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Effects of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists on ischemia/reperfusion injury in isolated hearts of rats with metabolic syndrome
No full textMetabolički sindrom je skup međusobno povezanih poremećaja koji obuhvataju hipertenziju,
dislipidemiju, hiperglikemiju, insulinsku rezistenciju i gojaznost. Uprkos brojnim dostupnim
lekovima, savremeni vodiči izdvajaju agoniste receptora za peptid sličan glukagonu 1
(glucagon like peptid, GLP-1) kao kamen temeljac u terapiji pacijenata sa metaboličkim
sindromom.
Glavni cilj ovog istraživanja bio je da se ispitaju efekti primene agonista GLP-1 receptora
(liraglutid, eksenatid, dulaglutid i semaglutid) na ishemisjko reperfuzionu povredu izolovanog
srca pacova sa metaboličkim sindromom.
U istraživanje je uključeno 50 mužjaka pacova Wistar albino soja koje su nakon potvrde
indukcije metaboličkog sindroma razvrstani u 5 grupa u zavisnosti od primenjenog leka. Nakon
6. nedelje od početka eksperimentalnog protokola, funkcija srca ispitana je in vivo primenom
ultrazvuka. Neposredno nakon žrtvovanja, dekapitacijom, uzeti su uzorci krvi kako bi se
odredile vrednosti triglicerida, holesterola, glikemije, insulina, kao i parametri oksidativnog
stresa: indeks lipidne peroksidacije - TBARS, nitriti, super oksid anjon radikal, vodonik
peroksid, katalaza, superoksid dismutaza, glutation. Funkcija srca ex vivo ispitana je
upotrebom Langendorfove tehnike izolovanog srca sisara. Takođe je sprovedena i
histomorfološka analiza srca, jetre, bubrega i pankreasa.
Rezultati su pokazali da agonisti GLP-1 receptora imaju značajne kardioprotektivne osobine,
pošto su poboljšali oporavak i funkcionalne performanse miokarda. Istovremeno, lekovi su
ublažili ključne metaboličke poremećaje (hiperglikemija, dislipidemija i hipertenzija).
Navedeni efekti su posledica složenog delovanja, koji uključuje antioksidaciona,
antiinflamacijska i antiapoptotska svojstva.
Rezultati istraživanja ukazuju na korisnost primene agonista GLP-1 receptora kod obolelih od
metaboličkog sindroma i cilju prevencije i ublažavanja ishemijske bolesti srca.Metabolic syndrome is a set of interrelated disorders that include hypertension, dyslipidemia,
hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, and obesity. Despite the numerous drugs available, modern
guidelines highlight glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists as the cornerstone in
the treatment of patients with metabolic syndrome.
The main goal of this study was to examine the effects of the administration of GLP-1 receptor
agonists (liraglutide, exenatide, dulaglutide and semaglutide) on ischemia-reperfusion injury
in the isolated heart of rats with metabolic syndrome.
50 male Wistar albino rats were included in the research, and after confirmation of the
induction of metabolic syndrome, they were classified into 5 groups depending on the drug
administered. After the 6th week from the beginning of the experimental protocol, the function
of the heart was examined in vivo using ultrasound. Immediately after sacrifice, by
decapitation, blood samples were taken to determine the values of triglycerides, cholesterol,
glycemia, insulin, as well as parameters of oxidative stress: lipid peroxidation index - TBARS,
nitrites, super oxide anion radical, hydrogen peroxide, catalase, superoxide dismutase,
glutathione. Ex vivo cardiac function was examined using the Langendorff technique of the
isolated mammalian heart. A histomorphological analysis of the heart, liver, kidneys and
pancreas was also performed.
The results showed that GLP-1 receptor agonists have significant cardioprotective properties,
since they improved the recovery and functional performance of the myocardium. At the same
time, the drugs alleviated key metabolic disorders (hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, and
hypertension). The mentioned effects are the result of a complex action, which includes
antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antiapoptotic properties.
