International Journal of Developmental and Educational Psychology (Revista INFAD de Psicología)
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Youth Empowerment towards Social Responsibility through Service-Learning Program: an Exploratory Analysis of a Private High School in Dubai, United Arab of Emirates
Get PDFThis study investigates student personal development and sense of social responsibility through a service-learning program in a private high school in Dubai-UAE. This study utilized a qualitative research approach with a single case study design to provide a rich and contextualized picture of the program from multiple perspectives (school leadership, teachers, service-learning team and students). Data was collected through triangulation by means of semi-structured interviews, focus groups, participatory and non-participatory observations, field notes, artifacts, and document analysis. Content analysis was used in analyzing the collected data to identify emerging themes and patterns related to service-learning and its effect upon students. The study’s findings revealed that the school applied essential elements of service-learning. The participants of the service-learning program exhibited social responsibilities of greater community awareness, teamwork, commitment to community, gained self-esteem, and self satisfaction as they reflected on their ability to accomplish their tasks. This study’s goal is to bring about educational policy pertaining to service-learning as a legitimate educational pedagogy to be adopted in the UAE schools. This study hopes to contribute to service-learning program research and enrich knowledge and best practices in the UAE and worldwide
Relación entre la autoestima y la satisfacción con la vida en una muestra de estudiantes universitarios
Get PDFNew demands and transitional changes during university stage can be a source of stress for university students, having an important effect on their well-being (Gutiérrez et al., 2010). The purpose of this study was to analyze the predictive ability of self-esteem on life satisfaction –cognitive component of subjective well-being-. The sample consisted of 150 students (72% women, 28% men) attending to different degrees at the University of Cadiz and whose average age was 21.62 ( S D = 3.59, range = 18-48). The Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale R S E S - (Rosenberg, 1965; Spanish version by Salgado and Iglesias, 1995) and the Life Satisfaction Scale S W L S - (Diener, Emmons, Larsen and Griffin, 1985; Spanish version by Atienza, Pons, Balaguer and García-Merita, 2000) were administered. Hierarchical regression analysis carried out indicated that all the variables entered explained 34.4% of the variance in life satisfaction (R2 = .34), although 32,6% was due to the influence of selfesteem, being its predictive ability positive and statistically significant (β=.61). These results were confirmed independently of the possible effect of age, sex, and students’ degree. These data provide empirical support concerning the importance of developing programs that reinforce students’ selfesteem enhancing, simultaneously, global life satisfaction levels.Las nuevas exigencias y cambios transicionales durante la etapa universitaria pueden suponer una fuente de estrés en el alumnado repercutiendo notablemente sobre su bienestar (Gutiérrez et al., 2010). El propósito de este estudio fue analizar la capacidad predictiva de la autoestima sobre la satisfacción con la vida –componente cognitivo del bienestar subjetivo-. La muestra estuvo conformada por 150 estudiantes (72% mujeres, 28% hombres) pertenecientes a diferentes grados de la Universidad de Cádiz cuya media de edad fue 21,62 ( S D = 3.59, rango= 18-48). Se administró la Escala de Autoestima de Rosenberg – R S E S - (Rosenberg, 1965; adaptación al castellano de Salgado e Iglesias, 1995) y la Escala de Satisfacción con la Vida – S W L S - (Diener, Emmons, Larsen y Griffin, 1985; adaptación al castellano de Atienza, Pons, Balaguer y García-Merita, 2000). Los análisis de regresión jerárquica realizados indicaron que todas las variables introducidas explicaban el 34,4% de la varianza de la satisfacción con la vida (R2= .34), si bien el 32,6% se debía a la influencia de la autoestima, siendo su capacidad predictiva positiva y estadísticamente significativa (β=.61). Estos resultados se confirmaron con independencia del posible efecto de la edad, el sexo y la titulación cursada por el alumnado universitario. Estos datos aportan apoyo empírico sobre la importancia de desarrollar programas que refuercen la autoestima de estudiantes universitarios, pues simultáneamente se incrementarían los niveles de satisfacción global con la vida
Actitudes hacia la sexualidad y bienestar psicológico en personas mayores.
