial ID number
NCT02236819).
Results: Overall 9303 OHCA events were registered with a median age of 71 (IQR 61–81)
years and 59.7% of them being males. The annual OHCA incidence was 85.60 ± 20.73/100,000.
Within all bystander-witnessed cases, bystander-initiated cardiopulmonary resuscitation in
15.3%. Within the resuscitation-initiated group, return-of-spontaneous circulation (ROSC) on
scene was present in 1037/4053 cases (25.6%) and ROSC on admission to the nearest hospital
in 792/4053 cases (19.5%), while 201/4053 patients survived to hospital discharge (5.0%).
Predictive potential on pre-hospital outcomes was shown by several factors. Also, of all patients
having any ROSC, 89.2% were admitted to the hospital alive. The probability of any ROSC
dropped below 50% after 17 min passed after the emergency call and 10 minutes after the EMS
scene arrival.
Conclusions: Incidence rates of OHCA in Serbia are comparable to most previously published
reports. There is an improvement in bystander inclusion in providing CPR measures. Noticeable
geographic and time-related variabilities in OHCA incidence are still present among the OHCA
reports. Bystander-initiated CPR and time-related factors are highlighted as predictors of
favorable outcomes in patients with OHCA
Application of multigraph in the design of the simulation model of the integrated telecommunication and computer network
No full textProjektovanje prostorno distribuirane integrisane telekomunikacione i
računarske mreže je unapređeno i olakšano primenom metode računarske simulacije
modela mreže. Upotreba naprednog simulacionog softvera sa integrisanim alatima
omogućavaju topološku i tehnološku izradu modela, definisanje i generisanje
mrežnog saobraćaja, analizu rezultata vrednosti komunikacionih parametara.
Primena simulacionih modela u projektovanju komunikacione mreže značajno
olakšava posao projektovanja, posebno modela sa složenom arhitekurom i topologijom,
omogućava izvođenje zaključaka i donošenja odluka o realizaciji fizičkog realnog
modela mreže, i definisanje potrebnih finansijskih investicija.
Povećanje dinamike funkcija organizacionih celina uzrokuje povećanje inteziteta
komunikacija između njenih činioca, što zahteva nove tehnologije.
Uvođenjem i primenom novih informacionih tehnologija i sistema menja se tip i
količina podataka, povećava se broj računarskih mrežnih aplikativnih servisa koji
omogućavaju generisanje i distribuciju podataka, i menja se mrežni saobraćaj. Iako
primena simulacionog modela značajno olakšava projektovanje, kod projektanta uvek
postoji mera nesigurnosti u pogledu tačnosti opisa mrežnog saobraćaja, od čega zavisi
upotrebljivost projektovane složene topološke tehničko-tehnološke strukture
komunikacione mreže.
Radi tačnijeg i verodostojnijeg opisa i definisanja mrežnog saobraćaja u
simulacionom modelu mreže, potrebno je definisati nove metode i matematičke
modele koji omogućavaju njegov tačniji opis.
Postavlja se pitanje adekvatnosti i tačnosti opisa mrežnog saobraćaja
aproksimacijom poznatim funkcijama raspodele i opsegom vrednosti njihovih
parametara. Da bi projektovanje komunikacione mreže primenom simulacionog modela
imalo veću efikasnost i tačnost za izradu realnog modela, otuda je i motivacija za
navedenim istraživanjem. Motivacija i potreba da se definiše naučno zasnovana
metoda koja će omogućiti realniji opis mrežnog saobraćaja, matematičku primenu i
povećati verodostojnost rezultata projektovanja.