The results of the research indicate the usefulness of GLP-1 receptor agonists administration
in patients with metabolic syndrome for the purpose of preventing and mitigating ischemic
heart disease
A Methodology for Robustness Evaluation of Deep Learning Methods in Retinal Vessel Segmentation
Get PDFU doktorskoj disertaciji predstavljena je metodologija za ispitivanje upotrebljivosti modela dubokih neuronskih mreža u praksi za domen medicinske dijagnostike, kroz ispitivanje prirodne robusnosti modela i njihove korisnosti domenskim ekspertima. Predložena metodologija doprinosi standardizaciji protokola evaluacije kroz konzistentnost i ponovljivost evaluacionih eksperimenata. Evaluacioni protokol metodologije sastoji se iz tri dela. U prvom delu, model se evaluira nad distribucijom podataka dobijenom primenom pojedinačnih sintetičkih transformacija nad obučavajućim podacima. Primenom sintetičkih transformacija modeluju se realne transformacije podataka i sistematično ispituje prirodna robusnost modela. Drugim delom metodologije, evaluira se robusnost modela na složene sintetičke ili realne transformacije podataka. U slučaju sintetičkih transformacija, može se sistematično meriti uticaj kombinacije sintetičkih transformacija na performanse mreže uz ograničenu prenosivost zaključaka na praktičnu primenu i realne transformacije podataka. U slučaju odabira realnih transformacija, mogućnosti sistematičnog ispitivanja robusnosti su ograničene, ali se performanse modela mere nad realnim podacima umesto nad njihovim sintetički dobijenim aproksimacijama. Trećim delom protokola evaluira se upotrebljivost rezultata modela u kliničkim uslovima, gde domenski eksperti koriste rezultate modela u rešavanju klinički značajnog zadatka. Primena metodologije detaljno je demonstrirana na primeru modela dubokog mašinskog učenja za segmentaciju retinalne vaskularizacije sa slika fundusa. Modularnost i opštost metodologije diskutovani su na primeru primene dubokih neuronskih mreža za segmentaciju koronarne arterije sa rendgenskih slika koronarne angiografije.The doctoral dissertation presented a methodology for testing the practical usability of deep neural network models in the domain of medical diagnostics, through testing the natural robustness of the models and their usefulness to domain experts.The proposed methodology contributes to the standardization of evaluation protocols through the consistency and repeatability of evaluation experiments. The evaluation protocol of the methodology consists of three parts. In the first part, the model is evaluated on a data distribution obtained by applying individual synthetic transformations to the training data. In this way, real data transformations are approximated by synthetic transformations to thoroughly test natural robustness of the model. The second part of the methodology evaluates the robustness of the model to complex synthetic or real data transformations. In the case of synthetic transformations, the impact of the combination of synthetic transformations on the model's performance can be systematically measured with limited transferability of conclusions to practical applications and real data transformations. When selecting real transformations, the possibilities for systematic robustness examination are limited, but the model's performance is measured on real data instead of their synthetically obtained approximations. The third part of the protocol evaluates the usability of the model's results in clinical conditions, where domain experts use the model's results in solving a clinically significant task. The application of the methodology is thoroughly demonstrated on deep learning models for segmentation of retinal vasculature from fundus images. The modularity and applicability of the methodology to other medical image domains is discussed through the methodology application for evaluation of deep neural network models for coronary artery segmentation from X-ray coronary angiography images
Characterization of the parameters influential on the ergonomic quality of packaging
Get PDFU disertaciji je izvršena karakterizacija parametara koji utiču na ergonomski kvalitet ambalaže i predstavljena su istraživanja ergonomskog kvaliteta zatvarača ambalaže sa navojem, fokusirajući se na problematiku otvaranja i zatvaranja. Istraživanja uključuju analize subjektivnih procena potrošača, kao i objektivna merenja momenta odvrtanja i zavrtanja. Naglašava se važnost dizajnerskih inovacija, poput optimizacije dimenzija zatvarača i reljefa kontaktne površine. Takođe, istraživanja sugerišu korišćenje tehnika štampe za poboljšanje funkcionalnosti i estetskih karakteristika ambalaže. Cilj rada je doprinos razvoju ambalaže koja kroz poboljšanje ergonomije unapređuje korisničko iskustvo.The dissertation characterizes the parameters that influence the ergonomic quality of packaging and presents research on the ergonomic quality of screw closures, focusing on the issues of opening and closing. The research includes analyses of subjective consumer assessments, as well as objective measurements of the torque required for unscrewing and screwing. The importance of design innovations is emphasized, such as the optimization of closure dimensions and the relief of the contact surface. Additionally, the research suggests the use of printing techniques to improve the functionality and aesthetic characteristics of packaging. The aim of the study is to contribute to the development of packaging that enhances user experience through improved ergonomics
Synthesis, characterization and biological activity of carbon materials obtained from date palm leaves (Phoenix dactylifera L.) and black alder fruit (Alnus glutinosa L.)