Get PDFThe study of the factors that influence the active and healthy aging process is one of the main interests of psychogerontology. In this sense, psychological well-being is a reliable indicator that ensures the success of this process, while sexuality becomes a relevant modulating variable. The aim of this paper is to determine if attitudes towards sexuality and psychological well-being of ederly people are modulated by residence type, marital status and degree of autonomy. For this purpose, Ageing Attitude Scale on Sexuality and Psychological Well-Being Scale is used in a sample of 70 people, 35 women and 35 men, from 65 to 95 years old (M = 76.78; DT = 8.3). The results show that, in general, more liberal attitudes towards sexuality and greater psychological well-being are significantly associated with living outside residential institutions and maintaining a sentimental relationship with a stable partner. On the other hand, the degree of autonomy only obtains statistical significance in psychological well-being but not in attitudes towards sexuality. In conclusion, ederly people represent a stigmatised segment of the population (with many associated myths and negative beliefs), for this reason, this study contributes to create a positive conception of the aging process, normalizing behaviors and emphasizing the variables to be considered in the elaboration of intervention programs.El estudio de los factores que influyen en el proceso de envejecimiento activo y saludable constituye uno de los principales intereses de la psicogerontología. En este sentido, el bienestar psicológico es un indicador fiable que asegura el éxito de dicho proceso, mientras que la sexualidad se convierte en una variable moduladora relevante. El objetivo de este trabajo es determinar si las actitudes hacia la sexualidad y el bienestar psicológico de las personas mayores están moduladas por el tipo de residencia, el estado civil y el grado de autonomía. Para ello se utiliza la Escala de Actitudes sobre la Sexualidad en la Vejez y la Escala de Bienestar Psicológico en una muestra de 70 personas, 35 mujeres y 35 hombres, con edades comprendidas entre los 65 y los 95 años (M = 76.78; DT = 8.3). Los resultados revelan que, en general, las actitudes más liberales hacia la sexualidad y el mayor grado de bienestar psicológico se asocian significativamente con el hecho de vivir fuera de las instituciones residenciales y mantener una relación sentimental con una pareja estable. Por su parte, el grado de autonomía solo alcanza significación estadística en el bienestar psicológico, pero no en las actitudes hacia la sexualidad. Puesto que las personas mayores representan un sector de la población estigmatizado (con numerosos mitos y creencias negativas asociadas), este estudio contribuye a crear una concepción más positiva del proceso de envejecimiento, normalizando los comportamientos y enfatizando las variables a considerar en la elaboración de programas de optimización evolutiva
Optimism and resilience among university students
Get PDFUniversity life is full of stressful stimuli that can contribute to psychological distress and lower performance levels. Despite academic demands, university students also face new stressors, such as different social networks, financial changes, and adaptation to new family and social roles that may have a negative impact on their mental health (Pidgeon y Pickett, 2017). In this sense, resilience literature has gained acceptance explaining how some students successfully adapt to university life while others find great challenges. Since resilience has been defined as the ability to successfully adapt in the face of stress and adversity, it is important to determine what psychological factors contribute enhancing this resilience levels. One of the factors related to life adaptation is optimism, understood as the general expectancy of obtaining positive outcomes in the future (Scheier y Carver, 1985). Hence, the aim of this study is to study the relationship between optimism and resilience among a sample of university students in Spain.The sample was comprised of 132 students from the University of Cádiz (Spain). Participants were selected by quota sampling from first to last year of studies. The majority of students (72.5%) were female and average age was 21.71 (range = 18–48, SD = 3.75). Participants completed the Wagnild and Young Resilience Scale (Spanish version adapted by Novella, 2002) and Life Orientation Test (LOT-R Spanish version adapted by Ferrando, Chico y Tous).We performed hierarchical multiple regression analysis and obtained that optimism explained 25% of resilience among university students (R2 = .25, â = .49). No gender and age differences were observed. Thus, identifying the factors that influence students’ adjustment to university life can improve the targeting of interventions to improve university academic performance. Moreover, this research could contribute helping students to successfully face this life transition, increasing their well-being and life satisfaction levels and decreasing university absenteeism
Saúde escolar em jovens adolescentes: fatores de proteção
