International Journal of Developmental and Educational Psychology (Revista INFAD de Psicología)
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Derecho romano: comparación con el derecho actual en los métodos positivos para gestionar conflictos
Get PDFAlternative procedures to the judicial way existed in the Roman Law to solve controversies; many of them emerged in the family environment and in the business world. At present, through Mediation, Negotiation and Arbitration (Alternative Dispute Resolution - ADR), more favorable agreements can be obtained for the interests of both parties. In addition, these ADR methods protect privacy and avoid distress that damage the health and destroys the future relationships between the parties. The objective of this work was to compare the alternative strategies existing in the Roman Jurisdiction with the ADR methods used at present. This meta-analytical study consisted in the bibliographic revision of roman documents to compare them with the sources of current Law. The results inform that, in both, Roman Law and Current Law, alternative strategies like ADR, offers important advantages to the judicial way. They can be highlighted: the preservation of privacy, the good reception of the resolution by the parties, a more positive management of emotions, and a preservation of good relations between the parties. Both in Roman times and in our times, these aspects have special relevance in the field of the family and also in private businesses.Procedimientos alternativos a la vía judicial existieron en el Derecho Romano para resolver controversias; muchas de ellas, surgidas en el entorno familiar y en ámbito de los negocios. En la actualidad, a través de la Mediación, de la Negociación y del Arbitraje (Alternative Dispute Resolution - ADR) se pueden obtener acuerdos más favorables para los intereses de ambas partes. Además, estos métodos ADR protegen la privacidad y evitan disgustos que perjudican la salud y destruyen las buenas relaciones futuras entre las partes. El objetivo de este trabajo fue comparar las estrategias alternativas a la Jurisdicción existentes en la Época Romana con los métodos ADR empleados en la actualidad. Este estudio meta-analítico consistió en la revisión de la normativa y de documentos bibliográficos romanos y compararlos con las fuentes del Derecho actual. Los resultados informan que, tanto en el Derecho Romano como en el Derecho Actual, las estrategias ADR alternativas a la vía judicial presentan importantes ventajas. Se pueden destacar: la preservación de la privacidad, el buen acogimiento de la resolución por las partes, una gestión más positiva de las emociones, y una conservación de las buenas relaciones entre las partes. Tanto en la época romana como en nuestros tiempos, estos aspectos tuvieron especial relevancia en el ámbito de la familia y también en los negocios privado
Analysis of the psicometric properties of a multiplication and division processes assessment scale
Get PDFThe domain of multiplication and division operations depends on both algorithm managementand the ability to identify the semantic structure of the problem and to translate it into mathematical language. Many students present difficulties in identifying the semantic structure of the problem but not applying the algorithm when the problem is presented numericaly. The aim of the study is to validate an assessment tool of the processes involved in multiplication and division problems solving in order to identify the causes of mistakes. The administration to 368 ten-to-twelve yearsold children highlighted a three-factor structure of the test: a factor composed of tasks that require just the domain of the algorithm, a second one that demand the identification of the operation, and a third one requiring both processes. The reliability of the instrument has been satisfactory and a qualitative analysis of the responses to the error detection and correction is proposed
Sexualidade: do risco ao perigo na criança e adolescentes, um olhar retrospetivo de vítimas em Portugal
