International Journal of Developmental and Educational Psychology (Revista INFAD de Psicología)
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El buen uso de la razón depende de las emociones
Get PDFGetting to know the capacities and limitations of the reasoning brain can help us to understand why some learning situations are efficient while others are not. Brain imaging techniques can offer this information, hence current neuroscience is inclined to use service-learning methodologies which include emotion when measuring mental and brain learning efficiency. In this paper we collect results from empirical research on logico-emotional training based in control by inhibition strategies. This strategy consists in training subjects in self-instructions to avoid falling into the perceptive pairing bias. Results show an increase in the percentage of success from 10% to 90% of the trained subjects, as opposed to subjects trained with other methodologies commonly used in the classroom. As a conclusion, it has been shown that brain activity hints of metacognition imply a deeper and more successful learning experience in the teacher/pupil diad.Conocer las capacidades y limitaciones del cerebro que razona puede ayudarnos a entender por qué algunas situaciones de aprendizaje son eficaces y otras o no. Las imágenes cerebrales proporcionan esta información de modo que la neurociencia actual se inclina por metodologías de enseñanza-aprendizaje que incluyen la emoción al apreciar su eficacia a nivel mental y cerebral. En este artículo se recogen los resultados de investigaciones apoyadas en el entrenamiento logicoemocional fundamentado en la estrategia control por inhibición. Esta estrategia consiste en entrenar al sujeto en autoinstrucciones para impedir que caiga en la trampa de sesgo de emparejamiento perceptivo. Los resultados muestran un aumento de porcentaje de éxito de un 10% a un 90% en los sujetos entrenados en este tipo de práctica, frente a sujetos entrenados con otro tipo de metodologías utilizadas frecuentemente en las escuelas. Conclusión, “sentir la sensación de lo que sucede” conlleva una experiencia de aprendizaje más comprometida y exitosa en la díada maestro/aprendiz
Programas de innovación intergeneracional en centros educativos rurales
Get PDFThere were always populations in which the older age group remained as the majority remain tapart and obsolete regarding activities and most dynamic circuits of occupation. Currently this aspect affects more rural settings where, in most cases, a progressive aging process that reverses to a reduction in quality public services is appreciated. In order to try to alleviate this fact, the intergenerational program “Our elders, our wealth” surges as a multidisciplinary and intergenerational tool, promoting various core competencies in students at the primary institution Princesa de España, through inter-group dynamics; based on dialogic learning principles, which promote the development of social skills and sharing knowledge gained through experience. The aim of the project focuses on improving the quality of education offered in rural centers through the active integration of older people as valuable human resource because they have training, experience, knowledge and skills. Also, to promote the creation of a framework to move beyond dependence to reach interdependence. The goal is to get relationships that are reciprocal and exceed the scheme of mere univocal service in order to promote in students positive attitudes toward the elderly, establish activities associated with active and healthy aging in older people, and create habits intergenerational respect and collaboration through cooperative work.Siempre hubo poblaciones en las que los mayores se quedaban como grupo mayoritario por verse apartadas y obsoletas respecto a las actividades y circuitos de ocupación más dinámicos. Actualmente este aspecto afecta en mayor medida a los contextos rurales donde, en la mayoría de los casos se aprecia un proceso de envejecimiento progresivo que revierte en una reducción de servicios públicos de calidad. Con el fin de intentar paliar este hecho, surge el Proyecto Intergeneracional “Nuestros mayores, nuestra riqueza” como herramienta multidisciplinar e intergeneracional de fomento de diversas competencias básicas en el alumnado del Colegio Princesa de España, a través de dinámicas grupales intergeneracionales, basadas en los principios del aprendizaje dialógico, que promuevan el desarrollo de habilidades sociales e intercambio de conocimientos adquiridos a través de la experiencia.El objetivo del proyecto se centra en mejorar la calidad de la enseñanza ofertada en centros rurales a través de la integración activa de las personas mayores como recurso humano valioso pues poseen formación, experiencia, conocimientos y aptitudes. Así como, promover la creación de un marco que permite ir más allá de la dependencia para llegar a la interdependencia. La apuesta es conseguir relaciones que sean recíprocas y que superen el esquema del mero servicio unívoco, con el fin de promover en el alumnado actitudes positivas hacia las personas mayores, establecer actividades asociadas al envejecimiento activo y saludable en las personas mayores, y crear hábitos de respeto y colaboración intergeneracional a través del trabajo cooperativo.
