International Journal of Developmental and Educational Psychology (Revista INFAD de Psicología)
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Sentido de vida, saúde mental e bem-estar em adultos: que relações?
Get PDFDiscovering the meaning of life is a concern of the human being that has always existed, being considered an object of study and the focus of various reflections and theories. Philosophers like Aristotle and Epicurus stated that the meaning of life is to achieve true happiness, reflecting the need to give meaning to life is currently considered one of the components of mental health and well-being. In this context, a study is presented whose objective was to analyze the relationship of human existence. Initially the investigation of the meaning of life, when trying to understand the individual’s search for a meaning, followed at an existential approach, and at the end of the 20th century, when the emergence of Positive Psychology emerges a greater investment and knowledge by the scientific community around these issues, the meaning of life hss being considered one of the components of well-being. A study is presented that aimed to analyze the relationship between the meaning of life, mental health and well-being in a sample of 247 adults, aged between 18 and 69 years. Data were collected using the Meaning of Life Questionnaire and the Mental Health Continuum Scale. The results indicated that individuals with high levels of presence of meaning of life had equally high levels of wellbeing, while, in turn, individuals with high levels of searging for life meaning, had lower levels of well-being, underlining the strong relationship between these two dimensions.Descobrir um sentido de vida é uma inquietação do ser humano que desde sempre existiu sendo considerado um objeto de estudo e foco de várias reflexões e teorias. Filósofos como Aristóteles e Epicuro afirmaram que o sentido da vida consiste em alcançar a verdadeira felicidade, reflectindo a necessidade de dar um significado à existência humana. Inicialmente, a investigação sobre o sentido da vida, ao tentar compreender a procura do indivíduo por um sentido, seguiu uma abordagem existencial, sendo que final do século XX, aquando da emergência da Psicologia Positiva emerge um maior investimento e conhecimento por parte da comunidade científica em torno destas questões, sendo o sentido da vida, considerado uma das componentes do bem-estar. Apresenta-se um estudo que teve como objectivo analisar a relação entre o sentido de vida, a saúde mental e o bem-estar numa amostra de 247 adultos, com idades compreendidas entre os 18 e os 69 anos. Os dados foram recolhidos com recurso ao Questionário de Sentido de Vida e à Escala Continuum de Saúde Mental. Os resultados indicaram que os indivíduos com níveis elevados de presença de sentido de vida apresentavam níveis igualmente elevados de bem-estar, enquanto que, por sua vez, os indivíduos com níveis elevados de procura de sentido de vida, apresentaram níveis menores de bemestar, sublinhando a forte relação entre estas duas dimensões
Género, control parental y victimización on line: una revisión sistemática.
Get PDFThis paper aims to review the available literature on adolescent sexting and the possible relationship between the following categories: victimisation, gender and parental control. This analysis was carried out by means of a systematic review of the scientific literature contained in the Pubmed and Dialnet databases during the period 2017-2020. Ten articles were found, most of them written in the United States. The level of evidence was moderate between II.a and II.b and the grade of recommendation was B. The predominant type of studies were exploratory- descriptive and analytical-descriptive. The research shows a strong tendency towards empirical studies. Cybervictimization by sexting is significantly and positively correlated with gender and androcentric perception of love and romantic relationships; it is also positively and significantly correlated with non-functional perception of parental authority, while the degree of parental intermediation is very difficult to determine.El presente trabajo tiene por objetivo revisar la literatura disponible sobre sexting adolescente y la posible relación entre las categorías, victimización, género y control parental. Se realizó mediante la revisión sistemática evidenciada en la literatura científica y contenida en la base de datos Pubmed y Dialnet, durante el período 2017– 2020. Se encontraron 10 artículos, la mayoría de ellos desarrollados en Estados Unidos. El nivel de evidencia fue moderado entre II.a y II. b y el grado de recomendación fue B. El tipo de estudio predominante fue el exploratorio descriptivo y descriptivo analítico. Las investigaciones presentan una acentuada tendencia por los estudios empíricos. La cibervictimización por sexting está correlacionada de manera significativa y positiva con la condición de género y la percepción androcéntrica de las relaciones amorosas y románticas; se correlaciona positiva y significativamente, también, con la percepción no funcional de la autoridad parental, en tanto que el grado de intermediación parental es muy difícil determinarlo
Moda y salud en personas mayores. Revisión bibliográfica enfermera.
