International Journal of Developmental and Educational Psychology (Revista INFAD de Psicología)
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La religiosidad como fortaleza humana
Get PDFMultiple investigations show that religiosity is a factor of physical and psychological health. A review of these studies is presented and the results are interpreted. Religious people have less depression, anxiety, stress, suicide, and less unhealthy habits such as alcohol and other psychoactive substances. Religious people have lower rates of morbidity and mortality, presenting better and faster recoveries in physical diseases (such as cardiac surgery or hip surgery), in addictions (alcohol and other substances), or in post-traumatic stress. These evidences can be related to different psychological strengths that religiosity promotes, in a special way with forgiveness, gratitude, spirituality, justice, hope, humanity and the strengthening of interpersonal relationships.Múltiples investigaciones demuestran que la religiosidad es un factor de la salud física y psicológica. Se presenta una revisión dichos estudios y se interpretan los resultados. Las personas religiosas presentan menos depresión, ansiedad, estrés, suicidio, y menores hábitos no saludables como el consumo de alcohol y de otras sustancias psicoactivas. Las personas religiosas presentan menores tasas de morbilidad y mortalidad, presentando mejores y más rápidas recuperaciones en enfermedades físicas (tales como cirugía cardiaca o intervenciones de cadera), en adicciones (alcohol y otras sustancias), o en estrés postraumático. Estas evidencias se pueden relacionan con diferentes fortalezas psicológicas que la religiosidad promueve, de forma especial con el perdón, la gratitud, la espiritualidad, la justicia, la esperanza, la humanidad y el fortalecimiento de relaciones interpersonales
Deficiencia visual cerebral. ¿Cuánto y cómo ve mi hijo?
Get PDFCerebral visual impairment, CVI, is the main cause of visual disability in childhood. Children with CVI have a brain injury or malformation that causes the dysfunction of the optical radiation and / or visual cortex, although the ocular system may also be affected. The alteration of the channels and / or the centers of interpretation of the visual information produce a series of specific visual behaviors, apparently changing and contradictory, difficult to understand. The parents of these children need more than information. Family members are often disoriented because they do not know how they can best help their children, and too often they receive contradictory instructions. It is necessary to make them understand that the brain injury is the cause of the atypical and sometimes disconcerting visual behaviors, and that in many occasions these behaviors have their explanation. A multidisciplinary team of the Educational Resources Center of the ONCE in Madrid (Ophthalmologist, Psychologist, Rehabilitation Technician and Teacher), decided to carry out a conference during the 2017/18 academic year so that the parents of these students know the differential characteristics of visual impairment cerebral, with special attention to its functional repercussions, with the aim of trying to understand better the visual behaviors of their children and the practices that can help improve their visual efficiency. This course has repeated the experience and has been extended with specific days for professionals of the Education of the Community of Madrid, proving the necessary of this training to have received more than a hundred inscriptions.La deficiencia visual cerebral, CVI, es la principal causa de discapacidad visual en la infancia. Los niños con CVI presentan una lesión cerebral o malformación que causa la disfunción de las radiaciones ópticas y/o corteza visual, aunque también puede estar afectado el sistema ocular. La alteración de los canales y/o los centros de interpretación de la información visual producen una serie de comportamientos visuales específicos, aparentemente cambiantes y contradictorios, difíciles de comprender. Los padres de estos niños necesitan algo más que información. Con frecuencia los familiares se encuentran desorientados al no saber cómo pueden ayudar mejor a sus hijos, y en demasiadas ocasiones reciben instrucciones contradictorias. Es necesario hacerles entender que la lesión cerebral es la causante de las conductas visuales atípicas y a veces desconcertantes, y que en muchas ocasiones esos comportamientos tienen su explicación. Un equipo multidisciplinar del Centro de Recursos Educativos de la ONCE en Madrid (Oftalmólogo, Psicólogo, Técnico de Rehabilitación y Maestro), decidió realizar durante el curso 2017/18 una jornadas para que los padres de estos alumnos conozcan las características diferenciales de la deficiencia visual cerebral, con especial atención a sus repercusiones funcionales, con el objetivo de intentar que entiendan mejor los comportamientos visuales de sus hijos y las prácticas que pueden ayudar a mejorar su eficiencia visual. Este curso se ha repetido la experiencia y, se ha ampliado con unas jornadas específicas para profesionales de la Educación de la Comunidad de Madrid, comprobándose lo necesario de esta formación al haberse recibido más de un centenar de inscripciones