No full textПредмет докторске дисертације је синтеза активних угљеничних материјала поузданих и проверених карактеристика, добијених из стабљике листа палме (Phoenix dactylifera L.; P_AC) и плода црне јове (Alnus glutinosa L.; A_AC), као и испитивање њихове биолошке активности. Материјали су синтетисани у контролисаним условима и детаљно окарактерисани применом XRD, FTIR, Raman, FESEM и BET метода. Ради поређења, испитиван је и комерцијални материјал добијен из кокосове љуске (AquaSorb). С циљем процене безбедности материјала по животну средину и здравље људи, анализирани су састав воде након третмана (ICP-OES), цитотоксичност (MTT тест) и генотоксичност (Комет тест). У циљу проналажења примене синтетисани материјали су примењивани на узорцима воде Александровачког језера за уклањање цијанобактерија и цијанотоксина. Део истраживања обухватила је детаљна анализа фитопланктона Aлександровачког језера 2020. и 2021. годне. Детектовано је 15 врста цијанобактерија, међу којим је била доминантна инвазивна врста Raphidiopsis raciborskii.
Резултати су показали да оба материјала (P_AC и A_AC) уклањају скоро 100 % цијанобактерија након 24 h третмана. Због цитотоксичног и генотоксичног потенцијала P_AC, даље истраживање је усмерено на материјал A_AC. Испитано је и формирање биофилма, где је A_AC показао високу ефикасност против Escherichia coli и Enterobacter. Материјал A_AC примењен је и за уклањање микроцистина (MC-RR, MC-LR и MC-YR) из језерске воде у високим концентрацијама. Ради бољег разумевања механизма адсорпције цијанобактерија и цијанотоксина, извршене су FTIR анализе материјала пре и након третмана.
На основу добијених резултата закључује се да је материјал A_AC адекватно решење за уклањање цијанобактерија и цијанотоксина из воде обухваћене цијанобактеријским цветањем.The subject of this doctoral dissertation is the synthesis of activated carbon materials with reliable and verified properties, derived from the stem of the palm leaf (Phoenix dactylifera L.; P_AC) and the black alder cone-like flowers (Alnus glutinosa L.; A_AC), as well as the investigation of their biological activity. The materials were synthesized under controlled conditions and extensively characterized using XRD, FTIR, Raman, FESEM, and BET methods. For comparison, a commercial material derived from coconut shell (AquaSorb) was also examined.
To evaluate the safety of the materials for the environment and human health, water composition after treatment (ICP-OES), cytotoxicity (MTT assay), and genotoxicity (Comet assay) were analyzed. For potential applications, materials were tested on water samples from Aleksandrovac Lake for the removal of cyanobacteria and cyanotoxins. A detailed analysis of the lake’s phytoplankton during 2020 and 2021 detected 15 cyanobacterial species, with the dominant Raphidiopsis raciborskii.