Anxiety toward mathematics on “telesecundaria” students
Get PDFThe aim of this study is to measure the level of anxiety toward math among students from a high school located in the city of Veracruz, Mexico. It is an explanatory correlational analysis with a non-experimental cross-sectional study design that supports the questionnaire developed by Muñoz and Mato-Vázquez (2008) and employing the technique of factor analysis to measure five dimensions of anxiety: towards the evaluation, toward temporality, toward understanding problems, numerical operations and toward real-life situations. The instrument was applied to 123 students. The results indicate that of all dimensions evaluated, students feel more anxiety toward evaluation and application of mathematics in real life situations is the dimension that generates less anxiety.The aim of this study is to measure the level of anxiety toward math among students from a high school located in the city of Veracruz, Mexico. It is an explanatory correlational analysis with a non-experimental cross-sectional study design that supports the questionnaire developed by Muñoz and Mato-Vázquez (2008) and employing the technique of factor analysis to measure five dimensions of anxiety: towards the evaluation, toward temporality, toward understanding problems, numerical operations and toward real-life situations. The instrument was applied to 123 students. The results indicate that of all dimensions evaluated, students feel more anxiety toward evaluation and application of mathematics in real life situations is the dimension that generates less anxiety
Effetti benefici della MT in classe: riduzione dell’ansia nei docenti
Get PDFThis research aims at the assessment of healthy effects of the Transcendental Meditation (TM) on anxiety among teachers. Indipendent scientific researches, all over the world, have proved that the category of teachers, among the so called helping professions, is mainly undergoing stress. We must care, and cure, our educational spaces, both promoters and users of education, going directly to the core of the matter, giving a scientific support to help teachers in their hard job. The idea comes out from the more and more increasing international interest, during last years, towards the TM and the evaluation of results obtained in schools of all over the world where it is practised: reduction of stress, anxiety, depression, substance abuse, improvement of integration of personality, behaviour, intelligence and so long.This research examines a sample of teachers of the Secondary School 1st Grade, in Sicily, practicing the TM, in classroom together with their pupils too, and assesses state and trait anxiety factors, compared with a group with the same characteristics (geographical location , age, sex, etc...) not practicing TM. Analysis of data shows how useful is this pratice against the stereotype of the “sluggard and lazy teacher” and why the TM positive effects on stressors can be a great help to our suffering school system.Questa ricerca mira alla valutazione degli effetti benefici della Meditazione Trascendentale sull’ansia dei docenti. Indipendenti ricerche scientifiche di tutto il mondo hanno povato che la categoria degli insegnanti, fra le cosiddette helping professions, è quella maggiormente sottoposta a stress. Dobbiamo avere a cuore, e curare, i nostri spazi educativi, i promotori e i beneficiari dell’educazione, andando direttamente al nocciolo del problema, dando un supporto scientifico per aiutare gli insegnanti nel loro difficile lavoro.L’idea nasce dal sempre maggiore interesse internazionale, negli ultimi anni, verso la MT e la valutazione dei risultati ottenuti nelle scuole di tutto il mondo in cui essa viene praticata: riduzione di stress, ansia, depressione, abuso di sostanze, miglioramento nella formazione della personalità, del comportamento, dell’intelligenza ed altro.Questa ricerca esamina un campione di docenti di Scuola Secondaria di Primo Grado, in Sicilia, che pratica la MT, anche in classe insieme agli alunni, e valuta i fattori dell’ansia di stato e di tratto, paragonato con un gruppo di stesse catatteristiche (ubicazione geografica, età, sesso, ecc...) non praticante la MT.L’analisi dei dati mostra l’utilità di tale pratica di contro allo stereotipo dell’ “insegnante fannullone” e perchè gli effetti positivi della MT sui fattori di stress possono essere un grande aiuto al nostro sistema scolastico sofferente
