International Journal of Developmental and Educational Psychology (Revista INFAD de Psicología)
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Escala de qualidade da informação
Get PDFBackground: The communication process is inherent to the care process, and it is important to understand how the client, who is the target of nursing care, perceives the quality of information conveyed to her by her nurses. Objective: The objective of this study was to analyse the empirical structure of the scale of quality of information through exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. Participants: This was applied to a non-probability convenience sample consisting of 584 women aged between 20 and 49 years with a mean age of 31.77 years (± 5.88), most of whom lived with a partner (93.5%). Method: Methodological study, in which a semantic differential scale was tested through face and content validity and the psychometric properties were assessed, through internal consistency by Cronbach’s Alpha coefficient ( ) and construct validity in its dimensions exploratory and confirmatory factor validity, convergent validity and discriminant validity. Results: The results of the exploratory factor analysisled to the obtainment ofa one-factorstructure with 7 items which explained in total 79.84% of the variance and with a Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of 0.957. The results of the confirmatory factor analysis show a one-factor structure with six items and reliable overall adequacy indices, confirming the quality of the model fit to the empirical data. (x2/gl= 2.885; GFI= 0.985; CFI= 0.995; RMR= 0.029; RMSEA=0.057). Conclusion: The results show that the quality of information scale can be used as a research and monitoring tool to assess the quality of information between nurses and the clients for whom they provide care.Enquadramento: O processo de comunicação é inerente ao processo de cuidar, importando perceber como a cliente, alvo dos cuidados de enfermagem, perceciona a qualidade de informação que lhe é transmitida pelos enfermeiros que dela cuidam. Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo consiste em analisar a estrutura empírica da escala de qualidade da informação através de análise fatorial exploratória e confirmatória. Participantes: Esta foi aplicada a uma amostra não probabilística por conveniência constituída por 584 mulheres com idades compreendidas entre os 20 e 49 anos com uma média de idade de 31,77 anos (± 5,88) na sua maioria a coabitar com companheiro (93,5%). Métodos: Estudo metodológico, em que uma escala de diferencial semântico foi testada através da validade de face e de conteúdo e avaliadas as propriedades psicométricas, através da consistência interna pelo coeficiente Alpha ( ) de Cronbach e da validade de construto nas suas dimensões validade fatorial exploratória e confirmatória, validade convergente e validade discriminante. Resultados: Os resultados da análise fatorial exploratória levaram à obtenção de uma estrutura unifatorial com 7 itens que explicavam no total 79,84% da variância e com um coeficiente alfa de Cronbach de 0,957. Os resultados da análise fatorial confirmatória mostram uma estrutura unifatorial com seis itens e com índices gerais de adequação fiáveis, confirmando a qualidade do ajuste do modelo aos dados empíricos. (x2/gl= 2,885; GFI= 0,985; CFI= 0,995; RMR= 0,029; RMSEA=0,057). Conclusões: Os resultados evidenciam que a escala de qualidade de informação pode ser utilizada como instrumento de pesquisa e de monitorização para avaliar a qualidade de informação ocorrida entre enfermeiros e as clientes alvo dos seus cuidados
Síndrome de Munchausen por procuração: uma revisão narrativa sobre a figura perpétradora
No full textMunchausen Syndrome by Proxy is a type of child abuse, of a rare and unusual nature, which is extremely dangerous for the child. It is also designated as a mental disorder, so it is the perpetrator who receives the diagnosis. The perpetrator figure is defined as narcissistic, hysterical and manipulative, exhibiting pathological lying, which is in line with other personality disorders. Although this is his/her reality at heart, his/her behavior is revealing of too much care and protection towards the child in the presence of others. It s diagnosis is difficult to achieve due to the inherent characteristics of the disorder, to the characterization of the perpetrator’s profile, but also due to the lack of perception by the health professional. This study aims to characterize the perpetrator and his/her behavior. The methodology used includes a narrative literature review and the analysis of some case studies that reveal the predictor behavior. The clear, objective and judicious definition is expected to arouse the curiosity and interest of several professionals in order to boost research, as the literature is not unanimous about the constructs governing this pathological