A virgindade nos adolescentes: perspetiva dos enfermeiros portugueses dos CSP
Get PDFIs a period of metamorphoses, which impels young people to make their own decisions. At puberty, the organism is taken over by biological transformations and sexual impulses. The approach to the group and estrangement of the family, assume a decisive importance in the scope of the sexuality. The transformations, divergences and contradictions that arise in adolescence are understood as a source of health problems where the onset of sexual relations, each day more precocious, assume a decisive role. It is intended to identify the opinion of Portuguese nurses in primary health care about the social connotation of virginity in girls and boys. Quantitative methodology, descriptive-correlational and cross-sectional study. Data collection by questionnaire. There were 1735 nurses from 226 health centers in mainland Portugal, Madeira and the Azores. Nurses under the age of 38, graduates with no teenage children, no specific training to deal with adolescents and sexuality associate virginity at age 20 in the boy and girl, waiting for the right moment and love and lack ofopportunities. Respondents aged 38 or over with a specialty or master’s degree with adolescent children, adolescent-specific training and sexuality associate virginity in the boy and girl at the age of 20, lack of information about sexuality or life choices. Of the nurses 76.8% consider that socially virginity does not have the same social connotation for boys and girls. Overall, 43.5% of nurses consider virginity a life option. Of the nurses 42.2% consider that the girls expect more than the boys for the right moment and love. For female nurses (p smaller than 0.05), the girl’s virginity at age 20 is purity, life choice.A adolescência e um período de metamorfoses, que impelem o jovem a assumir as suas próprias decisões. Na puberdade, o organismo é tomado pelas transformações biológicas e impulsos sexuais, o “espaço” pessoal altera-se procurando ajustar-se. A aproximação ao grupo e afastamento da família, assumem uma importância decisiva no âmbito da sexualidade. As transformações, divergências e contradições que pululam na adolescência são entendidas como fonte de problemas de saúde onde o início de relações sexuais, cada dia mais precoces, assumem papel decisivo. Identificar a opinião dos enfermeiros portugueses dos CSP sobre o significado da virgindade na rapariga e rapaz aos 20 anos. Quantitativa, estudo descritivo-correlacional e transversal. Colheita de dados por questionário. Opinaram 1735 enfermeiros de 226 centros de saúde de Portugal continental, Madeira e Açores. Os enfermeiros menores de 38 anos, licenciados, sem filhos adolescentes, sem formação específica para lidar com adolescentes e sobre sexualidade associam a virgindade aos 20 anos no rapaz e rapariga, à espera pelo momento e amor certos e falta de oportunidades. Os enfermeiros com 38 ou mais anos, com especialidade ou mestrado, com filhos adolescentes, formação específica para lidar com adolescentes e sobre sexualidade associam a virgindade no rapaz e na rapariga aos 20 anos, à falta de informação sobre sexualidade ou opção de vida. Dos enfermeiros 76,8% considera que socialmente a virgindade não tem a mesma conotação social para rapazes e raparigas. No geral 43,5% dos enfermeiros consideram a virgindade uma opção de vida. Dos enfermeiros 42,2% consideram que as raparigas esperam mais que os rapazes pelo momento e amor certos. Para os enfermeiros do sexo feminino (p menor que 0,05), a virgindade da rapariga aos 20 anos, é pureza, opção de vida
Personalidad y metas de rendimiento en escolares de primaria
Get PDFThere are a large majority of studies that relate goals to learning factors, including performance. Another group of research seeks how certain personal factors determine a type of goal. With regard to personal factors, authors such as Harackiewicz, Barron, Tauer, Carter and Elliot (2000) argue that the goals that students maintain depend on personal variables, considering them as stable and dispositional constructs. As an objective, we have considered studying the relationship between performance goals (performance goals, or goals centered on the self) and the different personality traits in primary education students. This research involved 550 students of 5th and 6th grade of Primary Education. The mean age was 10.73 years (SD = .632, range 10-12); 47.5% female and 52.5% male. The “Performance