The results showed that both materials (P_AC and A_AC) achieved nearly 100% removal of cyanobacterial cells after 24 hours of treatment. However, due to the cytotoxic and genotoxic potential of P_AC, further research focused on A_AC. Biofilm formation was also investigated, with A_AC demonstrating high efficiency against Escherichia coli and Enterobacter. Additionally, A_AC was applied for the removal of microcystins (MC-RR, MC-LR, and MC-YR) from lake water. FTIR analyses of the material before and after treatment provided insights into the adsorption mechanism of cyanobacteria and cyanotoxins.
The results confirm A_AC's effectiveness in removing cyanobacteria and cyanotoxins from bloom-affected water
Genome analysis of selected Pseudomonas syringae pv. aptata phytopathogenic strains and their biological control mediated by the Tip VI secretion system of Pseudomonas putida
No full textOvaj rad predstavlja prvu studiju koja se bavi detaljnom analizom genoma i sekretoma fitopatogena
Pseudomonas syringae pv. aptata i njihove biokontrole posredstvom Tip VI sekretornog sistema
(T6SS) prirodnih izolata Pseudomonas putida. Posebnim osvrtom na analizu faktora virulencije P.
syringae pv. aptata, pokazane su razlike u repertoaru gena za efektore Tip III sekretornog sistema
(T3SS) između izrazito virulentnog soja P21 u odnosu na slabo virulentni P16. U genomu P21
identifikovani su geni za efektore AvrRpm1, HopAW1 i HopAU1 koji do sada nisu detektovani u P.
syringae pv. aptata. Gajenjem P. syringae pv. aptata u uslovima koji imitiraju uslove u biljnom
apoplastu uočeno je formiranje pila i pojačana sekrecija T3SS proteina. Većinom su efektori
sekretovani u velikim količinama kod slabo virulentnih sojeva, dok su kod umereno i jako virulentnih
prisutni u manjoj meri. P. putida S2/27 predstavlja jednog od najboljih kandidata za biološku kontrolu
P21, inhibirajući rast patogena na kontakt-zavisan način. Za inhibiciju su potencijalno zaslužni i drugi
mehanizmi pored T6SS. U odnosu na S2/27, gajenje u ko-kulturi sa P21 rezultuje smanjenom
ekspresijom hcp1 gena, indikatora aktivnosti T6SS. U in planta testovima pokazano je da folijarna
inokulacija ili tretman rizosfere suspenzijom P. putida S2/27 značajno utiče na redukciju simptoma
izazvanih P21 na šećernoj repi. T6SS utiče na povećanu ekspresiju npr1 i nced gena uključenih u
lokalni imunski odgovor biljke, dok pri sistemskom odgovoru ne dolazi do povećane ekspresije
pomenutih gena. Dobijeni rezultati ukazuju da je patogeni potencijal P. syringae pv. aptata uslovljen
diverzitetom gena i sekretovanih efektora uključenih u virulenciju. P. putida S2/27 poseduje
potencijal za primenu u njihovoj biološkoj kontroli.This study represents the first in-depth analysis of the genomes and secretomes of phytopathogenic
Pseudomonas syringae pv. aptata and their biocontrol mediated by the Type VI secretion system
(T6SS) of Pseudomonas putida. The main focus was an investigation of the virulence factors of P.