condition. Finally, it is expected to contribute to health care professionals developing skills to timely diagnose this behavior and remain alert to the perpetrator’s friendly manipulative behaviors, without harming the child victim. A Síndrome de Munchausen por Procuração é uma tipologia de abuso infantil, de natureza rara e invulgar, que se revela de extremo perigo para a criança. É também designada como um transtorno mental, sendo por isso o/a perpetrador/a que recebe o diagnóstico. A figura perpetradora é definida como narcisista, histérica e manipuladora, exibindo mentira patológica, o que se coaduna com outros transtornos de personalidade. Embora no seu íntimo esta seja a sua realidade, o seu comportamento é revelador de demasiado cuidado e proteção para com a criança, na presença de outros. O seu diagnóstico é de difícil consecução em virtude das características inerentes ao transtorno, da caracterização do perfil do/a perpetrador/a, mas também devido à falta de perceção pelo profissional de saúde. Este trabalho tem como objetivo caracterizar a figura perpetradora e a sua conduta. Como metodologia procede-se de umarevisão narrativa daliteraturaeanálise de alguns estudos decaso quesão reveladores do comportamento preditor. Projeta-se que a definição clara, objetiva e criteriosa desperte a curiosidade e o interesse de vários profissionais de forma a impulsionar a investigação, pois a literatura não é unânime quanto aos constructos que regem esta condição patológica. Por último, espera-se contribuir para que os profissionais de saúde desenvolvam competências para diagnosticar atempadamente este comportamento e se mantenham alerta perante comportamentos de amistosa manipulação do/a perpetrador/a, sem danos para a criança vítima
Actitudes hacia la monogamia y roles sexuales en jóvenes del sureste de México
Get PDFThe study focused on analyzing the relationship between sexual roles and attitudes towards monogamy, since today, through socialchanges, theconcepts of couple relationships and infidelity have been distorted. A scale was applied to measure beliefs and cultural premises about monogamy, as well as the scale of historical-sociocultural premises of monogamy. The sample relationships were identified between the factors of sexual roles and attitudes towards monogamy that are explained on the basis of socio-cultural aspects and the age of the participants. We conclude that changes in current social dynamics are shaping practices in couple relationships that will require further study. consisted of 430 young adults aged between 17 and 25 years. Significant relationships were identified between the factors of sexual roles and attitudes towards monogamy that are explained on the basis of socio-cultural aspects and the age of the participants. We conclude that changes in current social dynamics are shaping practices in couple relationships that will require further study. El estudio se enfocó en analizar la relación entre los roles sexuales y las actitudes hacia la monogamia, puesto que en la actualidad a través de los cambios sociales se han tergiversado los conceptos de relaciones de pareja e infidelidad. Se aplicó una escala para medir las creencias y premisas culturales a cerca de la monogamia, así como la escala de premisas histórico-socioculturales de la monogamia. La muestra estuvo formada por 430 adultos jóvenes con edades entre 17 y 25 años. Se identificaron relaciones significativas entre los factores de roles sexuales y actitudes ante la monogamia que se explican en la base de aspectos socio culturales y de la edad de los participantes. Concluimos que los cambios en las dinámicas sociales actuales están moldeando las prácticas en las relaciones de pareja que habrá que continuar estudiando
Uso de los dispositivos móviles (Mhealth) en la práctica deportiva en adolescentes
Get PDFThe technologies world form part of all the ambiences of the person s life. Before the continuous update of the personal needs, there arise new apps that do of the life an entertainment and that, in turn, redeem a fundamental work in the methodology of learning of the current education. The present study is composed by a sample of 160 students, 55.62 % women and 44.38 % men, of Secondary Education with a life expectancy of M=14,97 years. Through the statistical study are not obtained significant differences. Can be seen as the use of apps for the practice of sports is widespread amongthis population. El mundo de las tecnologías ya forma parte de todos los ámbitos de la vida de las personas. Ante la continua actualización de las necesidades personales, surgen nuevas aplicaciones que hacen de la vida un entretenimiento y que, a su vez, desempeñan una labor fundamental en la metodología de aprendizaje de la educación actual. El presente estudio está compuesto por una muestra de 60 alumnos, 55.62% mujeres y el 44.38% hombres, de Educación Secundaria con una media de edad de M=14,97 años. A través del estudio estadístico no se obtienen diferencias significativas. Se aprecia como el uso de las apps para la práctica deportiva está muy extendido entre esta población