U disertaciji je predstavljena metoda primene multigrafa koja omogućava da se
izvedu odgovarajuće vremenske funkcije distribucije za svaki mrežni aplikativni
servis, izvrši njihova procena u odnosu na aproksimirajuće funkcije distribucije i
smanji uticaj pogrešnog opisa. Metoda omogućava da se izvedene funkcije distribucije
implementiraju u simulacioni model, i time poveća tačnost dobijenih rezultata
komunikacionih parametara potrebnih za dalju analizu i projektovanje konačnog
modela integrisane telekomunikacione i računarske mreže.The design of a spatially distributed integrated telecommunication and computer network
has been improved and facilitated by the application of the method of computer simulation of
the network model. The use of advanced simulation software with integrated tools enables
topological and technological modeling, definition and generation of network traffic, analysis
of communication parameter value results.
The application of simulation models in the design of communication networks
significantly facilitates the design work, especially of models with complex architecture and
topology, enables drawing conclusions and making decisions about the realization of a physical
real network model and defining the necessary financial investments.
The increase in the dynamics of the functions of organizational units causes an increase in
the intensity of communication between its agents, which requires new technologies. The
introduction and application of new information technologies and systems changes the type and
amount of data, the number of computer network application services that enable the generation
and distribution of data is increasing and network traffic changes. Although the application of
the simulation model significantly facilitates the design, the designer always has a measure of
uncertainty regarding the accuracy of the network traffic description, which depends on the
usability of the designed complex topological technical-technological structure of the
communication network.
For a more accurate and reliable description and definition of network traffic in the network
simulation model, it is necessary to define new methods and mathematical models that enable
its more accurate description.
The question arises of the adequacy and accuracy of the description of network traffic by
approximation to known distribution functions and the range of values of their parameters. In
order for the design of the communication network using the simulation model to have greater
efficiency and accuracy for the creation of a real model, hence the motivation for the mentioned
research. The motivation and need to define a scientifically based method that will enable a
more realistic description of network traffic, mathematical application and increase the
reliability of design results.
In the dissertation, a multigraph application method is presented, which allows to derive
appropriate time distribution functions for each network application service, evaluate them in
relation to approximating distribution functions and reduce the impact of misdescription. The
method allows the derived distribution functions to be implemented in the simulation model
and thereby increase the accuracy of the obtained results of the communication parameters,
needed for further analysis and designing the final model of the integrated telecommunication
and computer network
Foster parents' attachment and mentalization as a contribution to foster children's mental health
No full textOvom disertacijom prikazano je istraživanje koje je imalo za cilj da ispita kvalitet mentalnog zdravlja
adolescenata na alternativnom porodičnom smeštaju i ustanovi u kojoj meri afektivna vezanost i
mentalizacija hraniteljica doprinose oporavku od nepovoljnih efekata traumatskih iskustava iz biološke
porodice i razvoju pozitivnog mentalnog zdravlja njihovih štićenika. Kvalitet mentalnog zdravlja
adolescenata predstavljen je njihovom afektivnom vezanošću, kapacitetom za mentalizaciju i snagama i
teškoćama u socio-emocionalnom funkcionisanju.
Nakon teorijskog sledi empirijski deo istraživanja, koji obuhvata dve studije u kojima je korišćena
kvantitativna i potom kvalitativna metodologija. Prva studija sprovedena je primenom upitnika
samoprocene na uzorku od 103 adolescenta i 72 hraniteljice. Uzorak druge studije sačinjen je od deset
adolescenata, čije je mentalno zdravlje pozitivno procenjeno na osnovu rezultata prve studije, i njihovih
hraniteljica, sa kojima je sproveden polustrukturisani dubinski intervju.
Osnovni rezultati istraživanja ukazuju na sledeće: 1) sigurna vezanost i izražena sigurnost u mentalna
stanja predstavljaju značajne aspekte mentalnog zdravlja adolescenata; 2) nakon višegodišnjeg
hraniteljskog smeštaja adolescenti uspevaju da prevaziđu većinu nepovoljnih efekata rane
traumatizacije na kvalitet mentalnog zdravlja; 3) dimezije izbegavanja i sigurnosti u pogledu mentalnih
stanja hraniteljica ostvaruju moderatorski efekat na povezanost traume i određenih aspekata mentalnog
zdravlja adolescenata; 4) interesovanje hraniteljica za emotivna stanja svojih štićenika uz adekvatno
prilagođavanje njihovim razvojnim promenama doprinose doživljaju prihvaćenosti kod mladih na
smeštaju.