Goals” factor of the Achievement Goal Questionnaire (Hayamizu and Weiner, 1991) and the BFQ-NA Personality Questionnaire (Del Barrio, Carrasco, and Holgado, 2006) have been used. The ANOVA shows that subjects with high performance goals achieve higher scores (p smaller than 0.005) than those with low scores in all factors except for the emotional instability factor, in which subjects with low performance goals obtain scores (p = 0.037) greater. The results obtained show a clear associationMbetween the performance goals of primary education students and the different personality factors. In this way, those children with high performance goals, their personality would be characterized by greater autonomy, perseverance, commitment, creativity, enthusiasm, self-confidence, sociability, enthusiasm or prosociability and less neuroticism and anxiety. These results coincide partially with other studies that find correlations between performance goals and awareness (Chen and Zhang, 2011; McCabe, Van Yperen, Elliot, and Verbraak, 2013)Existe una gran mayoría de estudios que relacionan las metas con factores de aprendizaje,incluido el rendimiento. Otro grupo de investigaciones buscan cómo determinados factores personales determinan un tipo de meta. Con relación a los factores personales, autores como Harackiewicz, Barron, Tauer, Carter y Elliot (2000) sostienen que las metas que mantienen los alumnos dependen de variables personales, al considerar éstas como constructos estables y de orden disposicional. Como objetivo, nos hemos planteado estudiar las relaciones entre las metas de rendimiento (metas de ejecución, o metas centradas en el yo) y los diferentes rasgos de personalidad en escolares de primaria. En este trabajo de investigación participan 550 alumnos de 5º y 6º de Educación Primaria. La edad media fue de 10.73 años (SD= .632; rango 10-12); 47.5% mujeres y el 52.5% de varones. Se han utilizado el factor “Metas de Rendimiento” del Cuestionario de Metas Académicas, CMA (Hayamizu y Weiner, 1991) y el Cuestionario de personalidad BFQ-NA (Del Barrio, Carrasco y Holgado, 2006). El ANOVA muestra que los sujetos con altas metas de rendimiento, logran puntuaciones mayores (p menor que 0.005) que aquellos con baja en todos los factores a excepción del factor inestabilidad emocional, en el que son los sujetos con bajas metas de rendimiento los que obtienen puntuaciones (p = 0.037) mayores. Los resultados obtenidos muestran una clara asociación entre las metas de rendimiento de los niños de primaria y los diferentes factores de la personalidad. De este modo aquellos niños con elevadas metas de rendimiento, su personalidad se caracterizaría por una mayor autonomía, perseverancia, compromiso, creatividad, entusiasmo, autoconfianza, sociabilidad, entusiasmo o prosociabilidad y un menor neuroticismo y ansiedad. Estos resultados coinciden parcialmente con otras investigaciones que encuentran correlaciones entre las metas de rendimiento y la conciencia (Chen y Zhang, 2011; McCabe, Van Yperen, Elliot y Verbraak,2013)
Aceptación e influencia social entre iguales en niños y niñas de educación primaria. Repercusiones de las habilidades lingüísticas y de persuasión
Get PDFPersuasion is a speech act that consists in using language to get the persuaded to adopt a belief or attitude that leads him to perform some action, for his own benefit (selfish persuasion) or the persuaded (prosocial). Thus, persuasive skills place children in different positions of acceptance and social influence among peers. Objetives. Analyze the prosocial and selfish persuasive ability (variety, quality and valence of the arguments) in primary school children; and its relationship with linguistic competence and acceptance and social influence among peers. Method. A sociometric questionnaire, the PPVT-III test and two tasks of persuasive production (selfish and prosocial) were administered to 103 children aged 6 to 12 years. Results. Linguistic competence favors the quality of persuasive arguments (not their variety or valence), both in prosocial and selfish persuasion; and the ability to selfishly convince others to do something is related to greater acceptance and social influence. Conclusions. The results provide clues to the design of educational activities through which school children experience the effects of prosocial persuasion, to be included in education plans for coexistence.La persuasión es un acto del habla que consiste en utilizar el lenguaje para conseguir que el persuadido adopte una creencia o actitud que le conduzcan a realizar alguna acción, en beneficio propio (persuasión egoísta) o del persuadido (prosocial). Así, las habilidades persuasivas sitúan a los niños en distintas posiciones de aceptación e influencia social entre iguales. Objetivos. Analizar la habilidad persuasiva (variedad, calidad y valencia de los argumentos), prosocial