Estrés y burnout en profesores de educación física
Get PDFThis paper presents a selective review of Burnout Syndrome in Physical education teachers. Most of the studies carried out follow Maslach’s three-dimensional model and use the original Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) or the version for educators (MBI-ES) as an evaluation instrument. Burnout is a progressive process that develops over time and has a very negative effect on physical education teachers, even leading to the abandonment of teaching activity. The prevalence of BS in physical education teachers is similar to that of other school specialties (ranging from 10 to 30%) or even lower. In Physical Education teachers the burnout is the result of the joint interaction of biological, psychological, social, organizational variables and those related to the educational context. En este trabajo se presenta una revisión selectiva sobre el Estrés y el Burnout en los profesores de educación física. La mayoría de los estudios llevados a cabo siguen el modelo tridimensional de Maslach y utilizan como instrumento de evaluación el Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) original o la versión para educadores (MBI-ES). El Burnout es un proceso progresivo que se desarrolla a lo largo del tiempo y tiene un efecto muy negativo en los profesores de educación física, llegando incluso al abandono de la actividad docente. La prevalencia del Síndrome de Burnout en los profesores de educación física es similar al de otras especialidades escolares (oscila del 10 al 30 %) o incluso más baja. En los profesores de Educación Física el proceso de quemarse es el resultado de la interacción conjunta de variables biológicas, psicológicas, sociales, organizacionales y las relacionadas con el contexto educativo
Factores asociados al bienestar socioemocional del alumno con dotación cognitiva en México
Get PDFThis work focuses on concerns, services, and perspectives toward socioemotional wellbeing of gifted students in Mexico, particularly during and after the pandemic. Research on socioemotional issues of gifted students is scarce, hence inferences form studies with the general student population, clinical experiences and personal communications allow to identify three major trends. Findings suggest that there is the relatively low impact of confinement in the long term in previously well-adjusted children, with family support and social networks. Also, there seem to be no significant differences in emotions between gifted and neurotypical children. Twice exceptional children face challenges in the socioemotional sphere, so they must be considered in a different category. Implication for research on emotional domains in both gifted and neurotypical children are discussed. Se revisan factores protectores y de riesgo para del bienestar socioemocional de los alumnos con dotación cognitiva en México, particularmente durante y después de la pandemia. Se reconoce que la información empírica es escasa, por lo que inferencias de estudios paralelos y la revisión teórica y metodológica de factores protectores y de riesgo en una perspectiva del desarrollo pueden otorgar criterios para evaluar la afectación del bienestar durante la pandemia. La revisión lleva a inferir que estos estudiantes han tenido un impacto relativamente leve por el confinamiento, que el estado socioemocional previo es un buen predictor de ajuste y adaptación después de la pandemia y que no hay diferencias significativas entre las emociones de estudiantes dotados y neurotípicos. Se argumenta que, desde el punto de vista socioemocional, los alumnos con doble excepcionalidad deben considerarse como una categoría aparte. Se discuten las implicaciones para la investigación en esta área con alumnos dotados y neurotípicos
Análisis del impacto del sistema de garantía de la calidad de las facultades y escuelas universitarias de Andalucía "Implanta": empleabilidad de los egresados
No full textIn the process of evaluating university centers, an administrative structure has been developed at a national and regional level, and, not to be outdone, the universities themselves have created their own methods, in which everything is measured except what really matters: Are the graduates produced to access the labor market in their training area? Obviously, the answer is mostly negative, since unemployment in the university graduate sector is extremely high, compared to other European countries, and even when compared to universities in the north and center of Spain. The follow-up of graduates is carried out in an Andalusian university, from the granting of the project 1 disparate results according to the studies completed; the level of employment after a period after