Inteligencia espiritual. Conceptualización y cartografía psicológica
Get PDFIn the last two decades of the XXth century, Gardner presents and disseminates his theory of multiple intelligences, initially establishing eight types of intelligences. Then he points to the possible existence of another kind of intelligence, for which there is not sufficient scientific evidence: “the existential intelligence”. Since the beginning of the XXIth century, positive psychology approaches forward to studying this kind of intelligence: the so-called “spiritual intelligence”. In this communication the concept of spiritual intelligence is reviewed. Then, studies on brain location of this mental faculty are presented, with the discovery of multiple brain areas involved on it. We then reflect on its nature as a genuinely human mental function. Like language, it needs to be developed from the infancy, in a family and social context. Finally, the importance of promoting it through education arises.En las dos últimas décadas del siglo XX, Gardner presenta y difunde su teoría de las inteligencias múltiples, estableciendo inicialmente ocho tipos de inteligencia. Apunta posteriormente la existencia de otro tipo, para la que no tiene suficientes evidencias científicas: la inteligencia existencial. Desde comienzos del siglo XXI, la psicología positiva se aproxima con interés al estudio de este tipo de inteligencia: la denominada inteligencia espiritual. En la presente comunicación se revisa el concepto de Inteligencia espiritual. Seguidamente se presentan los estudios realizados sobre la localización cerebral de esta facultad, con el hallazgo de múltiples áreas cerebrales implicadas. A continuación se reflexiona sobre su carácter de función mental genuinamente humana. Como el lenguaje, necesita ser desarrollada desde la crianza, en un contexto social y familiar. Finalmente se plantean algunas reflexiones educativas
Valores e crenças sobre sexualidade, maternidade e aborto
Get PDFBackgroud: Teenagers’ and young adults’ values and beliefs on sexuality, motherhood and abortion are determined by a multiplicity of factors of individual nature and of sociocultural order.Objectives: Analyze if the sociodemographic, affective, sexual and reproductive variables, influence values and beliefs about sexuality, motherhood and abortion on higher education students.Methodology: Quantitative, descriptive-correlational and transversal study, with a sample of 641 students (average age of 20.62 years old, sd± 2.145 years old), female (64.9%). The investigation’s protocol was the questionnaire that allowed characterizing the sociodemographic, affective, reproductive and sexually sample. Yet including the Values and Beliefs on Sexuality, Motherhood/Fatherhood and Abortion scale (Serene, Loyal and Maroco, 2009).Results: Male students manifest more beliefs on terms of motherhood, reproduction. Female students reveal more beliefs when it comes to affection, abortion and pleasure. Residents in urban areas manifest more beliefs when it comes to motherhood. Residents in rural areas have more beliefs and values toward reproduction, abortion. 2nd year students revealed more values and beliefs toward motherhood and reproduction. 1st year students manifested more values and beliefs to affection and pleasure. 3rd year students revealed more values and beliefs towards abortion. That are dating and that have already begun their sexual life obtained more beliefs in all dimensions, especially when it comes to values and beliefs toward pleasure. The ones that don’t use any kind of contraceptive method obtained higher values when it comes to motherhood, reproduction, abortion and values and beliefs in general, whereas the ones that use contraceptive methods obtained more in affection and in pleasure.Conclusion: The results suggest the need to debate the questions on motherhood, abortion and sexuality with young adults, in context of higher education, in order to enable them to the informed decision making, thus contributing to the promotion of sexual and reproductive health.Enquadramento: Os valores e as crenças dos adolescentes e jovens adultos sobre a sexualidade, maternidade e aborto são determinados por uma multiplicidade de fatores de natureza individual e de ordem sociocultural.Objetivos: Analisar se as variáveis sociodemográficas afectivas, sexuais e reprodutivas influenciam os valores e crenças sobre a sexualidade, maternidade e aborto nos estudantes do ensino superior.Metodologia: Estudo