syringae pv. aptata, revealing differences in the gene repertoire for the Type III secretion system
(T3SS) effectors between the highly virulent strain P21 and the low-virulent strain P16. In the P21
genome we found genes for AvrRpm1, HopAW1, and HopAU1 effectors, which had not previously
been detected in P. syringae pv. aptata. After incubation of P. syringae pv. aptata in apoplast-like
conditions, the formation of pili and increased secretion of T3SS proteins were observed. Mainly, the
T3SS effectors were highly secreted by the low-virulent strains, contrary to moderate and highly
virulent strains. Among P. putida isolates, S2/27 represents one of the most promising candidates for
biocontrol of P21 in a contact-dependent manner. Potentially, other mechanisms besides T6SS are
involved in the observed inhibition. Compared to S2/27, incubation in co-culture with P21 led to
downregulating the hcp1 gene, which is the indicator of T6SS activity. In planta, foliar or rhizosphere
treatment with P. putida S2/27 suspension resulted in the reduction of symptoms caused by P21 on
sugar beet. T6SS led to the upregulation of npr1 and nced genes in plants' local immune response.
This upregulation wasn’t observed in plants' systemic immune response. Overall, the pathogenic
potential of P. syringae pv. aptata is mediated by the diversity of genes and secreted effectors
involved in virulence. P. putida S2/27 has the potential for application in its biocontro
The effect of a restricted feeding regimen of different duration on behavior and the mTOR signaling pathway in the cortex and hippocampus of aging male and female Wistar rats
No full textStarenje je složen biološki proces praćen postepenim gubitkom fizoloških funkcija i promenama u strukturi i funkciji svih sistema, pa i nervnog. Kao jedna od najefikasnijih intervencija u produženju životnog veka i odlaganju starosno zavisnih promena se pokazala dijetalna restrikcija (DR), definisana kao smanjenje kalorijskog unosa bez pothranjenosti. Međutim, o uticaju koji ima starost organizma i dužina trajanja DR na korisne efekte po kojima je DR poznata, se malo zna.
U ovoj studiji ispitan je uticaj 40% DR različitog trajanja i početka na promene telesne mase, preživljavanje, krhkost, ponašanje, ekspresiju dopaminskih receptora i mTOR signalizaciju kod mužjaka i ženki Wistar pacova. Kod 18-mesečnih ženki, DR je smanjila smrtnost, poboljšala memoriju i smanjila anksiozno ponašanje, bez obzira na to da li je započeta u ranom ili kasnom periodu života, dok je kod starih ženki efekat zavisio od trenutka otpočinjanja DR. Kod mužjaka, DR je povećala preživljavanje i smanjila krhkost, ali nije poboljšala memoriju, dok je anksioznost bila povećana u svim grupama. Ekspresija proteina mTOR signalnog puta se menjala u zavisnosti od pola, starosti organizma i dužune trajanja DR. Rezultati ističu ključnu ulogu pola i vremena otpočinjanja DR. Iako rezultati potvrđuju da je DR moćna strategija za zdravo starenje negativni efekti kasno započete DR naglašavaju važnost definisanja optimalnog vremenskog okvira za uvođenje DR, ukazujući na potrebu za personalizovanim pristupom u u intervencijama za odlaganje starosnih promena.Aging is a complex biological process characterized by a gradual loss of physiological functions accompanied with changes in the structure and function of all systems, including the nervous system. Dietary restriction (DR), defined as a reduction in caloric intake without malnutrition, has proven to be one of the most effective interventions for extending lifespan and delaying age-related changes. However, data are lacking on how the onset and duration of DR, as well as sex, influence its beneficial effects.
This study examined the effects of 40% DR of various duration and onset on body weight, survival, frailty, behavior, dopamine receptor expression, and mTOR signaling in male and female Wistar rats. In 18-month-old females, DR reduced mortality, improved memory, and decreased anxiety-related behavior, regardless of whether it was initiated early or late in life, while the effect in older females depended on the timing of when DR was initiated. In males, DR increased survival and reduced frailty, but did not improve memory, whereas anxiety was heightened in all groups. The expression of proteins in the mTOR signaling pathway varied depending on sex, age, and the duration of DR.