y egoísta, en niño/as de Educación Primaria; y su relación con la competencia lingüística y la aceptación e influencia social entre iguales. Método. Se administró a 103 niños/as de 6 a 12 años un cuestionario sociométrico, el test PPVT-III y dos tareas de producción persuasiva (egoísta y prosocial). Resultados. La competencia lingüística favorece la calidad de los argumentos persuasivos (no así su variedad ni valencia), tanto en persuasión prosocial como egoísta, y la habilidad de convencer egoístamente a otros para que hagan algo en beneficio propio está relacionada con una mayor aceptación e influencia social. Conclusiones. Los resultados aportan claves para el diseño de actividades educativas mediante las que los escolares experimenten los efectos de la persuasión prosocial, a incluir en los planes de educación para la convivencia
Sentido de coherencia y fobia social: un estudio descriptivo
Get PDFThe sense of coherence is a variable that encompasses the following dimensions: Comprehensibility (it is possible to understand what happens); Manageability (resources needed to solve problems are available to the person); and Significance (experience that the challenges deserve the efforts). People with a high SOC show a lower presence of psychosomatic symptomatology, depressive symptoms (Flannery and Flannery, 1990), lower indicators of psychopathology and fewer mental health problems (Terja, et al., 2006). Objective. The study was aimed at knowing in a descriptive way the variable “sense of coherence” in 20 people diagnosed with social phobia of a USMC. Method. The design of the research was of a descriptive type in which it was intended to know the scores of the variable “sense of coherence” evaluated through the SOC-13 questionnaire of Antonovsky, in a sample of 20 people with mild levels of depression (measured by Beck’s BDI-II) and diagnosis of social phobia. The fear of negative evaluation was measured through the FNE Results. The people in the study show low levels in the sense of coherence, being the range of possible scores of 13 to 91 points, they obtained an average of 19.78. Conclusions. The results confirm the conclusions of the different studies previously analyzed, being able to observe how lower scores of “sense of coherence” are found in people with psychopathological symptoms (Flannery and Flannery, 1990), and more specifically in social anxiety (Burguillos, 2014). There was a negative relationship between the SOC and the fear of negative evaluation.Therefore, it is necessary to implement psychotherapeutic tools based on this salutogenic construct as a means of protecting mental health.Antecedentes. El sentido de coherencia es una variable que engloba las siguientes dimensiones: Comprensibilidad (es posible comprender lo que sucede); Manejabilidad (recursos necesarios para solucionar los problemas están a disposición de la persona); y Significatividad (experiencia de que los retos se merecen los esfuerzos). Las personas con un alto SOC muestran menor presencia de sintomatología psicosomática, de síntomas depresivos (Flannery y Flannery, 1990), menores indicadores de psicopatología y menores problemas de salud mental (Terja, et al., 2006). Objetivos. El estudio se dirigió a conocer de modo descriptivo la variable “sentido de coherencia” en 20 personas con diagnóstico de fobia social de una USMC. Método. El diseño de la investigación fue de tipo descriptivo en el que se pretendían conocer las puntuaciones de la variable “sentido de coherencia” evaluado a través del cuestionario SOC-13 de Antonovsky, en una muestra de 20 personas con niveles leves de depresión (medido mediante el BDI-II de Beck) y diagnóstico de fobia social. Se midió a través del FNE el temor a la evaluación negativa. Resultados. Las personas del estudio muestran niveles bajos en Sentido de Coherencia, siendo el rango de puntuaciones posibles de 13 a 91 puntos, obtuvieron una media de 19,78. Conclusiones. Los resultados confirman las conclusiones arrojadas por los diferentes estudios previamente analizados, pudiendo observar cómo se encuentran puntuaciones inferiores de “sentido de coherencia” en personas con síntomas psicopatológicos (Flannery y Flannery, 1990), y más concretamente en ansiedad social (Burguillos, 2014). Hubo una relación negativa entre el SOC y el temor a la evaluación negativa. Por ello, se hace necesario poner en práctica herramientas psicoterapéuticas basadas en este constructo salutogénico como medio de proteger la salud mental
Validación de un instrumento de evaluación del comportamiento sexual de personas con discapacidad intelectual para padres (ECS-PA)