Get PDFFashion and health in the elderly. nursing literature review. The so-called “third age” is a phase of life, marked by prejudices. Body image is the representation of the body that each person builds in their mind, influenced by psychological changes. Clothes change our way of thinking and we can feel like superheroes only by changing clothes. Talking about fashion in the elderly, breaking the pre-established beauty canons, it is strange, the “wrinkle is not beautiful”, however, as consumers, they are an active group, and they will become the engine of the so-called silver economy, since “They are active people who like to take care of themselves, play sports, eat well, be fashionable and have fun.” Feeling beautiful influences the perception of health, that is, feeling good on the outside makes you feel good on the inside. The objective of our study is to evaluate the influence of fashion in older people as an enhancer of self-esteem, therefore, as an improvement in their health and to make Zamora a benchmark for the silverization of the fashion sector. (Silver fashion week space). Methodology: review of the literature. Results achieved: the elderly are a growing market, with considerable incomes, good health, interest in enjoying themselves, illusions and a characteristic consumption structure, their demands should be considered when designing and marketing making a comfortable and functional fashion. Discussion: few results have been obtained; Given this fact, we see that it is a novel topic. It is a topic to be developed in new research. Conclusion: the showcase that we see of people is, in principle, how they are dressed; the way to combine colors, to use accessories, to feel comfortable and elegant, influences the perception of health.La llamada “tercera edad” es una fase de la vida, marcada por prejuicios. La imagen corporal es la representación del cuerpo que cada persona construye en su mente, influenciada por cambios psicológicos. La ropa cambia nuestra manera de pensar y podemos sentirnos superhéroes solamente cambiando la vestimenta. Hablar de moda en la tercera edad, rompiendo los cánones de belleza preestablecidos, es extraño, la “arruga no es bella”, sin embargo, como consumidores, son un grupo activo, y se convertirán en el motor de la llamada silver economy, ya que “Son personas activas a las que les gusta cuidarse, hacer deporte, comer bien, ir a la moda y divertirse”. Sentirse guapa influye en la percepción de la salud, es decir sentirse bien por fuera hace que se sienta bien por dentro. El objetivo de nuestro estudio es evaluar la influencia de la moda en las personas mayores como potenciador de la autoestima, por lo tanto, como mejora de su salud y hacer de Zamora un referente de silverización del sector de la moda. (Espacio fashion week de la moda Silver). Metodología: revisión de la literatura. Resultados alcanzados: las personas mayores son un mercado en aumento, con rentas considerables, buena salud, interés por disfrutar, ilusiones y una estructura de consumo característica, se debería considerar sus exigencias a la hora de diseñar y comercializar haciendo una moda cómoda y funcional. Discusión: son pocos los resultados obtenidos; ante este hecho vemos que es un tema novedoso. Es un tema a desarrollar en nuevas investigaciones. Conclusión: el escaparate que vemos de las personas, es en principio, como va vestida; la forma de combinar los colores, de utilizar los complementos, se sentirse cómoda y elegante, influye sobre la percepción de la salud
Da inatividade ao sentimiento de utilidade da pessoa idosa: efeito na redução dos sintomas de ansiedade e depressão
Get PDFInactivity and lack of social recognition have negative consequences, which can lead to agitation, depression and complications caused by immobility. In this context, it is essential to occupy the elderly person to make them feel useful. This study intends to evaluate the effect of the change in family context and care in Humanitude on the feeling of usefulness of the elderly person. An exploratory and descriptive, longitudinal case study (carried out over 4 years) with an elderly person (94 to 98 years old), in household context, before the family context changed, 2 and 4 years after this change. In these three moments, the following parameters were evaluated: depression by the Yesavage Geriatric Depression Scale - short form; level of dependence on Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL) Scale by Lawton and Brody; vital