Get PDFSexual violence against children and young people has been identified as a public healthproblem. Sexual abuse is a crime of difficult notification, often underestimated. The victims willing to report the details of the abusive situation are still very scarce (Cardoso and Caniço, 2015). Only an informed society will be able to recognize and report abusive situations as well as to prevent them by controlling risk factors. Goal: Identify and analyze cases of sexual violence in children and adolescents in Portugal in the last five years. Methodology: This is a retrospective study, based on data on sexual violence in Portugal in children and adolescents, reported and recorded between 2014 and 2019, in the APAV and DGS reports. Results: In the last five years, there has been a significant increase in crimes of sexual abuse (with the exception of 2015), with 106 cases in 2014 and 348 in 2018, which is more than three times the number of cases in the previous period. Conclusion: In view of the increasing number of registered cases of crimes of sexual abuse, intervention is urgently needed to control or radiate this problem. By investing in the health and harmonious development of children and young people, we are building bridges to a healthy future.A violencia sexual contra criancas e jovens tem sido identificada como um problema de saude publica. O abuso sexual é um crime de difícil notificação, sendo frequentemente subdimensionado. As vítimas dispostas a relatar os pormenores da situação abusiva são ainda muito escassas (Cardoso e Caniço, 2015). Apenas uma sociedade informada estará apta para reconhecer e denunciar situações abusivas, bem como para as prevenir, controlando os fatores de risco. Objetivo: Identificar e analisar os casos de violência sexual em crianças e adolescentes em Portugal nos últimos cinco anos. Metodologia: Trata-se de um estudo retrospetivo, desenvolvido com base em dados de violência sexual em Portugal em crianças e adolescentes, reportados e registados, entre 2014 e 2019, nos relatórios da APAV (Associação Portuguesa de Apoio à Vítima) e DGS (Direção Geral de Saúde). Resultados: Nos últimos cinco anos assistiu-se a um aumento significativo de crimes por abuso sexual (com exceção do ano de 2015), verificando-se 106 casos em 2014 e 348 em 2018, valor este que é mais do triplo de casos do período anterior. Conclusão: Face ao crescente número da casos registados de crimes por abuso sexual, é urgente a intervenção para controlar ou irradicar este problema. Investindo na saúde e no desenvolvimento harmonioso das crianças e jovens, estamos a criar pontes para um futuro saudável
Formación integral de educadores y docentes desde una perspectiva psicosocioeducativa
Get PDFAmong the purposes of the Spanish Educational System, we find “the full development of the personality and the abilities of the students” (MECD, 2013. art.2) that is, contribute to its integral growth. This same regulation contemplates that “public services will provide primary attention to teacher training”. But, are educators and teachers really being trained in an integral way? From this arises our approach considering that this training is currently not contemplated as such in the study plans of future teachers in Spanish universities.This paper explains how the Enneagram has been integrated, as part of a university education in a transversal way (during the academic courses 2017/18 and 2018/19), in the Degree in Early Childhood Education and in the MAES (CEU Cardenal Spínola CEU - University of Seville) and the Degree in Social Education (Pablo de Olavide University of Seville) included as content in various subjects. The main objective of this study is to analyze the validation and perception that our student body show when discovering and working with a new tool that help them get to know each other and perceive the other’s reality from a different perspective. The procedure in the classroom has been made with theoretical contributions and introspection dynamics facilitating individual and group communication. In this work, a qualitative methodology is used where the information recorded in questionnaires, diaries, reflections and individual interviews with the participating students (a total of 110) is analyzed. The results indicate that there is a strong interest to know more about this tool and go into more depth, since this training process has led to the awareness of the need for development, both personally and professionally. The discussion of these results, revolves around discovering how Enneagram and other tools- that provide a better understanding-, work.Entre las finalidades del Sistema Educativo Español, se encuentra “el pleno desarrollo de la personalidad y de las capacidades de los alumnos” (MECD, 2013 art.2) es decir, contribuir a su crecimiento integral. Esta misma normativa contempla que “los poderes públicos prestarán atención prioritaria a la formación del profesorado”. Pero ¿realmente se está formando a los educadores y docentes de manera integral? De aquí surge nuestro planteamiento ya que dicha formación, actualmente no se contempla como tal en los planes de estudio de los futuros docentes en las universidades españolas. En este trabajo se explicita cómo se ha integrado el enneagrama, como parte de una formación universitaria de manera transversal (durante los cursos académicos 2017/18 y 2018/19), en el Grado de Educación Infantil y en el MAES (CEU Cardenal Spínola