U diskusijama obe studije rezultati su razmatrani u smislu slaganja, odnosno neslaganja, sa
očekivanjima zasnovanim na izloženim teorijama i drugim empirijskim studijama. U završnom delu
rada izložene su praktične implikacije, kao i ograničenja studije uz preporuke za buduća istraživanjaThe aim of the research presented in this dissertation was to examine the quality of mental health of
adolescents in foster care and establish the degree to which their foster parents’ attachment and
mentalization may contribute to their wards’ recovery from the adverse effects of early trauma
experienced in their biological families and enhance the growth of positive mental health. The quality
of adolescent mental health is represented through attachment, mentalization as well as strengths and
difficulties in socio-emotional functioning.
Following the theoretical background, the empirical part consists of two major studies: quantative and
qualitative. The first was conducted by applying self-report questionnaires, on the sample consisting of
103 adolescents and 72 foster mothers. The sample used in the second involved 10 adolescents whose
mental health was favourably estimated on the basis of the previous questionnaire’s results, and their
foster mothers, with whom a semi-structured, in-depth interview was conducted.
Our major results indicate the following: 1) secure attachment and high certainty in mental
states constitute significant aspects of adolescents’ mental health; 2) after a number of years spent in
foster care, adolescents successfully overcome most of the unfavourable effects left on their mental
health by early traumatization; 3) dimensions of avoidance and certainty in mental states in foster
mothers have a moderating effect on the relatedness of trauma and aspects of adolescents mental
health; 4) foster mothers’ interest in their wards’ emotional states, along with the adequate
adjustment required by their developmental changes, contribute to the sense of acceptance
experienced by the young in foster care.
In the discussion of both studies their results are interpreted in terms of their (dis)agreement with the
expectations deriving from the theories and other empirical studies referred to in the dissertation. The
final section includes the practical implications and limitations of the work, along with
recommendations concerning future research
Characteristics of child labor among unaccompanied and separated children in Serbia
No full textZloupotreba dečjeg rada predstavlja jednu od ključnih oblasti gde se grubo krše prava deteta definisana međunarodnim dokumentima i domaćim zakonima. Procenjuje se da je 160 miliona dece u svetu bilo izloženo zloupotrebi dečjeg rada, od čega je 79 miliona dece bilo izloženo opasnom dečjem radu (ILO & UNICEF, 2021). U kontekstu migracija, naročito iregularnih i prisilnih, rizik da deca budu izložena zloupotrebi dečjeg rada je veliki, imajući u vidu da migriranje samo po sebi sadrži sve elemente koji su definisani kao rizici da deca budu izložena ovoj vrsti zloupotrebe: siromaštvo, neredovno pohađanje škole, nezaposlenost roditelja itd.
Posebno ranjivu grupu čine nepraćena i razdvojena deca, a procene su da je tokom 2022. godine njih 39180 podnelo zahteve za azil u 27 EU+ zemalja (Eurostat, 2023). Ove brojeve, treba uzeti sa rezervom, jer veliki broj dece bez pratnje nije podneo zahtev za azil ni u jednoj zemlji, što dodatnopovećava rizik od različitih vidova eksploatacije, uključujući i dečji rad, s obzirom na to da nisu vidljivi sistemima zaštite. Zaštita nepraćene i razdvojene dece od izloženosti dečjem radu nije regulisana posebnim zakonskim odredbama i na njih se primenjuju zakonske odredbe, međunarodne i nacionalne, koje su u ovoj oblasti propisane za domicilnu decu.