signs; drugs consumed; and psychomotor agitation behaviors. There was a positive effect of changing the family context and using Humanitude care procedures in the elderly person under study, namely: reduction of depression symptoms, from severe depression (14), to no depression (5); improvement of IADLs dependency levels, from total dependence (1), to moderate dependence (5); decrease in blood pressure (TA) values, from 170/90mmhg, to 100/75mmhg; reduction of drugs prescribed and consumed, from 12 drugs daily to 1 drug; there was a reduction in the frequency and intensity of psychomotor agitation behaviors (tremors, irritability and emotional lability). There was also an increase in satisfaction with participation in IADLs. It was shown that the way we interact with the elderly person can have effects on their health and behavior. Thus, the training of formal and informal caregivers is important to give intentionality to the valorization of the active participation of the elderly person in activities with which they identify and which restores the feeling of social utilityA inatividade e a falta de reconhecimento social têm consequências negativas, podendo levar a comportamentos de agitação, depressão e complicações causadas pela imobilidade. Neste contexto, torna-se fundamental ocupar a pessoa idosa para que se sinta útil. Este estudo pretende avaliar o efeito da mudança de contexto familiar e do cuidado em Humanitude no sentimento de utilidade da pessoa idosa. Foi realizado um estudo de caso, de cariz exploratório e descritivo, longitudinal (realizado ao longo de 4 anos), numa pessoa idosa (94 aos 98 anos), em contexto domiciliar, antes da mudança do contexto familiar, 2 e 4 anos após esta mudança. Nestes três momentos foram avaliados os seguintes parâmetros: depressão pela Escala de Depressão Geriátrica de Yesavage - versão curta; nível de dependência das Atividades Instrumentais de Vida Diária (AIVD) pela escala de Lawton e Brody; sinais vitais; fármacos consumidos; e comportamentos de agitação psicomotora. Verificou-se efeito positivo da mudança do contexto familiar e da utilização dos procedimentos cuidativos Humanitude na pessoa idosa em estudo, nomeadamente: redução dos sintomas de depressão, de depressão grave (14), para sem depressão (5); melhoria dos níveis de dependência nas AIVD, de dependência total (1), para dependência moderada (5); diminuição dos valores da tensão arterial (TA), de 170/90mmhg, para 100/75mmhg; redução dos fármacos prescritos e consumidos, de 12 fármacos diários para 1 fármaco; observou-se uma redução na frequência e intensidade dos comportamentos de agitação psicomotora (tremores, irritabilidade e labilidade emocional). Verificouse ainda aumento da satisfação na participação nas AIVD. Foi evidenciado que a forma como interagimos com a pessoa idosa pode ter efeitos na sua saúde e no seu comportamento. Assim, a formação dos cuidadores formais e informais é importante para darem intencionalidade na valorização da participação ativa da pessoa idosa em atividades com que se identifique e que lhe restitua o sentimento de utilidade social
Programa "COMUNICA" y aprendizaje autorregulado: implementación educativa para mejorar las estrategias cognitivas y metacognitivas
Get PDFThe importance of self-regulated learning has been increasing in recent years, giving rise to different very interesting methodological proposals to investigate.In this study, we will approach this topic with a sample of students from 3rd, 4th, 5th and 6th grade of Primary Education, belonging to the COMUNICA Educational Success Program, implemented in the Autonomous Community of Extremadura, during the academic year 2018. This measure of attention to diversity aims to promote complementary educational actions of a compensatory nature in relation to a high number of students with learning difficulties and academic performance associated with low communication skills within the ordinary group. Following this path and relating it to self-regulated learning, the application of an intervention program that favors the use of cognitive and metacognitive strategies is established. The general objective, therefore, underlying this study, is to analyze the different components of self-regulated learning and identify the one that presents the greatest difficulties. For this, the questionnaire prepared by Torrano Montalvo and González Torres (2004) on motivation and self-regulated learning strategies adapted to the level of understanding of Primary Education