International Journal of Developmental and Educational Psychology (Revista INFAD de Psicología)
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Robot de asistencia social como herramienta eficaz en el cuidado de personas mayores con demencia. Revisión sistemática
Get PDFBackground: The current process of population ageing is provoking a dramatic increase in the prevalence of Alzheimer s disease and other dementias.Sociallyassistiverobots may help patients both physicallyand socially. Theyare platforms with audio,visual, movementand intervention capacities which contributeto improve users’ dailyactivities,enhancing theirattention span as well as their feelings of personal autonomy and well-being. At the same time, they mitigate caregivers’ excessive burden and stress.Objetive: To get to know the intervention of socially assistive robots in the care of the elderly suffering from dementia, the support they may provide to their caregivers and their contribution to our health system. Methods: A systematicrevision has been carried out through thesearch of different databases, looking forarticles published in English along the last decade and including different investigation designs in which socially assistive robots are related to the care of elderly with dementia. Results: Out of 160 articles, only 12 related socially assistive robots to thecare ofelderly with dementia; and 8 of them were clinical trials showing positive results in the use of robotics, improving patients stimuli, communication, state of mind and caring conditions. The socially assistive robot tested more in depth was Paro. Elderly people accept the use of robotics in their caring, although it s caregivers who really see socially assistive robots as an effective tool for elderly care. Conclusion: Many possitive results were found in favor of using socially assistive robots in the caring of patients with dementia. However, it’s difficult to applytheseresultsto the general population since differentstudies measureresults using differentscales and applying different qualitative values, all of which result in subjectivity.Antecedentes: El auge del envejecimiento demográfico está aumentando drásticamente la prevalencia de la enfermedad del Alzheimer y otras demencias. Los robots de asistencia social pueden ayudar a las personas físicamente y/o socialmente. Son plataformas con capacidades de audio, visuales, movimiento e intervenciones que contribuyen a mejorar la calidad del usuario en las actividades diarias, mejorando su atención, además de fomentar los sentimientos de independencia y bienestar. Disminuyen en el cuidador la sobrecarga y el estrés.Objetivo: Conocer la intervención de los robots de asistencia social en el cuidado de los ancianos con demencia, el apoyo que pueden ofrecer a sus cuidadores y la aportación al ámbito sanitario. Material y método: Se ha llevado a cabo una revisión sistemática, localizando en diferentes bases de datos artículos publicados en los últimos diez años en lengua inglesa, incluyendo diferentes diseños de investigación en los que se relacionaran los robots de asistencia social y el cuidado de ancianos con demencia. Resultados: Se encontraron 160 artículos, sólo 12 relacionaban los robots deasistencia social con el cuidado de ancianos con demencia. De los cuales, 6 eran ensayos clínicos con resultados positivos en cuanto a la utilización de la robótica, mejorando los estímulos, comunicación, estado de ánimo del paciente y su cuidado. El robot de asistencia social más investigado fue Paro. Las personas mayores admiten el uso de la robótica en su cuidado, sin embargo, son los cuidadores principales quienes ven al robot de asistencia social como herramienta eficaz en el cuidado de las personas mayores. Conclusión: Se encontraron muchos resultados positivos para el uso de robots de asistencia social en pacientes con demencia. Es difícil extrapolar el uso de estos dispositivos a la población general, debido a que los estudios miden sus resultados con diferentes escalas, dando valores cualitativos diferentes y mostrando subjetividad
Qualidade do sono em pacientes insulinodependentes