Istraživanje je kombinovalo kvantitativne i kvalitativne metode prikupljanja podataka. Korišćen je upitnik koji je posebno razvijen za potrebe ovog istraživanja. Upitnik je bio namenjen zaposlenima u sistemu zaštite nepraćene i razdvojene dece – iz državnih ustanova i organizacija civilnog društva. Fokus grupe i intervjui rađeni su sa profesionalcima iz sistema socijalne zaštite i sa nepraćenom i razdvojenom decom. U istraživanju je učestvovalo 140 profesionalaca i 44 dece.
Rezultati ukazuju da je značajan udeo nepraćene i razdvojene dece izložen radu na migrantskom putu od zemalja porekla (najčešće Avganistana) do Srbije, te da su mnoga izložena najgorim oblicima dečjeg rada – i to opasnom radu i radu koji podrazumeva vršenje krivičnih dela vezanih za krijumčarenje ljudi i distribuciju prihoaktivnih supstanci. Deca koja putuju zapadnobalkanskom rutom preko Srbije uobičajeno rade na opasnim mašinama, u opasnim okolnostima i u opasnim delatnostima koje sa sobom nose potencijalne rizike i stvarne nepovoljne posledice po zdravlje, moral i blagostanje dece. Deca pokazuju agensnost što se vidi u demonstriranoj kontroli prilikom izbora posla i odluku da prekinu sa poslom onda kada prevazilazi njihove mogućnosti za trpljenje neadekvatnih uslova. Rezilijentnost dece karakteriše motivisanost da se uključe u rad i pokažu sposobnost za zarađivanje, a ta motivacija je usko vezana za odgovornost prema porodici. Njihov “uspeh” je dobit kojom ispunjavanju tu odgovornost, uz pozitivne efekte rada za sebe – sticanje veština za budućnost, nova znanja i sposobnosti. U kontekstu rada dece, izrazito važnu negativnu ulogu imaju evropske politike migracija, ali i politike nacionalnih zemalja tranzita: postojeće politike dodatno guraju decu u opasan rad otežavanjem ili češće onemogućavanjem legalnog zaposlenja, što otvara put poslodavcima da grubo zloupotrebljavaju rad dece.Child labor is one of the key areas where children's rights defined by international documents and domestic laws are grossly violated. It is estimated that 160 million children in the world were exposed to child labor, of which 79 million children were exposed to hazardous child labor (ILO & UNICEF, 2021).
In the context of migration, especially irregular and forced, the risk of children being exposed to child labor is high, bearing in mind that migration itself contains all those elements that are otherwise defined as risks of children being exposed to this type of abuse: poverty, irregular school attendance, parental unemployment, etc. A particularly risky group is unaccompanied and separated children, for whom it is estimated that in 2022, 39,180 of them applied for asylum in EU+ countries (Eurostat, 2023). These numbers, however, should be taken with a grain of salt, as large number of unaccompanied children have not applied for asylum in any country, which puts them at even greater risk of various forms of exploitation, including child labor, given that they are not visible to protection systems. The protection of unaccompanied and separated children from child labor is not covered by special legal provisions, international or national, but falls under the regulation for domicile children.