Get PDFThe recent normalization of sexuality and sexual rights among people with Intellectual Disability (ID) has led to an increase in the number of initiatives aimed at improving their knowledge and skills through sexual-affective education programs, but these programs require evaluation instruments reliable to identify their needs and may be sensitive to change after the intervention. In this assessment their perceptions must converge, those of the professionals who deal with them and those of their parents to ensure the veracity of the information obtained, but unfortunately we lack valid and reliable psychometric instruments, both self-reported, because in many cases they lack of verbal skills sufficient to express their desires and experiences, as heteroinformed, since the existing ones are fundamentally focused on the study of attitudes towards sexuality of this group. The objective of this work has been to construct and validate a questionnaire to obtain information from parents about the sexuality of people with mild or moderate ID. The instrument consisting of 32 items with different response formats was administered to 118 parents of adults with ID. The Exploratory Factor Analysis and de Confirmatory Factor Analysis offers a structure composed by 3 factors: (F1) Comprehension of the privacy and social rules (13 items), (F2) perception of knowledge about sexuality that your child has (10 items) and (F3) concern for inappropriate sexual behavior (9 items). The model obtained with these four factors presents a good adjustment as shown by the main indicators (Chi2 S-B/df = 1.14, RMSEA = 0.035, CFI = 0.910 y TLI = 0.902). The ECS-PA is shown as an instrument that allows obtaining valid and reliable information about the sexuality of people with mild or moderate ID.La reciente normalización de la sexualidad y de los derechos sexuales entre las personas conDiscapacidad Intelectual (DI) ha hecho que se incremente el número de iniciativas dirigidas a mejorar sus conocimientos y habilidades mediante programas de educación afectivo-sexual pero dichos programas requieren instrumentos de evaluación fiables que permitan identificar sus necesidades y puedan ser sensibles al cambio tras la intervención. En dicha valoración deben confluir sus percepciones, las de los profesionales que se ocupan de ellos y las de sus padres para asegurar la veracidad de la información obtenida, pero lamentablemente carecemos de instrumentos psicométricos válidos y fiables tanto autoinformados, debido a que en muchos casos carecen de habilidades verbales suficientes para expresar sus deseos y vivencias, como heteroinformados, pues los existentes se centran fundamentalmente en el estudio de las actitudes hacia la sexualidad de este colectivo. El objetivo de este trabajo ha sido construir y validar un cuestionario para obtener información de los padres acerca de la sexualidad de las personas con DI leve o moderada. El instrumento fue administrado a 118 padres de personas adultas con DI. Se realizó un Análisis Factorial Exploratorio seguido de un Análisis Factorial Confirmatorio que ofreció una estructura compuesta de 3 factores: (F1) Comprensión de la privacidad y normas sociales (13 ítems), (F2) percepción de los conocimientos sobre sexualidad que tiene su hijo/a (10 ítems), y (F3) preocupación por un comportamiento sexual inadecuado (9 ítems). El modelo obtenido con estos tres factores presenta un buen ajuste como muestran los principales indicadores (Chi2 S-B/df = 1,14, RMSEA = 0,035, CFI = 0,910 y TLI = 0,902). El ECS-PA se muestra como un instrumento que permite obtener información válida y fiable sobre la sexualidad de las personas con DI leve o moderada.
La cultura emprendedora percibida y deseada en el aula por los alumnos de educación secundaria.
Get PDFThe results obtained by the application of the instruments presented in the first communicationof this symposium are presented. The student sample consisted of 2308 participants from 18educational centers. 73.6% of the students (1698 students) belonged to public institutes, 23.5%(542 students) to concerted centers, and 2.9% (68 students) to private centers. Of these students1101 were men (47.7%) and 1203 women (52.1%), finding 4 people without indicating theirgender (0.2%), 16.5% of 1º ESO; 14.4% of 2º ESO; 13% of 3º ESO; 20.4% of 4ºESO; 21.9% of 1stHigh School; and 13.7% of 2nd High School.The age of the students varies from 10 to 18 years, being the average 14.84 and the standarddeviation 1.77. With respect to the place of origin, the sample consisted of 1922 students fromAsturias (83.3%), 372 from Castilla y León (16.1%) and 14 from Cantabria (0.6%).The assessment of the perceived entrepreneurial culture in the classroom by students is basedon average scores both in their overall assessment and in relation to the purpose of education,teaching processes, learning processes and educational setting.The assessment of the desired entrepreneurial culture in the classrooms by students is superiorto that perceived, both globally and in relation to the purpose of education, teaching processes,learning processes and educational