The results highlight the critical roles of sex and the timing of DR initiation. Although the findings confirm that DR is a powerful strategy for healthy aging, the negative effects of late-started DR emphasize the importance of defining an optimal timeframe for implementing DR, indicating the need for a personalized approach in interventions aimed at delaying age-related changes
Epigenetic changes as potential biomarkers in liver diseases induced by chronic hepatitis C virus genotype 1b infection
No full textHronična infekcija virusom hepatitisa C dovodi do fibroze jetre, a potencijalno i do ciroze i hepatocelularnog karcinoma. Prevencija komplikacija bolesti se zasniva na antivirusnoj terapiji i ranoj dijagnozi. Stoga smo analizirali uticaj faktora domaćina i virusa na progresiju bolesti i odgovor na terapiju pegilovanim interferonom/ribavirinom (PEG-IFN/RBV) kod ispitanika sa hroničnom infekcijom virusom hepatitisa C genotipa 1b. Primenom PCR metode specifične za metilaciju (MSP) je ispitivan metilacioni status gena RASSF1A i p16INK4a, polimorfizam rs12979860 gena IL28B je određen esejom TaqMan, dok je automatskim sekvenciranjem analiziran mutacioni status virusnog gena C u uzorcima plazme ispitanika. Pojedinačno gledano, metilacioni status gena RASSF1A i p16INK4a, kao i amino-kiselinske izmene proteina C nisu se pokazali kao značajan biomarker odgovora na terapiju PEG-IFN/RBV i progresije bolesti. Međutim, njihova istovremena analiza sa genotipom gena IL28B je pokazala da je istovremena metilacija gena RASSF1A, odnosno gena p16INK4a i prisustvo genotipa CC gena IL28B povezana sa postizanjem stabilnog virusološkog odgovora (SVO). Takođe je utvrđeno da je istovremeno prisustvo amino-kiselinske izmene na poziciji 75 proteina C i genotipova CT/TT gena IL28B povezano sa izostankom odgovora na terapiju (BO) PEG-IFN/RBV, odnosno da je istovremeno prisustvo amino-kiselinske izmene na poziciji 91 proteina C i genotipa CC gena IL28B povezano sa postizanjem SVO. Dobijeni rezultati sugerišu da kombinovana analiza metilacionog statusa gena RASSF1A i p16INK4a, polimorfizma rs1297860 gena IL28B domaćina i amino-kiselinskih izmena proteina C virusa može pomoći u predviđanju odgovora na kombinovanu terapiju.Chronic hepatitis C virus infection leads to liver fibrosis, and potentially to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Prevention of disease complications is based on antiviral therapy and early diagnosis. Therefore, we analyzed the influence of host and virus factors on disease progression and response to pegylated interferon/ribavirin (PEG-IFN/RBV) therapy in subjects with chronic hepatitis C virus genotype 1b infection. The methylation status of the RASSF1A and p16INK4a genes was investigated using the methylation-specific PCR method (MSP), the rs12979860 polymorphism of the IL28B gene was determined by the TaqMan assay, while the mutational status of the viral C gene in the plasma samples of the subjects was analyzed by automatic sequencing. Individually examined, methylation status of RASSF1A and p16INK4a genes, as well as amino-acid changes of protein C were not significant biomarkers of response to PEG-IFN/RBV therapy and disease progression. However, their simultaneous analysis with IL28B gene genotype showed that concomitant methylation of RASSF1A gene, as well as p16INK4a gene and the presence of IL28B genotype CC associated with sustained virological response (SVR). It was also determined that the simultaneous presence of an amino-acid substitutions at position 75 of protein C and CT/TT genotypes of the IL28B gene is associated with a lack of response to PEG-IFN/RBV therapy, and that the simultaneous presence of an amino-acid substitutions at position 91 of protein C and genotype CC of the IL28B gene associated with achieving SVR. The obtained results suggest that the combined analysis of the methylation status of the RASSF1A and p16INK4a genes, the rs1297860 polymorphism of the IL28B gene and the amino-acid changes of protein C can help predict the response to combined therapy
The consequences of identity politics on the formation and development of political polarization in the countries of South Asia
No full textСтудија испитује ефекте деловања религијских, етничких и језичких политика идентитета на процесе формирања нових и развоја постојећих политичких поларизација у пет држава региона јужне Азије—Индији, Пакистану, Бангладешу, Непалу и Шри Ланки. Испитивање улога политика идентитета у односу према власти, институцијама власти и већинском етосу чини значајну већину постојећих истраживања. Насупрот томе, ово истраживање полази од улоге, утицаја и последица деловања политика идентитета донетих према мањинском религијском, етничкoм и/или језичком идентитету у државама региона јужне Азије. Један од научних циљева овог истраживања јесте и давање већег значаја овом таласу истраживања с обзиром на све већи значај политика идентитета као политичког оружја у рукама власти.