Get PDFIntroduction: Diabetes Mellitus is a chronic disease that may be of acquired cause or congenital, which is characterized by an inability or deficiency of the body to produce insulin in sufficient quantities. Sleep disorders with type 2 diabetes constitutes risk factors that can aggravate the pathology. This happens through the insulin resistance witch interferes with the metabolic control.During sleep, in health individuals, there is a balance between insulin secretion and glucose, however in diabetics, the balance is compromised by the occurrence of hypoglycemia. Objective: To assess the impact of sleep loss on therisk of worsening diabetesin insulin-dependent patientsand to addresstherelationship between sleep quality as an influencing factor in glucose control. Materials and Methods: This study is a cross-sectional observational study and was carried out from September 2016 to June 2018. The population of this study is made up of 200 individuals and the sample was collected at Guarda Hospital and Trancoso Health Care, whose average ages is 64,80 ± 13,670 years. Results: 31% of the individuals use medication to sleep better. The mean daily insulin dose is 47,14 IU. The female gender had a higher incidence of sleep disturbances (47,5%), a high risk of OSAS (47,5%) and a higher percentage of restless legs (16,8%) compared to the male gender. The daily amount of insulin isrelated to BMI (p=0,025)and therisk of developing DM. Discussion/Conclusion: Given theresults obtained, we can conclude that both the daily amount of insulin and BMI have an important role in sleep quality and quality of life in type 2 diabetics.Introdução: A Diabetes Mellitustipo 2 é uma doença crónica que pode ser de causa adquirida ou congénita, que se carateriza por uma incapacidade ou deficiência do corpo conseguir produzir insulina em quantidade suficiente. Os distúrbios do sono em pacientes diabéticos constituem fatores de risco para o agravamento da patologia pela interferência no controlo metabólico através da síndrome de resistência à insulina. Durante o sono, em indivíduos saudáveis, existe um equilíbrio entre a secreção de insulina e glicose, no entanto nos diabéticos, este equilíbrio apresenta-se comprometido pela ocorrência de hipoglicemias. Objetivo: Avaliar o impacto da perda de sono sobre o risco de agravamento da diabetes em insulinodependentes e abordar a relação entre a qualidade de sono enquanto elemento influenciador do controlo da glicose. Materiais e métodos: Estudo do tipo observacional transversal, realizado desde setembro de 2016 a junho de 2018. A amostra é de 200 indivíduos tendo sido feita a recolha da amostra no Hospital da Guarda e no Centro de Saúde de Trancoso, cuja média de idades é de 64,80 ± 13,670 anos. Resultados: 31% dos indivíduos utiliza medicação para dormir melhor. A dose média de insulina diária é de 47,14 UI. O género feminino apresenta maior presença de distúrbios do sono (47,5%), alto risco de SAOS (47,5%) e maior percentagem de risco de síndrome das pernas inquietas (16,8%) comparativamente ao género masculino. A quantidade diária de insulina está relacionada com o IMC (p=0,025) e o risco de desenvolver SAOS (p=0,026). Discussão/Conclusão: Tendo em conta os resultados, conclui-se que a quantidade diária de insulina e o IMC têm um papel importante na qualidade do sono e qualidade de vida dos diabéticos tipo 2
Adaptação do “programa de qualidade na interação familiar” para famílias com filhos com Transtorno do Espectro Autista
Get PDFThe diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) demands a family reorganization conducted according to the resources and support network available to the family. In addition, parents experience the rupture of an ideal child, a process accompanied by a number of feelings. There are several measures aimed at these families, but most are not focused on the development of the parents. Given this context, the present study aims to adapt to the Brazilian Family Interaction Quality Program (PQIF) to the reality of families with children with ASD. It was possible to adapt the material by adding a meeting based on the process of re-idealization, modification of six meetings according to the particularities of the disorder and the family impact. Two meetings were maintained according to the original PQIF model. It is believed that this study may contribute to the development of measures aimed at families of children with autism, and may be recognized as a tool that aims to promote family development.O diagnóstico do Transtorno do Espectro Autista (TEA) demanda uma reorganização familiar realizada de acordo com os recursos que a família possui e com a rede de apoio disponível. Além disso, os pais vivenciam a ruptura de um filho ideal, processo acompanhado por diversos sentimentos. São várias as intervenções destinadas a essas famílias, mas a maioria não tem como foco o desenvolvimento dos pais. Diante desse contexto, o presente estudo tem como objetivo adaptar o Programa de Qualidade na Interação Familiar (PQIF) para a realidade de famílias com filhos com TEA. Foi possível adaptar o material a partir do acréscimo de um encontro com base no processo de re-idealização e da modificação de seis encontros de acordo com as particularidades do transtorno e do impacto familiar, e dois encontros foram mantidos conforme o original. Acredita-se que este estudo pode contribuir com o desenvolvimento de ações destinadas as famílias de crianças com autismo, podendo vir a ser reconhecido como uma ferramenta que visa a promoção do desenvolvimento familiar