is taken as a reference. The results obtained show the effectiveness of the proposed intervention applied to students in the experimental group, achieving these important benefits in their teaching learning process, favoring the development of their self-regulated learning and school performance.La importancia del aprendizaje autorregulado se ha incrementado en los últimos años, dando lugar a diferentes propuestas metodológicas muy interesantes a investigar. En el presente estudio, abordaremos esta temática con una muestra de alumnos de 3º, 4º, 5º y 6º de Educación Primaria, pertenecientes al Programa de Éxito Educativo COMUNICA, implementado en la Comunidad Autónoma de Extremadura, durante el curso académico 2018. Esta medida de atención a la diversidad tiene la finalidad de promover actuaciones educativas complementarias, de carácter compensador, en relación a un elevado número de alumnos con dificultades de aprendizaje y/o rendimiento académico asociado a baja competencia comunicativa dentro del grupo ordinario.Siguiendo esa dirección y relacionándolo con el aprendizaje autorregulado, se establece la aplicación de un programa de intervención que favorezca la utilización de las estrategias cognitivas y metacognitivas y mejore su rendimiento académico.El objetivo general, por tanto, que vertebra este estudio, responde a analizar los diferentes componentes del aprendizaje autorregulado e identificar el que presenta mayores dificultades.Para ello, se toma como referencia el cuestionario elaborado por Torrano Montalvo y González Torres (2004) sobre motivación y estrategias de aprendizaje autorregulado adaptado al nivel de comprensión de los estudiantes de Educación Primaria. Los resultados obtenidos evidencian la eficacia de la propuesta de intervención aplicada a los estudiantes del grupo experimental, consiguiendo éstos importantes beneficios en su proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje, favoreciendo por tanto, el desarrollo de su aprendizaje autorregulado y rendimiento escolar
Introducción de "Psicología y crecimiento positivo. El afrontamiento maduro de la dificultad: la respuesta al COVID-19"
No full textINFAD Journal, no. 1, vol.2, 2021: "Psychology and positive growth. Coping with the difficulty in a mature way: the response to COVID-19"Revista INFAD nº 1, volumen 2, año 2021: "Psicología y crecimiento positivo. El afrontamiento maduro de la dificultad: la respuesta al COVID-19
Secuencias didácticas basadas en geogebra para la enseñanza de la geometría en la educación secundaria
Get PDFThis paper explores Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) for teaching geometry in secondary education, and in particular the Dynamic Geometry Software (DGS) GeoGebra. This software allows students to build geometric models in an interactive and dynamic way, through the free manipulation of mathematical objects, encouraging them to discover geometric concepts and properties on their own through the process of exploring practical situations (Mora Sánchez, 2007). We examine how DGS can be integrated into the secondary school curriculum to explain certain contents of the geometry block in the third year of Compulsory Secondary Education (CSE). The selected contents demonstrate the benefits of using this software to explain the necessary concepts, compared to the traditional method based on static representations. Two didactic sequences are designed to work with GeoGebra, a popular DGS software. The first one is aimed at working on the concept of the perpendicular bisector and the bisector, and the second one deals with axial and central symmetry. For both sequences, an overview is provided of the contents to be learnt, the assessment criteria and the assessable learning standards. En este artículo se profundiza en las Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación (TIC) para la enseñanza de la geometría en la educación secundaria, y en particular el Software de Geometría Dinámica (SGD) GeoGebra. Este software permite al alumno construir modelos geométricos de forma interactiva y dinámica, mediante la manipulación libre de los objetos matemáticos, impulsándole a que descubra por sí solo conceptos y propiedades geométricas mediante el proceso de exploración de situaciones prácticas (Mora Sánchez, 2007). Se examina cómo el SGD puede ser integrado en el currículo de secundaria para explicar ciertos contenidos del bloque de geometría del curso tercero de Educación Secundaria Obligatoria (ESO). Los contenidos seleccionados demuestran las ventajas de utilizar este software para explicar los conceptos necesarios frente al método tradicional basado en representaciones estáticas. Se diseñan dos secuencias didácticas para trabajar con GeoGebra, un software popular de SGD. La primera está destinada a trabajar el concepto de mediatriz y bisectriz, y la segunda trata la simetría axialyla central. Para ambas secuencias se muestra qué contenidos van a ser aprendidos y cuáles son los criterios de evaluación y los estándares de aprendizaje evaluables