Ово истраживање би требало да одговори на најмање четири важна питања: (1) колики је утицај политичке поларизације на стабилност, функционисање и квалитет политичких институција у региону јужне Азије; (2) у којој мери представници политичких институција у овим државама својим политикама фаворизују одређене друштвене групе насупрот других; (3) да ли је политичка поларизација у овом региону настала и као последица хомогенизовања становништва према религијској, етничкој и/или језичкој припадности и (4) да ли се, посматрано у претходних пет деценија, може очитати тенденција раста или смањења броја политичких поларизација као и политичких актера, циљева и линија расцепа.
При доласку до научних сазнања ради давања одговора на поменута питања, већински ће бити коришћене квалитативне методе међу којима предњаче анализа дискурса, анализа садржаја (докумената) као и компаративна (упоредна) метода. Централно место заузима компаративна метода којом су суочени закључци прибављени на пољима деловања различитих политика идентитета унутар различитих политичких система.
Истраживањем је указано на евидентну крхкост политичких институција у јужној Азији те њихову флексибилну природу када се нађу у рукама различитих властодржаца. Такође, указано је и на разлоге зашто долази до опструкције рада ових институција као и њиховог искоришћавања зарад унижавања друштвеног положаја и значаја мањинских идентитетских заједница. Показано је да је једна од најзначајнијих препрека устоличењу и укорењивању демократије постојање бројних политичких подела насталих управо деловањем три врсте политика идентитета—религијских, етничких и језичких. Указивањем на различите домете ових политика у државама региона јужне Азије, дат је значај како компаративној политици тако и самом пољу истраживања.The study examines the effects of the action of religious, ethnic and linguistic identity politics on the processes of the formation of new and the development of existing political polarizations in five countries of South Asia—India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nepal and Sri Lanka. Examining the role of identity politics in relation towards government, government institutions and the majority ethos, constitutes a significant majority of the research done in this field of research. On the contrary, this research starts from the role, influence and consequences of the identity policies formulated and implemented against the minority religious, ethnic and/or linguistic identity groups in the mentioned societies of South Asia, going side by side with the tendency of the increased number of studies that observe the social power of these policies from a different angle. One of the scientific goals of this research is to give greater importance to this research trend, considering the increasing importance of identity politics as a kind of political weapon in the hands of government structures against minority identity groups or communities.
This research should answer at least four important questions: (1) what is the impact of political polarization on the stability, functioning and quality of political institutions in the countries of South Asia; (2) to what extent the representatives of political institutions in these countries favor certain social groups over others through their actions (policies); (3) whether political polarization in this region arose as a result of the homogenization of the population according to religious, ethnic and/or linguistic affiliation, and (4) whether, observed in the previous five decades, a tendency to increase or decrease in the number of political polarizations can be read as well as the changes in number of political actors, goals and cleavage lines. During the process of collecting the scientific knowledge in order to provide answers to the abovementioned questions, discourse analysis, content analysis and the comparative method were the main methods used. The central place is reserved for the comparative method with which the conclusions obtained in the fields of action of different identity policies within different political systems were confronted.