CEU-Universidad de Sevilla) y en el Grado de Educación Social (Facultad de Ciencias Sociales. Universidad Pablo de Olavide de Sevilla) incluyéndose como contenido en diversas materias. El objetivo principal de este estudio es analizar la valoración y percepción que muestra el alumnado al descubrir y trabajar con una nueva herramienta que los ayuda a conocerse y percibir la realidad del otro desde una perspectiva diferente. El procedimiento en el aula se ha realizado con aportaciones teóricas y dinámicas de introspección, facilitando la comunicación individual y grupal. En este trabajo se utiliza una metodología cualitativa donde se analiza la información registrada en: cuestionarios, diarios, reflexiones y entrevistas individuales con el alumnado participante (un total de 110).Los resultados indican que hay un fuerte interés por conocer más la herramienta y profundizaren ella, pues este proceso formativo ha llevado a tomar conciencia de la necesidad de crecimiento,tanto en el plano personal como en el profesional. La discusión de estos resultados, gira en torno adescubrir cómo se trabajan el enneagrama y otras herramientas que, ayudan a una comprensiónmayor que va desde lo singular a lo grupal
Relación entre el ratio SMR/THETA, simulación de síntomas y la calidad de vida en pacientes con fibromialgia
Get PDFIn the present work we find a study on the relationship between the SMR / Theta ratio, the simulation of symptoms and the quality of life in patients with fibromyalgia. Fibromyalgia disease is a syndrome associated with multiple symptoms ranging from sleep problems, fatigue or chronic fatigue and alterations in cognition. The study was conducted with a sample of 40 patients with fibromyalgia under the criteria of the American Rheumatology Association. The instruments used were, the Structured Inventory of Simulation of symptoms and SF-36 Health Survey. The results show that there is a relationship between quality of life and the SMR / Theta ratio but not with the simulation of symptoms, so we can conclude that people with the lowest SMR / theta ratio have a worse score in the quality test of life.En el presente trabajo encontramos un estudio sobre la relación entre el ratio SMR/Theta, la simulación de síntomas y la calidad de vida en pacientes con fibromialgia. La enfermedad de fibromialgia es un síndrome generalizado asociado con múltiples síntomas que abarcan desde problemas del sueño, fatiga o cansancio crónico y alteraciones en la cognición. El estudio se realizó con una muestra de 40 pacientes con fibromialgia bajo los criterios de la Asociación Americana de Reumatología. Los instrumentos utilizados fueron, el Inventario Estructurado de Simulación de síntomas y cuestionario autogestionado de Salud SF-36. Los resultados expuestos muestran que existen relación entre la calidad de vida y el ratio SMR/Theta pero no con la simulación de síntomas, por lo que podemos concluir que las personas con el ratio SMR/theta más bajos presentan peor puntuación en el test de calidad de vida
A educação sexual na escola: um estudo com professores e alunos do 9ºano de escolaridade
Get PDFThe aim of this study is to identify the knowledge and behaviour of 9th grade students from 4 schools from the north region of Portugal, as well as to characterize the Sexual Education practices with adolescents, developed in public schools. This investigation sought to ascertain and analyze, in general terms, the way in which the legislation guidelines on Sexual Education are applied at school and if there is success throughout learning.It was a descriptive and exploratory study, with a quantitative and qualitative approach, in which seven teachers and eight groups from the 9th year of schooling participated (two classes from each school), from four schools belonging to the north of Portugal. The instruments we used for the data collection were a pre- and post-test, to the students and an interview with the teachers of the respective students. The results have showed that after the intervention of the teachers, there was an improvement in the conception of several parameters related to ES (Sex Education), namely in the relationship between peers and with the teacher. ES had no negative effect on the knowledge, attitudes or behaviour of Portuguese adolescents. It was possible to infer about the Sexual Education lessons success, by the application of certain strategies as less show lessons, more pratical activities with non-teaching staff intervention. It should be noted that in some cases the students feel more comfortable with non-teaching people. This because we think that it is more difficult for parents to know of a certain situation and at the same time as the agent of greater responsibility for the students of a class, at