quantitativo, descritivo-correlacional e transversal, com uma amostra de 641 estudantes (idade média de 20.62, dp± 2.145 anos), maioritariamente feminina (64.9%), O protocolo de investigação foi o questionário que permitiu caracterizar a amostra sociodemográfica, afetiva, reprodutiva e sexualmente. Inclui ainda a escala de Valores e Crenças sobre Sexualidade, Maternidade/Paternidade e Aborto (Sereno, Leal y Maroco, 2009).Resultados: Os estudantes do sexo masculino manifestam mais crenças em termos de maternidade, reprodução. As estudantes revelam mais crenças em relação à afetividade, aborto e prazer. Os residentes em meio urbano manifestam mais crenças em relação à maternidade. Os residentes em meio rural têm mais valores e crenças face à reprodução, aborto. Os estudantes a frequentarem o 2.º ano manifestaram mais valores e crenças face à maternidade e reprodução; os do 1º ano pontuaram mais nos valores e crenças em relação à afetividade e no prazer; os do 3.º ano possuem mais valores e crenças perante o aborto. Os estudantes que namoram e que já iniciaram a vida sexual pontuaram mais em todas as dimensões, com destaque para os valores e crenças face ao prazer. Os que não utilizam algum método anticoncetivo apresentam valores mais elevados em relação à maternidade, reprodução, aborto e valores e crenças na globalidade, enquanto os que utilizamalgum método contracetivo pontuaram mais na afetividade e no prazer.Conclusão: Os resultados sugerem necessidade de debater as questões relativas à maternidade, paternidade, aborto e sexualidade com jovens adultos, em contexto de ensino superior, no sentido de os capacitar para a tomada de decisão informada, contribuindo desta forma para a promoção da saúde sexual e reprodutiva
Abordaje de la comunicación en un caso de afasia global
Get PDFGlobal aphasia is an acquired language disorder that seriously affects comprehension, language expression, reading and writing, showing a right hemiplegia. Because of this inability to process language and these motor difficulties, global aphasia is the worst prognosis aphasia. Sometimes patient’s rehabilitation abilities to take advantage of rehabilitation and to restore a functional communicative interaction with the environment are underestimated. Here we report a case in which a patient with global aphasia comes in the healthcare service of the Pontificia University of Salamanca after an unsuccessful period of traditional rehabilitation and recovers some communication skills through training in communication through signs.La afasia global es un trastorno adquirido del lenguaje que afecta gravemente a la expresión, la comprensión, la lectura y escritura, cursando además con una hemiplejia derecha. Esta imposibilidad para el procesamiento del lenguaje y las dificultades motrices la convierte en la afasia de peor pronóstico. de esta forma, en algunas ocasiones se sibestiman las capacidades del enfermo para aprovechar la rehabilitación y poder reestablecer una interacción comunicativa funcional con el entorno. presentamos un caso en el que un paciente con afasia global acude al ServicioAsistencial de la Universidad Pontificia de Salamanca. TRas un periodo de rehabilitación tradicional, sin éxito, logra recuperar cierta capacidad de comunicación a través de un entrenamiento en comunicación signada
Amor, deseo y sexualidad en la edad madura
Get PDFThe workshop “Love, desire and sexuality in the middle age” is a guided reflection around the social determinants of sexuality in middle age. These are based on a model of natural sexuality that hides and stereotype the sexuality of elder people, impacting on their own subjectivity and the care offered (or ignored) to their needs of sexuality. Sexuality is a closely related aspect to the psychosocial well-being, so it is crucial to think about on those elements that obstruct a satisfactory experience of it.El taller “Amor, deseo y sexualidad en la edad madura” favorece una reflexión guiada en torno a los condicionantes sociales de la sexualidad en la edad madura. Éstos se basan en un modelo de sexualidad natural que invisibiliza y estereotipa la sexualidad de las personas mayores, impactando tanto en su propia subjetividad como en la atención que se ofrece (o se ignora) a sus necesidades en materia de sexualidad. La sexualidad es un aspecto íntimamente relacionado con el bienestar psicosocial, por lo que es fundamental reflexionar sobre qué elementos dificultan una vivencia satisfactoria de la misma.