This research showed the evident fragility of political institutions in South Asia and their flexible nature when they find themselves in the hands of different rulers. The reasons why the work of these institutions is obstructed and exploited, especially through the action of identity politics, as a means of degrading the social position and importance of minority (identity) communities was also explained. As it was concluded, one of the most significant obstacles to the full entrenchment of democracy is the existence of numerous political divisions created precisely by the action of three types of identity politics—religious, ethnic and linguistic. By pointing out the different scopes of these policies in the five countries of the region, the importance of both comparative politics and this field of research was emphasized
University teachers competencies for teaching students with disabilities
No full textU Republici Srbiji se od 2009. godine podstiču mere inkluzivne obrazovne politike koje
omogućavaju obrazovanje osoba sa invaliditetom u redovnom sistemu obrazovanja. Na
univerzitetima je i dalje niska zastupljenost studenata sa invaliditetom, čije obrazovno iskustvo
ostaje nedovoljno istraženo. Istraživanja ukazuju da niska kompetentnost nastavnika
predstavlja jednu od ključnih barijera kvalitetnom obrazovanju ove populacije studenata.
Sprovedeno je kombinovano istraživanje sa ciljem ispitivanja kompetencija
univerzitetskih nastavnika za podučavanje studenata sa invaliditetom, na osnovu procena
nastavnika i samih studenata sa invaliditetom. Istraživanje je obuhvatilo tri segmenta: (1)
procenu relevantnosti kompetencija univerzitetskih nastavnika za podučavanje studenata sa
invaliditetom; (2) procenu razvijenosti kompetencija univerzitetskih nastavnika za
podučavanje studenata sa invaliditetom; (3) mogućnost kreiranja empirijski zasnovanog
modela kompetencija univerzitetskih nastavnika za podučavanje studenata sa invaliditetom.
Analiza odnosa između procena relevantnosti i razvijenosti kompetencija je omogućila
identifikovanje oblasti u kojima je potrebno usavršavanje uiverzitetskih nastavnika. Nalazi
potvrđuju da univerzitetski nastavnici nemaju dovoljno sistematskih prilika za razvoj potrebnih
kompetencija za podučavanje studenata sa invaliditetom, kao i da je potreban holistički,
dugoročno orijentisan pristup profesionalnom razvoju nastavnika, koji bi obuhvatio sve
dimenzije kompetentnosti i time unapredio inkluzivno univerzitetsko obrazovanje. Na osnovu
rezultata, ponuđene su preporuke za osmišljavanje obrazovnih programa usmerenih na razvoj
kompetencija univerzitetskih nastavnika za podučavanje studenata sa invaliditetom.Since 2009, the Republic of Serbia has been promoting inclusive education policies that
enable persons with disabilities to be educated within the regular education system. At
universities, the representation of students with disabilities remains low, and their educational
experience is still insufficiently explored. Research indicates that the low level of teacher
competence is one of the key barriers to providing quality education for this group of students.
A mixed-method study was conducted to examine university teachers’ competencies
for teaching students with disabilities, based on assessments made by both teachers and the
students with disabilities themselves. The research covered three segments: (1) assessing the
relevance of university teachers’ competencies for teaching students with disabilities; (2)
assessing the development level of university teachers’ competencies for teaching students with
disabilities; and (3) the possibility of creating an empirically based model of university
teachers’ competencies for teaching students with disabilities.
The analysis of the relationship between the perceived relevance and the development
of competencies enabled the identification of areas in which university teachers require further
training. The findings confirm that university teachers lack sufficient systematic opportunities
to develop the necessary competencies for teaching students with disabilities, and highlight the
need for a holistic, long-term approach to professional development that encompasses all
dimensions of competence, thereby improving inclusive higher education. Based on the results,
recommendations were proposed for designing educational programs aimed at developing
university teachers’ competencies for teaching students with disabilities