school is person Class Director, students relate Class Director with Head of Education.O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar os conhecimentos e comportamentos de alunos do 9º ano de escolaridade de 4 escolas da região norte de Portugal e caraterizar as práticas de Educação Sexual com adolescentes, desenvolvidas em escolas públicas. Esta investigação procurou ainda averiguar e analisar a forma como os normativos sobre Educação Sexual são aplicados na escola e se existe sucesso ao longo da aprendizagem. Tratou-se de um estudo descritivo e exploratório, de abordagem mista, no qual participaram sete professores e oito turmas do 9º ano de escolaridade (duas turmas de cada escola), de quatro escolas pertencentes do norte de Portugal. Os instrumentos que utilizámos para a recolha de dadosforam um pré e pós- teste, aos alunos e entrevista aos professores dos respetivos alunos. Os resultados evidenciaram que após a intervenção dos professores, houve uma melhoria naconceção de vários parâmetros relativos à ES (Educação Sexual), nomeadamente no relacionamento entre pares e com o professor. A ES não teve qualquer efeito negativo nos conhecimentos, atitudes ou comportamentos dos adolescentes portugueses.Foi possível inferir sobre o sucesso das aulas de ES através da aplicação de determinadas estratégias, tais como as aulas menos expositivas, com atividades mais práticas e com a intervenção de colaboradores não docentes. Há a salientar o seguinte, em alguns casos os alunos sentem-se mais à vontade com pessoas não docentes, pois pensamos que é mais difícil os pais saberem de determinada situação e ao mesmo tempo, como o agente de maior responsabilidade pelos alunos de uma turma, na escola é a pessoa Diretor de Turma (DT), os alunos relacionam DT com Encarregado de Educação.
Maternal anxiety and preterm babies’ behavior
Get PDFMothers of preterm babies present clinical symptoms of anxiety, turning them more fragile and less adapted to initial care for the baby, with consequences upon the global development of the child along time. This study investigated the self-perception of anxiety of preterm babies’ mothers at birth and six months later and also about correlations between maternal anxiety and babies’ behaviors during the first year of life. Clinical and structured interview with 44 mothers twelve months after hospital discharge. Results reveal a higher level of maternal anxiety at delivery than six months later. It was observed a significant relationship between the feeling of maternal anxiety at delivery and babies’ sleep disturbances during the first year of life. Maternal perception of anxiety at delivery was strongly associated with the intensity of fear displayed by the baby in the presence of strangers. Results suggest that maternal anxiety at delivery influences the beginning of the baby’s play whose skill is inversely proportional to maternal anxiety. Maternal anxiety after delivery seems to influence mother-baby relationship and baby’s behaviors that are indicators of development, inducing a level lower than expected
Outcomes evaluation of orthos for gamblers: impulsivity, attachment styles, alexithymia, and parental bonding
Get PDFPathological gambling (GAP) is considered a disorder in which the subject involved can not stop playing despite persistent and evident family, work and social problems. It is listed among the Impulse Control Disorders in the Diagnostic Manuals (DSM, ICD, PDM) because of the significant role that the impulsive trait has in the lives of the players’ personalities.Impulsivity is a multidimensional construct denoted by the tendency to act a behavior or to make a choice without reflective mediation. An immediate act in reaction to a physical or psychic stimulus. Numerous researches testify how impulsivity is the structuring characteristic of the conduct of the gamblers. Alexithymia, from the Greek a-lex-thymos, refers to the impossibility of recognizing and expressing one’s emotional states. Most often found in psychosomatic patients, the alexithymic construct also emphasizes imaginative poverty and the consequent concreteness of thought (operative thought) of subjects who are mainly directed towards the “material” aspects of their actions, having no reflexive space for the properly psychological aspects of their behavior. The aim of this study is to evaluate the outcomes of the Orthos program over a period of 24 months in reference to specific constructs of the GAP such as: the characteristics of the game, the impulsivity, alexithymia, the dimensions of the attachment styles and the quality of the cures offered by both parents during childhood in Pathological Gamblers
Fortalezas personales y eficacia docente