Acción conjunta intergeneracional (acig). Descripción de variables intervinientes
Get PDFIn order to know the different types of joint activities carried out by members of different generations, an online questionnaire was administered to a total of 2013 people. Of these, 608 were men and 1405 women. The questionnaire was designed after a review of the instruments used in the field of intergenerational work in various national and international studies. Online, potential participants were contacted to inform them about the purpose of the study and request their participation. The respondents gave their informed consent to participate in the work. Once the data were extracted and codified, the descriptive analyzes were carried out (tables of frequencies and percentages, means and standard deviations), the results of which are presented below. During the development of this work, funds were received through an aid to finance the predoctoral recruitment of research staff by the Junta de Castilla y León (EDU / 1083/2013), co-financed by the European Social Fund, within the Operational Program of the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) 2014-2020 of Castilla y León.Con el objetivo de conocer los diferentes tipos de actividades conjuntas realizadas por miembros de distintas generaciones se administró un cuestionario online a un total de 2013 personas. De estos, 608eran hombres y 1405 mujeres. El cuestionario fue diseñado tras una revisión de los instrumentos empleados en el campo de trabajo intergeneracional en diversos estudios nacionales e internacionales. De manera online se estableció contacto con los posibles participantes para informarles sobre el propósito del estudio y solicitar su participación. Los encuestados dieron su consentimiento informado a participar en el trabajo. Una vez extraídos y codificados los datos se realizaron los análisis descriptivos (tablas de frecuencias y porcentajes, medias y desviaciones típicas) cuyos resultados presentamos a continuación. Durante el desarrollo de este trabajo se recibieron fondos a través de una ayuda destinada a financiar la contratación predoctoral de personal investigador por la Junta de Castilla y León (EDU/1083/2013), cofinanciada por el Fondo Social Europeo, dentro del Programa Operativo del Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER) 2014-2020 de Castilla y León
La inhibición, el autocontrol emocional, la memoria de trabajo y la supervisión ¿predicen las manifestaciones típicas de adultos con TDAH?
Get PDFIntroduction. Deficits in inhibition, emotional control, working memory and monitoring have been evidenced in numerous investigations focused on attention déficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), but information about its posible differential influence on the characteristic manifestations of the disorder is not very well known. Objectives.The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationships and the predictive power of the regulation functions (inhibition and emotional control) and metacognitive functions (working memory and supervisión) in the manifestations of ADHD. Method. Sixty-one Young adults between the ages of 18 and 24 with a combined clinical diagnosis of ADHD subtype in childhood completed the Conners Scale of ADHD Symptoms and the Executive Performance Inventory (BRIEF). Results. Statistically significant relationships were found between inhibition, emotional regulation, working memory and monitoring and the Conners subscales. In addittion, deficits in executive functions were diferentially sensitive in predicting significant ADHD problems. Working memory and supervisión were predictors of attention problems, inhibition prediced self-concept problems and hyperactivity/restlessness while emotional self-control was the best predictor of impulsivity. Conclusions. The assessment of behavioral regulation functions and metacognitive executive functions may assist both in the diagnosis and the follow-up evaluations of treatment of adults with ADHD.Introducción. Los déficits en inhibición, control emocional, memoria de trabajo y supervisión se han evidenciado en numerosas investigaciones focalizadas en el trastorno por déficit de atención