The research combined quantitative and qualitative data collection methods. A questionnaire was used, which was specially developed for the needs of this research, and which was filled out by professionals. The questionnaire was intended for all employees in the system of protection of unaccompanied and separated children - from state institutions and civil society organizations. Focus groups and interviews were conducted with professionals from the social welfare system and with unaccompanied and separated children. In total, 140 professionals and 44 children participated in the research. The results indicate that a significant number of unaccompanied and separated children are exposed to work on the migrant route from the countries of origin (most often Afghanistan) to Serbia, and that they are exposed to the worst forms of child labor - namely dangerous work and work that involves the commission of criminal acts related to smuggling and distribution of prichoactive substances. Children who travel the Balkan route through Serbia usually work on dangerous machines, in dangerous circumstances and in dangerous activities that carry with them potential risks and real consequences for the health, morale and well-being of children. Children show agency, which can be seen in the demonstrated control when choosing a job and the decision to stop working when it exceeds their capacity to endure inadequate conditions. Resilience of children is characterized by motivation to engage in work and demonstrate the ability to earn, and this motivation is closely related to responsibility towards the family. Their "success" is the profit by which they fulfill that responsibility, along with the positive effects of working for themselves - acquiring skills for the future, new knowledge and abilities. In the context of child labor, the European migration policies, but also the policies of the national transit countries, play an extremely important negative role: existing policies additionally push children into dangerous work by making it difficult or more often impossible to get legal employment, which opens the way for employers to grossly abuse child labor
Effects of a physical training program and accuracy of body composition measurements in the reduction and classification of obesity in members of the police force
No full textPripadnici policijskih snaga imaju važnu ulogu da zaštite građane u svojoj državi i očuvaju red i mir. Povećanje telesne mase koje dovodi do pojave gojaznosti kod pripadnika policijskih snaga, može u velikoj meri da ugrozi njihovo zdravlje i efikasnost obavljanja njihovih dužnosti, pri čemu se telesna težina kod policajaca značajno povećava nakon što završe svoje akademske studije. Pre nego što počnu sa obavljanjem svojih profesionalnih dužnosti, kao kadeti na policijskoj akademiji, izloženi su programu obuke osmišljenom da ih pripremi za njihove profesionalne zadatke nakon što završe studije.
Generalni cilj ove studije je da se prikažu problemi koji su vezani za nivo fizičke spremnosti policajaca, potom gojaznost koja je uveliko prisutna i svakodnevne navike sa kojima se suočavaju pripadnici policijskih snaga, kako u toku radnog odnosa tako i u toku studiranja, i koji nesumnjivo vode do lošijeg zdravlja i neadekvatnog obavljanja profesionalnih dužnosti. U skladu sa spomenutim problemima, organizovana su i sprovedena dva istraživanja.
ISTRAŽIVANJE 1 - Efekti programa fizičkog vežbanja na antropometrijske i motoričke karakteristike kod gojaznih i sa prekomernom težinom policijskih kadeta
Prvi cilj ove studije je ispitivanje efekta 10-nedeljnog programa treninga na antropometrijske karakteristike i fizičke sposobnosti kod grupe gojaznih i sa prekomernom težinom policijskih kadeta (PK). Drugi cilj je bio da se utvrdi u kojoj meri se antropometrijske karakteristike i fizička spremnost mogu poboljšati nakon 10 nedelja treninga. Izmerene antropometrijske karakteristike bile su telesna težina (TT), telesna visina (TV), indeks telesne mase (ITM), obim struka (OS) i odnos struka i visine (OSV), dok su varijable fizičkih sposobnosti uključivale sledeće testove: brzinu promene smera kretanja (T-test), mišićna izdržljivost gornjeg dela tela (1-minutni sklekovi) (PU), mišićna izdržljivost trupa (1-minutni trbušnjaci) (SU) i aerobna izdržljivost (2,4km trčanje) (RUN). Uzorak od 46 (n=36 gojaznih; n=10 sa prekomernom težinom) muških PK (starost=29,2±5,2 godine; TV=174,09±5,21 cm; TT=100,55±11,99 kg) uključeno je u program fizičke pripreme u trajanju od 10-nedelja. Upareni uzorak t-testa i Cohenova veličina d efekta (ES) otkrili su značajne promene (p<0,001) u testiranim antropometrijskim varijablama (TT, ITM, OS i OSV) i varijablama fizičkih sposobnosti (T-test, PU, SU i RUN). Nalazi se mogu koristiti kao smernica za sprovođenje programa fizičke obuke među gojaznim i sa prekomernom težinom pripadnika policijskih snaga u cilju prevencije kardiovaskularnih problema i poboljšanja njihove fizičke spremnosti.