Fratelli germani: analisi del vissuto attraverso il design della famiglia
No full textIs meant to highlight how the approach to disability of a child has now acquired sense and meaning only if it is the whole world familiar to be taken into consideration, with particular reference to the siblings. In particular, you want to seize, on a sample of 100 siblings, divided into a reference group and one in the control group, the main relational dynamics of typically developing siblings, basic representations and, especially, the indicators of potential risk factors and protective factors compared to the event disability of brother/sister. The heart of this work will be the analysis of associated factors, prototypes and experiences expressed through the drawing of the family and the investigation. You want to activate a search can offer the ability to track down specific elements in regard to their skills, experienced resilience in correlation with the support network or not.Si intende mettere in evidenza come l’approccio alla disabilità di un bambino ha ormai acquisito senso e significato solamente se è l’intero mondo familiare ad essere preso in considerazione, con particolare riferimento ai siblings. In particolare, si vogliono cogliere, su un campione di 100 siblings, diviso in un gruppo di riferimento e uno in gruppo di controllo, le principali dinamiche relazionali dei fratelli con sviluppo tipico, le rappresentazioni di base e, soprattutto, gli indicatori di potenziali fattori di rischio e fattori protettivi rispetto all’evento disabilità del fratello/sorella.Il cuore di questo lavoro sarà l’analisi dei vissuti prototipi e i fattori ad esso associati, espresso mediante il disegno della famiglia e l’inchiesta associata. Si desidera attivare una ricerca in grado di offrire la possibilità di rintracciare, nel vissuto, elementi specifici in ordine alle proprie competenze di resilienza in correlazione con la rete di supporto o meno.
Desarrollo emocional en la infancia. Un estudio sobre las competencias emocionales de niños y niñas.
Get PDFThis research has the purpose of evaluating emotional development in the student body during pre-school education in the second course of the second cycle of this stage (N = 123). To this end, children emotional competences have been analyzed. Specifically, emotional awareness, emotional regulation, social competence and life skills for welfare. Furthermore, the results obtained by little girls and boys have been compared in each dimension, with the aim of recognizing the influence of the sex of the infant during his emotional management.The results show significant differences depending on the sex of the children in the global level of emotional competence and in three of the four dimensions which it is composed. Moreover, the study evidences the necessity of evaluating emotional processes during the infancy with the objective of improving social and emotional competences of the student body of Pre-school education and increasing them throughout their academic training for their development.Este estudio tiene como objetivo la evaluación del desarrollo emocional de alumnado de Educación Infantil escolarizado en 2º Curso del Segundo Ciclo de esta etapa (N=123). Para este fin, se han analizado las competencias emocionales de los menores. Concretamente, la conciencia emocional, la regulación emocional, la competencia social y las habilidades de vida para el bienestar. Además, se han comparado los resultados obtenidos por los niños y por las niñas en cada dimensión, a fin de conocer la influencia del sexo del menor en su desarrollo emocional.Los resultados muestran diferencias significativas en función de la variable sexo en el nivel global de competencia emocional y en tres de las cuatro dimensiones que lo componen. El estudio evidencia además, la necesidad de evaluar los procesos emocionales en la infancia para favorecer una mejora en las competencias socio-emocionales del alumnado de Educación Infantil e incrementarlas a lo largo de su formación académica para su desarrollo integral.