con hiperactividad (TDAH), pero la información sobre su posible influencia diferencial en las manifestaciones características del trastorno es escasa. Objetivos. El presente estudio se propuso analizar las relaciones de las funciones ejecutivas de regulación (inhibición y control emocional) y metacognitivas (memoria de trabajo y supervisión) con manifestaciones del TDAH y determinar el poder de predicción de esas cuatro funciones ejecutivas en dichas manifestaciones. Método. Sesenta y un jóvenes adultos entre18 y 24 años con un diagnóstico clínico de subtipo combinado de TDAH en la infancia completaron la Escala Conners de síntomas de TDAH y el Inventario de Funcionamiento Ejecutivo (BRIEF). Resultados. Se encontraron relaciones estadísticamente significativas entre inhibición, regulación emocional, memoria de trabajo y supervisión y las subescalas del Conners.Además, los déficits en las funciones ejecutivas fueron diferencialmente sensibles en la predicción de problemas significativos del TDAH. La memoria de trabajo y la supervisión fueron predictores de los problemas de atención, la inhibición predijo los problemas de autoconcepto y la hiperactividad/ inquietud mientras que el autocontrol emocional fue el mejor predictor de la impulsividad. Conclusiones. La medida de funciones ejecutivas de regulación y metacognitivas pueden ayudar tanto en el diagnóstico como en las evaluaciones de seguimiento del tratamiento de adultos con TDAH
Las habilidades sociales en el ámbito escolar como herramienta motivacional en los niños y niñas
Get PDFThis work deals with social skills and school environment, about whether such skills are really known by the different parts of the educational community, if they are being used as a necessary tool for the development of the boys and girls and confirm if it would be important to introduce social skills within the curriculum of early childhood and/or primary education, as a compulsory subject to enhance from the beginnings of education the capabilities of relationship, communication, listening, decision making, empathy, assertiveness and emotional control.Este trabajo versa sobre las habilidades sociales y el ámbito escolar, sobre si realmente dichas habilidades se conocen por las diferentes partes de la comunidad educativa, si efectivamente se están utilizando como herramienta necesaria para el desarrollo de los niños y las niñas y ver si sería importante introducir las habilidades sociales dentro del currículo de educación infantil y/o primaria, como materia obligatoria para potenciar desde los comienzos de la educación las capacidades de relación, de comunicación, de escucha, de toma de decisiones, de empatía, de asertividad y el control emocional
Habilidades de persuasión en niños y niñas de 6 a 12 años. El papel de la teoría de la mente y de la competencia lingüística
Get PDFThe objectives of this study are: a) to analyze the persuasive ability (selfish and prosocial) of the children of Primary Education and b) its relation with the linguistic competence and the understanding of the mind. Method: 103 children from 6 to 12 years old were administered the PPVT-III test, a battery of ToM tasks and two tasks of persuasive production (one selfish and one prosocial). Results. In prosocial persuasion children produce more different arguments and positive valence; instead, with regard to quality, the production of mentalist arguments in both types of persuasion is similar. In addition, children with greater linguistic and mentalist competence (especially attribution of emotional rather than epistemic states) produce more varied and higher quality persuasive arguments (valence is only related to mentalist competence); specifically, the attribution of emotions linked to beliefs is related to the variety of arguments of selfish persuasion, and the attribution of emotion to the victim of a faux pas with the variety and valence in prosocial persuasion. These data can be useful to guide the promotion of prosocial peer influence at school age.Los objetivos de este estudio son: a) analizar la habilidad persuasiva (egoísta y prosocial) de los niños/as de Educación Primaria y b) su relación con la competencia lingüística y la comprensión de la mente. Método. A 103 niños/as de 6 a 12 años se les administró dos tareas de producción persuasiva (una egoísta y una prosocial), el test PPVT-III y una batería de tareas de ToM. Resultados. En la persuasión prosocial los niños/as producen más argumentos distintos y de valencia positiva; en cambio, en cuanto a la calidad, es similar la producción de argumentos mentalistas en ambos tipos de persuasión. Además, los niños con mayor competencia lingüística y mentalista (especialmente atribución de estados emocionales, más que epistémicos) producen argumentos persuasivos más variados y de mayor calidad (la valencia sólo se relaciona con la competencia mentalista); concretamente, la atribución de emociones vinculadas a creencias está relacionada con la variedad de argumentos de persuasión egoísta, y la atribución de emoción a la víctima de una metedura de pata con la variedad y la valencia en la persuasión prosocial. Estos datos pueden ser útiles para guiar la promoción de la influencia prosocial entre iguales en la edad escolar