finishing the studies is high in medical qualifications, and, to a lesser extent, in engineering. In careers related to the social sciences and humanities, the results are unsatisfactory and should therefore be reviewed. For this reason, there is a need to review the current systems for measuring the quality of educational centers with the future implementation of the new Implanta system, so that they incorporate the analysis of the situation of graduates into university policy and further oriented towards these interests. En el proceso de evaluación de los centros universitarios se ha desarrollado una estructura administrativa a nivel nacional y regional, y, para no ser menos, las propias universidades han creado sus propios métodos, en los quese mide detodo,salvo lo querealmenteimporta:¿están lostituladoscapacitados paraaccederal mercado de trabajo en su área de formación? La respuesta es, mayoritariamente, negativa, pues el paro en el sector de egresados universitarios es extremadamente alto, con respecto a otros países europeos, o con los de las universidades del norte y centro de España. El seguimiento de egresados se realiza, en una universidad andaluza, a partir de la concesión del proyecto1 resultados dispares según los estudios cursados; el nivel de empleo tras un período tras acabar los estudios es elevado en titulaciones médicas, y, en menor medida, en ingenierías. En carreras relacionadas con las ciencias sociales y humanidades, los resultados son insatisfactorios y por tanto deberían revisarse. Por ello se plantea la necesidad de revisión de los sistemas actuales de medición de la calidad de los centros docentes con la futura puesta en marcha del nuevo sistema Implanta, para que incorporen el análisis de la situación de los egresados en la política universitaria y que se oriente en mayor medida hacia estos intereses
Análisis de los trabajos académicos del área de geriatría y gerontología en la escuela de enfermería de Zamora, Universidad de Salamanca
Get PDFIn Nursing Degree studies, the student must know the most frequent health problems in the elderly and know how to select the most appropriate interventions. In a transversal way, the student must acquire the competence to investigate in the different nursing subjects studied. To contribute to achieve these competencies, in the EUE of Zamora, a group work of bibliographic review in the subject of Geriatrics and Gerontology Nursing is programmed, with 15 works carried out since the 2019/20 academic year. In addition, one of the research lines of the Final Degree Project (TFG) corresponds to this subject. There are 442 students who have presented their TFG since the 2013/14 academic year; 24 of them are related to the theme of Geriatrics. Most of the works (60%) are bibliographic reviews, followed by clinical cases, descriptive works and research projects. With this observational study, it is perceived that the typology of the bibliographic review predominates and that the works have been published in journals: INFAD, in the Gredos USAL repository, in the TFG Grupo Paradigma repository, in addition to being presented at conferences and congresses, highlighting the Congress Silver Economy, where all the works of the Geriatric and Gerontological Nursing subject have been presented. We mustencourageresearch in thefield ofageing, taking into account demographics and the very reasons on which the specialty is based.En los estudios de Grado en Enfermería, el alumno debe conocer los problemas de salud más frecuentes en las personas mayores y saber seleccionar las intervenciones más adecuadas. De forma transversal, el estudiante debe adquirir la competencia de investigar en las diferentes materias de enfermería estudiadas. Para contribuir a alcanzar dichas competencias, en la EUE de Zamora, se programa, desde el curso 2019/20, un trabajo grupal de revisión bibliográfica en la asignatura de Enfermería Geriatría y Gerontología, siendo 15 los trabajos realizados. Además, una de las líneas de investigación del Trabajo Fin de Grado (TFG) corresponde a esta materia. Son 442 los alumnos que han presentado sus TFG desde el curso 2013/14; 24 de ellos están relacionados con la temática de Geriatría. La mayoría de los trabajos (60 %) son revisiones bibliográficas, seguido de los casos clínicos, trabajos descriptivos y proyectos de investigación. Con este estudio observacional se percibe que predomina la tipología de la revisión bibliográfica y que los trabajos han sido publicados en revistas: INFAD, en el repositorio Gredos USAL, en el repositorio TFG Grupo Paradigma, además de presentarse en jornadas y congresos, destacando el Congreso Silver Economy, donde se han presentado todos los trabajos de la asignatura de Enfermería Geriátrica y Gerontológica. Debemos fomentar la investigación en el campo del envejecimiento, teniendo en cuenta la demografía y las propias razones en las que se sustenta la especialidad.