Habilidades socioemocionales: alumnos con discapacidad visual en un aula inclusiva de educación infantil
Get PDFSocio-emotional education in boys and girls with visual disabilities is a human right, the objective of which is to guarantee this quality education with equal opportunities with a perspective of equity. The present objective is to present the partial advances of the research on the analysis of socio-emotional skills in students with visual disabilities in an inclusive preschool classroom, based on their conceptions about socioemotional education, the relationship of socio-emotional dimensions and their contrast. With the socio-emotional skills present in the inclusive classroom, from the new pandemic reality of teaching that is currently developing due to the health emergency of COVID-19, for this, theoretical references aimed at socio-emotional skills are being worked on.La educación socioemocional en niños y niñas con discapacidad visual es un derecho humano, cuyo objetivo es garantizar esta educación de calidad en igualdad de oportunidades con una perspectiva de equidad. En este trabajo se evidencia el avance del análisis las habilidades socioemocionales en alumnos con discapacidad visual en un aula inclusiva de educación infantil, a partir de sus concepciones sobre la educación socioemocional, la relación de las dimensiones socioemocionales y su contrastación con las habilidades socioemocionales presentes en el aula inclusiva, desde la nueva realidad pandémica de enseñanza que actualmente se desarrolla a causa de la emergencia sanitaria del COVID-19, para ello se trabajan referentes teóricos encaminados a las habilidades socioemocionales
Escala dificuldades na amamentação
Get PDFBackground: Many mothers experience breastfeeding difficulties, specifically early in the breastfeeding process. Adequate support from trained health workers, notably nurses, is crucial to minimise the impact of breastfeeding problems. Objectives To evaluate the internal structure of the breastfeeding difficulties scale through exploratory factor analysis and confirm the hypothesised factor model through confirmatory factor analysis. Participants: The data used were obtained by applying them to a nonprobabilistic convenience sample consisting of 674 women aged between 15 and 49 years (average = 31,65 years ± 5,95), the majority living with a partner (93,6%). They are of Portuguese nationality 97,0%, have an academic level above the 12th grade 47,9% and are employed 84,3% of the total sample. Method: This is a methodological study, in which the scale was tested through content and construct validity. The psychometric properties were assessed using Cronbach’s Alpha coefficient ( ) for internal consistency and construct validity through exploratory and confirmatory factorial validity, convergent validity, and discriminant validit. Results: The exploratory factorial analysis led to a three-factor structure which explained a total of 68,64% of the variance and had a Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of 0,919. With the confirmatory factor analysis, two items were eliminated for presenting multicollinearity problems. The overall goodness of fit indices are reliable, confirming the quality of the model’s fit to the empirical data. (x2/gl= 3,892; GFI= 0,962; CFI= 0,974; RMR= 0,049; RMSEA=0,065 and SRMR = 0,042). Conclusion: The results show that the breastfeeding difficulties scale has a factor structure with satisfactory results of validity and reliability, adequately representing the constructs in question. The breastfeeding difficulties scale can be used as a research tool to assess the difficulties experienced by postpartum women in the breastfeeding process.Enquadramento: Muitas mães experimentam dificuldades na amamentação, especificamente no início do processo da amamentação. O apoio adequado de profissionais de saúde treinados, nomeadamente os enfermeiros, é crucial para minimizar o impacto dos