ISTRAŽIVANJE 2 – Preciznosti klasifikacije indeksa telesne mase i nivo gojaznosti kod policijskih kadeta
Prvi cilj ove studije bio je da se uporede klasifikacije ITM kao indirektne metode merenja statusa uhranjenosti sa direktnom metodom procenta telesnih masti (%TM)...Members of the police force have an important role to play in protecting citizens in their country and maintaining peace and order. Weight gain leading to obesity in police forces can greatly compromise their health and efficiency in the performance of their duties, with police officers gaining weight significantly after completing their academic studies. Before they begin their professional duties, as cadets at the police academy, they are exposed to a training program designed to prepare them for their professional tasks after they complete their studies.
The general goal of this study is to present the problems related to the level of physical fitness of police officers, also obesity, which is widely present, and the daily habits that members of the police force face, both during their working relationship and during their studies, and which undoubtedly lead to poorer health and inadequate performance of professional duties. In accordance with the mentioned problems, two studies were organized and carried out.
RESEARCH 1 - Effects of a physical training programme on anthropometric and fitness measures in obese and overweight police cadets
The first objective of this study is to examine the effect of a 10-week training program on anthropometric characteristics and physical abilities in a group of overweight and obese police cadets (PC). The second aim was to determine to what extent anthropometric characteristics and physical fitness could be improved after 10 weeks of training. The anthropometric characteristic measures were body mass (BM), body height (BH), body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), while physical ability variables included change of direction speed (T- test), upper body muscular endurance (1-minute push-ups) (PU), trunk muscular endurance (1-minute sit-up) (SU) and aerobic endurance (2.4km run) (RUN). A sample of 46 (n=36 obese; n=10 overweight) male PC (age=29.2±5.2 years; BH=174.09±5.21 cm; BM=100.55±11.99 kg) were included in a 10-week physical activity intervention study. Paired sample t-test and Cohen's d effect size (ES) revealed significant changes (p<0.001) in the tested anthropometric (BM, BMI, WC and WHtR) and physical ability variables (T-test, PU, SU and RUN). The findings can be used as a guideline for the implementation of training procedures among overweight and obese members of the police force in order to prevent cardiovascular problems and improve their physical fitness.
RESEARCH 2 - Accuracy of body mass index and obesity status in police cadets
The first aim of this study was to compare BMI classification as an indirect method of measuring nutritional status with the direct method of body fat percentage (%BF)..
The importance of IgG class autoantibodies to oxidized LDL, LDL and HDL subfractions and paraoxonase 1 determination in patients with ST-segment elevation acute myocardial infarction and stable angina pectoris
No full textPoznato je da u nastanku i progresiji ateroskleroze, koja predstavlja patofiziološku osnovu koronarne arterijske bolesti (KAB), važnu ulogu ima interakcija dislipidemije, oksidativnog stresa, imunskih i inflamatornih procesa, što dovodi do okluzije koronarnih arterija i razvoja akutnog koronarnog sindroma koji se najčešće manifestuje u vidu infarkta miokarda sa elevacijom ST segmenta (STEMI). I dalje se traga za novim biomarkerima koji bi bili od pomoći u proceni obima ishemije miokarda, mogućih komplikacija i ishoda bolesti. Svrha ove studije bila je da se kod STEMI bolesnika (N=69) i bolesnika sa stabilnom anginom pektoris (SAP) (N=21) u odnosu na zdrave kontrolne osobe (N=67) izvrši: ispitivanje koncentracije autoantitela IgG klase na oksidovani LDL (IgG anti-oxLDL antitela), pentraksina 3 (PTX3) i malondialdehida (MDA); procena prognostičke sposobnosti IgG anti-oxLDL antitela i veličine HDL i LDL čestica u predviđanju ishoda bolesti kvantifikovane SYNTAX skorom; ispitivanje zastupljenosti rizičnih fenotipova HDL i LDL subfrakcija i njihov uticaj na koncentracije IgG anti-oxLDL antitela, parametre inflamacije