setting.Differences detected between the perceived and desired culture in the classrooms are significant. These results reveal that students perceive in their centers some teaching performances closed to cognitive and humanistic paradigms, they bet for it when indicating desires of improvement in these performances, and these desires are upwards and statistically significant with respect to the ones perceivedSe presentan los resultados obtenidos tras la aplicación de los instrumentos expuestos en lacomunicación primera de este simposio.La muestra de estudiantes estuvo formada por 2308 participantes de 18 centros educativos. El 73.6% de los discentes (1698 estudiantes) pertenecían a institutos públicos, el 23.5% (542 estudiantes) a centros concertados, y el 2.9% (68 estudiantes) a centros privados. De estos, 1101 eran hombres (47.7%) y 1203 mujeres (52.1%), encontrándose 4 personas sin indicar su género (0.2%), El 16.5% de 1º ESO; el 14.4% de 2º ESO; el 13% de 3º ESO; el 20.4% de 4ºESO; 21.9% de 1º Bachillerato; y el 13.7% de 2º Bachillerato. La edad del alumnado fluctúa de 10 a 18 años, siendo la media 14.84 y la desviación típica 1.77. En cuanto a la procedencia, la muestra estuvo formada por 1922 estudiantes de Asturias (83.3%), 372 de Castilla y León (16.1%) y 14 de Cantabria (0.6%),La valoración de la cultura emprendedora percibida en las aulas por parte de los alumnos sesitúa en torno a puntuaciones medias tanto en su valoración global como en relación a la finalidad de la educación, procesos de enseñanza, procesos de aprendizaje y escenario educativo. La valoración de la cultura emprendedora deseada en las aulas por parte del alumnado es superior a la percibida, tanto de forma global como en relación a la finalidad de la educación, procesos de enseñanza, procesos de aprendizaje y escenario educativo. Las diferencias detectadas entre la cultura percibida y la cultura deseada en las aulas son significativas. Estos resultados revelan que los alumnos perciben en sus centros unos desempeños docentes en torno a los paradigmas cognitivos y humanísticos y que apuestan por ello al indicar deseos de mejora en estos desempeños, y estos deseos son al alza y estadísticamente significativos respecto a los percibidos
Influência das características obstétricas e maternas na prevalência do aleitamento materno
Get PDFAlthough the advantages of breastfeeding are well known, their maintenance is still farfrom recommended, influenced by psychological, biological, social and cultural factors. Objectives: To determine if sociodemographic and obstetric characteristics influence the prevalence of breastfeeding. Methods: A quantitative, cross - sectional, descriptive and correlational study with a sample of 1102 women from mainland Portugal, with a mean age of 32 years (± 5.87). The data collection protocol is the questionnaire that allows sociodemographic and pregnancy characterization.Results: Maternal age appears as a determinant variable in prevalence at 6 and 24 months. Marital status shows significant differences in women who breastfeed at 24 months and have a partner. Schooling has been shown to be a determinant variable in breastfeeding at 6 and 24 months. Regarding pregnancy monitoring and the number of consultations performed, there are statistically significant differences in the prevalence of breastfeeding at six months. As well as the fact that the delivery is eutocic. On the other hand, there were no significant differences in the frequency of prep classes and the prevalence of breastfeeding at 6 and 24 months. Conclusions: Because there is a multiplicity of factors that influence the motivation, practice and maintenance of breastfeeding, we recommend programs that promote maintenance. There should also be support from health professionals to help overcome the difficulties encountered, preventing the early cessation of breastfeeding.Enquadramento: Apesar de conhecidas as vantagens do aleitamento materno, a sua manutenção ainda está longe da recomendada, sofrendo influência de fatores psicológicos, biológicos, sociais e culturais. Objetivos: Determinar se as características sociodemográficas e obstétricas influenciam a prevalência do aleitamento materno. Métodos: Estudo quantitativo, transversal, descritivo e correlacional, com uma amostra de 1102 mulheres de Portugal Continental, com idade média de 32 anos (±5.87). O protocolo de colheita de dados é o questionário que permite a caracterização sociodemográfica e da gravidez. Resultados: A idade materna surge como uma variável determinante na prevalência aos 6 e 24 meses. O estado civil apresenta diferenças significativas nas mulheres que amamentam aos 24 meses e têm companheiro. A escolaridade demonstrou ser uma variável determinante na amamentação aos 6 e 24 meses. Relativamente à vigilância da gravidez e ao número de consultas realizadas, verificam-se diferenças estatisticamente significativas na prevalência da amamentação aos seis meses. Assim como o fato de o parto ser eutócico. Por outo lado, não se observaram diferenças significativas na frequência de aulas de preparação para o parto e a prevalência da amamentação aos 6 e 24 meses. Conclusões: Como existe uma multiplicidade de fatores que influência a motivação, a prática e manutenção do aleitamento materno, recomendamos programas que promovam a manutenção. Deve ainda existir apoio dos profissionais de saúde para ajudar a superar as dificuldades encontradas, prevenindo o abandono precoce do aleitamento materno