Clima motivacional, ansiedad y autoconcepto físico y emocional en estudiantes de educación federados y no federados. Un modelo de educaciones estructurales
No full textOne of the most studied factors in sport psychology is sport motivation in amateur and high performance athletes. The present study aims to establish the relationship between motivational climate towards sport, anxiety and emotional and physical self-concept in amateur and high performance athletes and to identify and clarify the relationships between motivational climate, anxiety, emotional and physical self-concept. A total of 1434 participants between the ages of 18 and 31 years participated in the study, using a self-recording sheet for the collection of sociodemographic variables and the questionnaires of Motivational Climate PMCSQ-2, Beck Anxiety Inventory and the Self-Concept Form 5. The results show that being an amateur or high performance athlete influences the orientation of sport motivation, which in turn influences the development of physical and emotional self-concept, as well as the increase or decrease of anxiety levels.Uno de los factores más estudiados en la psicología del deporte es la motivación deportiva en deportistas amateurs y de alto rendimiento. El presente estudio tiene los objetivos de establecer la relación entre clima motivacional hacia el deporte, ansiedad y autoconcepto emocional y físico en deportistas amateurs y de alto rendimiento e identificar y clarificar las relaciones existentes entre el clima motivacional, ansiedad, autoconcepto emocional y físico. Para ello han participado un total de 1434 participantes cuyas edades comprendían entre los 18 y 31 años, utilizándose una hoja de auto registro destinada a la recogida de variables sociodemográficas y los cuestionarios de clima motivacional pmcsq-2, inventario de ansiedad de beck y el autoconcepto forma 5. Los resultados arrojan que el ser deportista amateur o de alto rendimiento influye en la orientación de la motivación deportiva, influyendo esta a su vez en el desarrollo del autoconcepto físico y emocional, así como en el aumento o disminución de los niveles de ansiedad
Afectación psicológica de los profesionales sanitarios de la gerencia de emergencias sanitarias de Castilla y León durante la pandemia Covid-19
Get PDFObjective: To analyze the stress, anxiety and depression levels of the Health Professionals of the Emergency Medical Service (EMS) of Castilla y León during the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as to determine their association with certain factors. Methods: A cross-sectional study was designed. All Health Professionals who were working in the EMS of Castilla y León between 02/01/2021 and 04/30/2021 were included. Their levels of stress, anxiety and depression, assessed using the DASS-21, were the main outcome of the study. Socio-demographic, labor and COVID-19-related variables were also collected and their possible association with the aforementioned psychological variables was studied through univariate and multivariate analysis. Results: EMS Health Professionals obtained a mean score of 19.60 (SD ± 11.14) for stress, 12.30 (SD ± 11.45) for anxiety and 15.14 (SD ± 11.52) for depression. Being a woman was associated with severe and/or extremely severe values of stress (OR 1.861; 95%CI 1.026-3.377), anxiety (OR 3.319; 95%CI 1.696-6.495) and depression (OR 2.334; 95%CI 1.275-4.272); having previously required psychotherapy and/or psychotropic drugs, with severe or extremely severe values of stress (OR 4.762; 95%CI 2.332-9.728) and anxiety (OR 4.059; 95%CI 1.921-8.576); while working as TES, with severe or extremely severe values of anxiety (OR 5.143; 95%CI 2.633-10.049) and depression (OR 2.211; 95%CI 1.220-4.004). Conclusion: EMS Health Professionals of Castilla y León presented medium-high levels of stress, anxiety and depression during the pandemic. There are socio- demographic, labor and COVID-19-related factors that are associated with greater psychological involvement.Objetivo: Analizar los niveles de estrés, ansiedad y depresión de los profesionales sanitarios del Servicio de Emergencias Médicas (SEM) de Castilla y León durante la pandemia por COVID-19, así como determinar su asociación con determinados factores. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo transversal en el que se incluyeron a todos los profesionales sanitarios que entre el 01/02/2021 y el 30/04/2021 se encontraban trabajando en el SEM de Castilla y León. Sus niveles de estrés, ansiedad y depresión, evaluado mediante la escala DASS-21, fueron los resultados principales del estudio. Se recogieron también variables socio-demográficas, laborales y relacionadas con la COVID-19 y se estudió su posible asociación con las variables psicológicas citadas mediante un análisis univariante y multivariante. Resultados: Los profesionales sanitarios del SEM obtuvieron una puntuación media de 19.60 (DE ± 11.14) para estrés, 12.30 (DE ± 11.45) para ansiedad y 15.14 (DE ± 11.52) para depresión. Ser mujer se asoció con valores graves o extremadamente graves de estrés (OR 1.861; IC95% 1.026-3.377), ansiedad (OR 3.319; IC95% 1.696-6.495) y depresión (OR 2.334; IC95% 1.275-4.272); haber precisado psicoterapia y/o psicofármacos previamente, con valores graves o extremadamente graves de estrés (OR 4.762; IC95% 2.332-9.728) y ansiedad (OR 4.059; IC95% 1.921-8.576); mientras que trabajar como TES, con valores graves o extremadamente graves de ansiedad (OR 5.143; IC95% 2.633- 10.049) y depresión (OR 2.211; IC95% 1.220-4.004). Conclusión: Los profesionales sanitarios del SEM de Castilla y León presentaron niveles medios-elevados de estrés, ansiedad y depresión durante la pandemia. Existen factores socio-demográficas, laborales y relacionados con la COVID-19 que se asocian con una mayor afectación psicológica