i lipidne peroksidacije; analiza aktivnosti paraoksonaze 1 (PON1) u serumu, njene distribucije na HDL subfrakcijama i njihove povezanosti sa parametrima lipidnog statusa, lipidne peroksidacije i inflamacije. Rezultati trenutne studije su pokazali veću zastupljenost rizičnog HDL 3 i LDL B fenotipa kod SAP i STEMI bolesnika u poređenju sa zdravim osobama. Dokazan je i uticaj rizičnog HDL 3 i LDL B fenotipa na porast koncentracije PTX3 kod STEMI bolesnika, što ukazuje na sinergističko delovanje dislipidemije i inflamacije u progresiji KAB. Takođe, zapažen je i uticaj rizičnog fenotipa na nivoe IgG anti-oxLDL antitela kod zdravih osoba, čime je podržan koncept o dvojnoj ulozi ovih antitela: protektivnoj kod zdravih osoba i proaterogenoj kod bolesnika sa KAB. Uprkos nađenoj razlici u nivoima IgG anti-oxLDL antitela između STEMI bolesnika sa različitim SYNTAX skorom, logističkom regresionom analizom nije potvrđena prediktivna vrednost ovih antitela za težinu i ishod bolesti. U grupi STEMI bolesnika nađeni su manji udeo i smanjena arilesterazna aktivnost PON1 unutar malih HDL 3 subfrakcija izazvani uzajamnim dejstvom dislipidemije, inflamacije i oksidativnog stresa. Kao značajan nezavisni prediktor umerenog rizika u odnosu na SYNTAX skor identifikovan je dijametar LDL čestica. Konačno, rezultati studije su pokazali da je identifikacija STEMI bolesnika sa umerenim rizikom u odnosu na SYNTAX skor korisna u stratifikaciji rizika, terapijskom pristupu i praćenju pacijenata nakon bolničkog otpusta.It is known that the interaction of dyslipidemia, oxidative stress, immune and inflammatory processes plays an important role in the development and progression of atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis is the pathophysiological basis of coronary artery disease (CAD), that leads to the occlusion of coronary arteries and the development of acute coronary syndrome, which is most often manifested in the form of ST-segment elevation acute myocardial infarction (STEMI). However, new biomarkers that would help assess the extent of myocardial ischemia, possible complications, and disease outcomes are still being sought. This study aimed to investigate the concentration of IgG class autoantibodies to oxidized LDL (IgG anti-oxLDL antibodies), pentraxin 3 (PTX3) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in STEMI patients (N=69) and patients with stable angina pectoris (SAP) (N=21) compared to healthy control subjects (N=67); to evaluate the predictive ability of IgG anti-oxLDL antibodies and the size of HDL and LDL particles for the disease outcome quantified by the SYNTAX score; to examine the presence of risk phenotypes of HDL and LDL subfractions and their influence on IgG anti-oxLDL antibody concentrations, parameters of inflammation and lipid peroxidation; to analyze paraoxonase 1 (PON1) activity in serum, its distribution on HDL subfractions and their association with parameters of lipid status, lipid peroxidation and inflammation. The results of the current study showed a higher prevalence of risk HDL 3 and LDL B phenotypes in SAP and STEMI patients compared to healthy controls. The risk HDL and LDL phenotype influenced the increase in the concentration of pentraxin 3, confirming the synergistic action of dyslipidemia and inflammation in the progression of CAD. This phenotype, also, had an impact on the levels of IgG anti-oxLDL antibodies among healthy individuals, supporting the concept of a dual role of these antibodies: protective in healthy subjects and proatherogenic in patients with CAD. Despite the difference found in the levels of IgG anti-oxLDL antibodies between STEMI patients with different SYNTAX scores, logistic regression analysis did not confirm the predictive value of these antibodies, but a smaller diameter of LDL particles was identified as a significant independent predictor. In the STEMI group, a smaller proportion and reduced arylesterase activity of PON1 within small HDL 3 subfractions were found, suggesting the interaction of dyslipidemia, inflammation, and oxidative stress. Finally, the results of this study showed that the identification of STEMI patients with an intermediate to high SYNTAX score and a smaller LDL diameter is useful in risk stratification, therapeutic approach, and follow-up of patients after hospital discharge