Impacto de um programa de exercício físico na aptidão física de seniores portugueses
Get PDFIntroduction: The importance of regular practice of physical exercise in the elderly has been recognized by the clinical and scientific community, mainly due to the benefits that this entails in the physical, mental and well-being indexes of the elderly adult. In this context, the main objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of a structured physical exercise program on the physical fitness of Portuguese seniors.Methods: a quantitative, longitudinal profile study using a non-probabilistic sample, for convenience, composed of 133 seniors, mostly female (71.4%) and with a mean age of 66.26 years (Dp= 5.63). The physical exercise program, carried out by sports professionals, lasted five months in 2018, and the participants were evaluated at two different moments (before and after the program), with anthropometric and as well as data on the physical and mental health dimension through the questionnaire Older Americans Resources and Services Program (OARS)Results: after the implementation of the program, there was a significant improvement in (a): abdominal perimeter (decreased, in average terms, from 95.84 to 93.57, p = 0.000); body mass index (decreased from 29.43 to 29.08, p = 0.000); glycemic index (decreased from 123.08 to 113.62, p = 0.003); systolic blood pressure (decreased from 126.15 to 121.59, p = 0.000); diastolic blood pressure (from 66.92 to 64.27, p = 0.00); heart rate (increased from 67.29 to 68.49, p = 0.032); (increased from 96.03 to 97.36, p = 0.002), and physical health (increased from 45.73 to 47.21, p = 0.001). At the level of mental health, there were no significant fluctuations in the results (26.96 vs 27.00).Conclusion: The evidence suggests that strategies and partnerships to promote the health ofseniors continue to be developed in order to contribute to the increase of their physical fitness and thus to a better quality of life. Of course, networking by leveraging a multidisciplinary intervention will assume an elementary role to play.Introdução: a importância da prática regular de exercício físico na idade sénior tem sido reconhecida pela comunidade clínica e científica, sobretudo pelos benefícios que esta acarreta nos índices de saúde física, mental e bem-estar do adulto idoso. Neste contexto, o objetivo principal deste estudo centralizou-se em avaliar o impacto de um programa estruturado de exercício físico ao nível da aptidão física de seniores portugueses.Métodos: estudo de natureza quantitativa, de perfil longitudinal, com recurso a uma amostranão probabilística, por conveniência, composta por 133 seniores, na sua maioria do sexo feminino (71,4%) e com uma média de idades de 66,26 anos (Dp= 5,63). O programa de exercício físico, levado a efeito por profissionais da área do desporto, teve a duração de cinco meses no ano de 2018, tendo os participantes sido avaliados em dois momentos distintos (antes e depois do programa), com mensuração de indicadores antropométricos e clínicos, bem como dados relativos à dimensão saúde física e mental através do questionário Older Americans Resources and Services Program (OARS)Resultados: após implementação do programa evidenciou-se uma melhoria significativa a nível do(a): perímetro abdominal (diminuiu, em termos médios, de 95,84 para 93,57, p=0,000); índice de massa corporal (diminuiu de 29,43 para 29,08, p=0,000); índice glicémico (diminuiu de 123,08 para 113,62, p=0,003); tensão arterial sistólica (diminuí de 126,15 para 121,59, p=0,000); tensão arterial diastólica (de 66,92 para 64,27, p=0,00); frequência cardíaca (aumentou de 67,29 para 68,49, p=0,032); saturação de oxigénio (aumentou de 96,03 para 97,36, p=0,002), e saúde física (aumentou de 45,73 para 47,21, p=0,001). Já ao nível da saúde mental não se evidenciaram oscilações significativas nos resultados (26,96 vs 27,00). Conclusão: as evidências encontradas sugerem que se continue a desenvolver estratégias e parcerias com vista à promoção da saúde dos seniores, por forma a contribuir para o aumento da sua aptidão física e daí se reverter em melhor qualidade de vida. Naturalmente, o trabalho em rede potenciando uma intervenção multidisciplinar assumirá um elementar papel a desenvolver.