problemas da amamentação. Objetivo: Avaliar a estrutura interna da escala de dificuldades de amamentação através da análise factorial exploratória e confirmar o modelo fatorial hipotetizado através da analise factorial confirmatória. Participantes: Este estudo realizou-se com uma amostra não probabilística por conveniência constituída por 674 mulheres com idades compreendidas entre os 15 e 49 anos (média = 31,65 anos ± 5,95) a coabitar com companheiro (93,6%). São de nacionalidade portuguesa (97,0%), possuem habilitações literárias superiores ao 12ª ano 47,9% e encontram-se empregadas 84,3% da totalidade da amostra. Método: Estudo metodológico, em que a escala foi testada através da validade aparente de conteúdo e constructo. As propriedades psicométricas, foram avaliadas com recurso à consistência interna pelo coeficiente Alpha ( ) de Cronbach e validade de construto através da validade factorial exploratória e confirmatória, validade convergente e validade discriminante. Resultados: A análise factorial exploratória levou à obtenção de uma estrutura trifatorial que explicava no total 68,64% da variância e com um coeficiente alfa de Cronbach de 0,919. Com a análise fatorial confirmatória foram eliminados dois itens por apresentarem problemas de multicolinearidade. Os índices gerais de bondade de ajustamento global são fiáveis, confirmando a qualidade do ajuste do modelo aos dados empíricos. (x2/gl= 3,892; GFI= 0,962; CFI= 0,974; RMR= 0,049; RMSEA=0,065 e SRMR = 0,042). Conclusões: Os resultados evidenciam que a escala apresenta uma estrutura fatorial com resultados satisfatórios de validade e de confiabilidade, representando adequadamente os constructos em questão. A escala de dificuldades de amamentação pode ser utilizada como instrumento de pesquisa para avaliar as dificuldades sentidas pelas puérperas no processo de amamentação
La comprensión conceptual aritmética en la escuela elemental
Get PDFThis study analyzed the arithmetic conceptual comprehension from a dual perspective (conceptual and strategic) of students in 4th, 5th and 6th grades of Elementary school, selected based on three achievement groups: mathematical learning disabilities (MLD; n=51), typical achievement (TA; n=60) and high achievement (HA; n=21). Specifically, it aimed to (1) characterize students based on their arithmetic conceptual knowledge and (2) analyze how the different achievement groups cope with more complex tasks based on their previous conceptual skills. The BANEVHAR battery was applied to assess conceptual understanding and the full scale of the CAS battery was used as a reliable estimator of intelligence. The results pointed out the conceptual deficits of students with MLD with respect to their peers with TA and HA, who seem to reach these educational levels with acquired conceptual skills. In addition, it was observed that there are differences between the groups not only in conceptual knowledge but also in the strategic coping of tasks when these are novel or complex. In this context, students with HA can solve tasks more efficiently. These findings highlight the importance of conceptual and strategic teaching of arithmetic and suggest its practical implementation at school.Este estudio analizó la comprensión conceptual aritmética desde una doble vía, (conceptual y estratégica) del alumnado escolarizado en 4º, 5º y 6º de Educación Primaria, seleccionado en base a tres grupos de logro: dificultades de aprendizaje en matemáticas (DAM; n=51), competencia normal (CN; n=60) y alto rendimiento (AR; n=21). Concretamente, pretendió (1) caracterizar al alumnado en base a su conocimiento conceptual aritmético y (2) analizar cómo los distintos grupos de logro afrontan tareas más complejas en base a sus habilidades conceptuales previas. Se utilizó la batería BANEVHAR para evaluar la comprensión conceptual y la escala completa de la batería CAS como estimador fiable de inteligencia. Los resultados señalaron los déficits conceptuales del alumnado con DAM respecto a sus iguales de CN y AR que parecen llegar a estos niveles educativos con las habilidades conceptuales adquiridas. Además, se observó que existen diferencias entre los tres grupos en el afrontamiento estratégico de las tareas cuando estas son novedosas o complejas. En este contexto, el alumnado con AR es capaz de resolver las tareas de forma más eficiente. Estos hallazgos resaltan la importancia de la enseñanza conceptual y estratégica de la aritmética y sugieren su implementación práctica en la escuela