Actitudes de universitarios mexicanos hacia adultos mayores
Get PDFAging is an accurate fact since it is a development process that integrates the physiological, cognitive and psychosocial. And, the legacy of the twentieth century has been living a longer life (ILC-Brazil, 2015) in 2050 30% of the population will be older adults. Assuming that demographic growth in Mexico is evident and unstoppable, there is a need to address the effects that this entails; Considering that the discrimination in the treatment and the perception towards the elderly is the most serious consequence, then what are the attitudes towards the older adult in Mexican university students? What predisposition do they have towards this population? The literature indicates that they are perceived as a growing burden in society, and that it is young people who present a greater negative attitude. In this study, with a sample of 300 university students, using the KAOP test (Kogan, 1961), higher positive scores were found in women and, overall, a total score of 118.78 points, with almost no identification with positive characteristics. Also, the higher the semester, the better appreciation of the advice of the elderly. Therefore, it is imperative to deepen the attitudes towards this sector from the perspective of university students, since they are the highest percentage of population in Baja California. Therefore, it is imperative to deepen about the attitudes towards this sector from the perspective of the university students since these are the highest population percentage in Baja California.Envejecer es un hecho certero ya que es un proceso del desarrollo que integra lo fisiológico,cognitivo y psicosocial. Y, la herencia del siglo XX ha sido el tener una vida más larga (ILC-Brasil, 2015) en el 2050 el 30% de la población estará formado por adultos mayores. Asumiendo que el crecimiento demográfico en México es evidente e imparable se genera la necesidad de atender los efectos que esto conlleva; considerando que la discriminación en el trato y la percepción hacia los mayores es la consecuencia más grave, entonces ¿Cuáles son las actitudes hacia el adulto mayor en universitarios mexicanos? ¿Qué predisposición tienen hacia esta población? La literatura señala que se los percibe como una carga creciente en la sociedad, y que son los jóvenes quienes presentan una mayor actitud negativa. En el presente estudio con muestra de 300 universitarios, utilizando el test KAOP (Kogan, 1961) se encontraron mayores puntuaciones positivas en las mujeres y de manera general una puntuación total de 118,78 puntos, siendo casi nula la identificación con las características positivas. Asimismo, a mayor semestre mejor apreciación de los consejos del adulto mayor. Por tanto, resulta imperioso profundizar sobre las actitudes hacia este sector desde la mirada de los universitarios ya que son éstos el mayor porcentaje poblacional en Baja California
Representaciones sociales de las tipologías del maltrato infantil
Get PDFThe study suggests that “in the general population there will be differences in the assessment of severity in the types of abuse considering as very serious the abuse of the physical and sexual abuse, emotional, Munchaüsen, and prenatal, and as less serious, labor exploitation, begging and physical punishment “. The objective is to describe the social representations of the general population about the severity of child abuse behaviors. The sample consists of 223 subjects of both sexes, over 18 years of age residing in Linares and Jaén and divided into three groups: 89 subjects belong to the general group, 58 to peripheral professionals and 76 to those of child protection. The subjects completed a Questionnaire on the Social Representations of Child Mistreatment (CRESMI), which assessed, among other aspects, the severity assigned to the different types of abuse. The 30 items that form it, describe behaviors that can be had with children. They were grouped into different dimensions related to the types of