Get PDFThe present work is based on Positive Psychology and its main objective is to determine which Personal Strengths of teachers predict Teacher Efficacy. For this, a study has been developed in all educational levels, from Pre-school Education to Higher Education, in two countries (Dominican Republic and Spain), with a total sample of 454 teachers. The instruments used for the data collection were two: Values in Action Inventory of Strengths: VIAIS and Teacher Efficacy Scale. Correlation and regression analyzes were carried out. The results indicated, firstly, significant positive relationships between the two dimensions of the Teacher Efficacy Scale and the six Personal Strengths; and, secondly, the predictive value of two Personal Strengths (Humanity and Transcendence), in relation to Teacher Efficacy. The need to include in the training, both initial and permanent of the teaching staff, the development of Personal Strengths, favoring human virtues is discussed.El presente trabajo se sustenta en la Psicología Positiva y tiene como objetivo principal determinar qué Fortalezas Personales del profesorado predicen la Eficacia Docente. Para ello, se ha desarrollado un estudio en todos los niveles educativos, desde Educación Infantil hasta la Educación Superior, en dos países (República Dominicana y España), con una muestra total de 454 docentes. Los instrumentos utilizados para la recogida de información fueron dos: Values in Action Inventory of Strengths: VIA-IS y Teacher Efficacy Scale. Se llevaron a cabo análisis de correlación y de regresión. Los resultados indicaron, en primer lugar, relaciones significativas de carácter positivo entre las dos dimensiones de la Escala de Eficacia Docente y las seis Fortalezas Personales; y, en segundo, el valor predictivo de dos Fortalezas Personales (Humanidad y Trascendencia), en lo relativo a la Eficacia Docente. Se discute la necesidad de incluir en la formación, tanto inicial como permanente del profesorado, el desarrollo de las Fortalezas Personales, favoreciendo las virtudes humanas
Diferencias por género en una validación de un instrumento para evaluar la felicidad en una muestra de estudiantes de secundaria
Get PDFIn the field of education there is high interest in emotional scope, especially in earlier stages. These scope must be evaluated to check this efficiently. The objective of this paper is to validate a questionnaire to assess Happiness. To prevent the validity be adversely affected, we applied analysis to both genders separately. To make it possible we focused on 811 participants from seven educational centers; 71.6% of the total were Muslims and 28.4% belonged to the Christian religion, 46.1% were male and 53.9% female. The technique used in this survey is a questionnaire built to evaluate Happinnes. The results show high levels of reliability for both genders (Cronbachs’ of .897 in male sample and .908 in females). The dimensions are different (women 5 and men 6) for both groups. There are positive correlations between totals and the dimensions that make them. Therefore this questionnaire is an appropriate tool to evaluate these capabilities after making some modifications in future works. It is more appropriate to apply the analysis separately.Existe un enorme interés, dentro del ámbito educativo, por el campo de las emociones, ámbito que debe ser evaluado de manera adecuada. Por eso este trabajo tiene como objetivo validar un cuestionario para evaluar la Felicidad destinado a una muestra de alumnado de educación secundaria. Para esto se contó con una muestra de 811 participantes, procedentes de 6 centros distintos. Para evitar que la validez del instrumento se pueda ver negativamente afectada se aplicó en análisis a ambos géneros por separado. Para ello, se ha contado con 811 participantes, de seis IES en los que se imparte formación perteneciente a la Etapa Secundaria. Considerando la cultura, el grupo mayoritario es el de participantes pertenecientes a la cultura-religión musulmana. Estos constituyen el 71.6% de la muestra, mientras que el 28.4% de la misma pertenecía a la cultura-religión cristiana, siendo el 46.1% varones y el resto de la muestra (53.9%) mujeres. Como instrumento de evaluación se empleó un cuestionario elaborado para evaluar la felicidad. Los resultados obtenidos reflejan niveles de fiabilidad aceptables para ambos géneros ( de Cronbach de .897 en varones y de .908 en mujeres). Las dimensiones esperadas fueron diferentes (6 varones y 5 mujeres), apareciendo intercorrelaciones positivas entre los totales y las dimensione que lo conforman. Este cuestionario lo muestra como instrumento adecuado para evaluar estas capacidades en la población infantil-juvenil, tras realizar algunas modificaciones en trabajos futuros, siendo más indicado aplicar el análisis por separado