abuse. To know this assessment by the general population, we took into account the average scores in each of the items of the dimensions of abuse in which the different behaviors of abuse were grouped and the dimension of non-abusive behaviors and punishment.The results indicate that the groups of subjects establish a continuum of severity of the different parental behaviors of abuse, being the physical abuse and sexual abuse valued as more severe. Considering that some forms of mistreatment are more abusive than others. The sample of the general population recognizes as maltreatment a wide range of behaviors that encompasses beyond the four typologies commonly included in studies on social representations of child maltreatment.El estudio realizado plantea como hipótesis que ”en la población general existirán diferencias en la valoración de gravedad en los tipos de maltrato, considerando como muy graves el maltrato el físico y el abuso sexual, el emocional, el Munchaüsen, y el prenatal, y como menos graves, explotación laboral, mendicidad y castigo físico”.El objetivo es el de describir las representaciones sociales de la población general acerca de la gravedad de los comportamientos del maltrato infantil.La muestra está constituida por 223 sujetos de ambos sexos, mayores de 18 años residentes en Linares y Jaén y distribuidos en tres grupos: 89 sujetos pertenecen al grupo general, 58 al de los profesionales periféricos y 76 a los de la protección infantil.Los sujetos completaron un Cuestionario sobre las Representaciones Sociales del Maltrato Infantil (CRESMI), donde se evalúo, entre otros aspectos, la gravedad asignada a las distintas tipologías de abuso. Los 30 ítems que lo forman, describen comportamientos que se pueden tener con los niños. Se agruparon en distintas dimensiones relacionadas con las tipologías de maltrato. Para conocer esa valoración por parte de la población general, se tuvo en cuenta las puntuaciones medias en cada uno de los ítems de las dimensiones de malos tratos en que se agruparon los distintos comportamientos de maltrato y a la dimensión de comportamientos no maltratantes y castigo.Los resultados indican que los grupos de sujetos establecen un continuo de gravedad de los distintos comportamientos parentales de maltrato, siendo el maltrato físico y el abuso sexual valorados cómo más severos. Considerando que unas formas de malos tratos son más abusivas que otras. La muestra de la población general reconoce como malos tratos una amplia gama de comportamientos que abarca más allá de las cuatro tipologías comúnmente incluidas en los estudios sobre representaciones sociales sobre el maltrato infantil
Organizational Psychology and Technology: ethical, legal and practical issues related to active listening and work-related stress monitoring in Italy and Europe
Get PDFActive listening is a powerful tool for the prevention and reduction of organizational disease and stress as well as for performance enhancement and even corporate social responsibility development. Active listening and wider work-related stress monitoring, as proven in literature and by several ongoing action-research experiences, can be made particularly effective if implemented in organizations through both traditional and technological methods , such as telephone and web-based chats, synchronous and asynchronous video-messaging and communicating tools, anonymous edropboxes and whistleblowing solutions, electronic questionnaires, and active monitoring technologies, just to name a few. While these technologies can have a positive impact on psychological intervention in organizations and, therefore, on the life of workers, they pose a series of ethical and legal issues. Some of them are still strongly debated and are under scrutiny of professional boards and governmental bodies. In Italy, the National Board of Psychologists has recently published guidelines for the web-based psychological practice. The European and Italian Parliaments have also produced several new norms that impact on the possibility of psychological interventions. Technology does not only involve the difficulty of the legal systems to follow the pace of its evolution, but also poses concrete difficulties in professional psychological applications, often related with the technological gap between the theoretical possibilities and the capabilities and instruments of the target organizations. This work aims to analyze some of these legal and applied issues and to propose, on the basis of a wide legal analysis and real case-study discussions, concrete solutions for incrementing the efficacy of the psychological interventions