Get PDFThe protective factors can be defined as an influence which prevents, limits or reduces risk factors over time. It is the objective of this study to analyze the perception of the young students in relation to the protection factors. It is a descriptive, transversal and analytical study with a quantitative approach. The data collection instrument consists of the Global School-Based Studying Health Survey (GSHS), to which characterization issues were associated. Regarding protection factors are considered two, friends and parents or caregivers. The sample consists of 212 young students, mostly female (54.7%), aged between 12 and 18 years, living with both parents. (72.2%), attend between the 7th and the 12th year of schooling. Friends (77,8%) are kind almost always or always. Regarding parents and caregivers, 87.3% of the respondents stated that they were always aware of the times they missed school; 40.6% verified homework; 62.3% listened to their problems and concerns; 73.6% said they had been advised; 62.7% say that parents know what their children do in their free time; 68.9 claim that they never felt ignored; also say that parents have an interest in knowing who their friends are and how they spend money (51% and 45.3%, respectively). It was verified association between feeling ignored by parents with feel alone and checking homework; and between where they spend money with be counseled and feel alone. The peer group and the parents are determinants in the behavior of many adolescents. Health promotion must develop resources in the community, based on the promotion of skills related to health behaviors and healthy lifestyles.Os fatores de proteção podem ser definidos como uma influência que previne, limita ou reduz os fatores de risco ao longo do tempo. É objetivo deste trabalho analisar a perceção dos jovens estudantes em relação aos fatores de proteção. É um estudo descritivo, transversal e analítico com uma abordagem quantitativa. O instrumento de colheita de dados é constituído pela Global School-Based Studant Health Survey (GSHS), ao qual foram associadas questões de caraterização. Relativamente aos fatores de proteção são considerados dois, os amigos e os pais ou encarregados de educação. A amostra é constituída por 212 jovens estudantes, maioritariamente feminina (54,7%), com idades compreendidas entre os 12 e os 18 anos, vivem com ambos os pais. (72,2%), frequentam entre o 7º e o 12º ano de escolaridade. Os amigos (77,8%) são amáveis quase sempre ou sempre. Relativamente aos pais e encarregados de educação, 87,3% dos inquiridos afirmam que tiveram sempre conhecimento das vezes que faltaram à escola; 40,6% verificam a realização dos trabalhos de casa; 62,3% ouviram os seus problemas e preocupações; 73,6% afirmam ter sido aconselhados e orientados; 62,7% afirmam que os pais sabem o que fazem nos tempos livres; 68,9 afirmam que nunca se sentiram ignorados; afirmam também que os pais têm interesse em saber quem são os seus amigos e como gastam o dinheiro (51% e 45,3%, respetivamente). Foi verificada associação entre o sentirem-se ignorados pelos pais com o sentirem-se sós e a verificação dos trabalhos de casa; e entre o querem saber onde gastam o dinheiro com o ser aconselhados e com o sentirem-se sós. O grupo de pares e os pais são determinantes no comportamento de muitos adolescentes. A promoção da saúde deve desenvolver recursos na comunidade, baseando-se na promoção de competências que apostem na preferência de comportamentos de saúde e de estilos de vida saudáveis
Crisis sistémica, problema "tecnológico " y del subsiguiente subdesarrollo en la esfera de la producción como a la de la circulación.
Get PDFIn the current situation, we are witnessing the condition described by Gramsci: the saturation of national markets has decided the end of capitalisms and national bourgeoisies. The new capitalism, of greater innovative content, does not come from its link to the income positions present in the old model of production still excessively linked to Fordist production, relocated to areas where there are lower wages and less labor legislation. In the current phase of a profound readjustment of the productive forces, it is essential to identify an instrument that can give us a measure of innovation and the course of technological progress; I think that the best instrument from this point of view are patents, which allow us to analyze both the phase and the search for indications about the near future. In the updating of the theory of imperialism, patents develop a fundamental role, because they offer a measure of the diversification of the last productive force and, more generally, of what are the relations between science and its application to production. True, the world does not end here in our capitalist world. The idea also of the occidental-centric theory of the economic democracy that the revolutionary rupture must or can reach the highest points of capitalist development is an error. Independently build their own perspectives moving immediately in the total autonomy of any consociative, concert and co-management model of the crisis. Only in this way can we continue moving decisively towards popular economic democracy and the possible Socialism of the 21st century, as is happening in the ALBA countries. The new martiian and guevarian man must start with us, because our personal relations of a new participatory socio-economic planning.En la situación actual, asistimos a la condición descrita por Gramsci: la saturación de los mercados nacionales ha decidido el fin de los capitalismos y de las burguesías nacionales. El nuevo capitalismo, de mayor contenido innovador, no nace de su encadenamiento a las posiciones de renta presentes en el viejo modelo de producción todavía excesivamente ligado a la producción fordista, deslocalizada hacia áreas en las que hay salarios más bajo y menos legislación laboral. En la fase actual de profundo reacomodo de las fuerzas productivas, es fundamental identificar un instrumento que pueda darnos una medida de la innovación y del curso del progreso tecnológico; creo que el mejor instrumento desde este punto de vista son las patentes, que permiten tanto analizar la fase como la búsqueda de indicaciones sobre el futuro próximo. En la actualización de la teoría del imperialismo las patentes desenvuelven un papel fundamental, porque ofrecen una medida de la diversificación de la última fuerza productiva y, más en general, de aquello que son las relaciones entre ciencia y su aplicación a la producción. Cierto, el mundo no termina aquí en el nuestro mundo capitalista. La idea tambien de la teoria ocidentalcentrica de la democrazia economica de que la ruptura revolucionaria deba o pueda llegar a los puntos más altos del desarrollo capitalista es un error. Construir de forma independiente las propias perspectivas moviéndose de inmediato en la total autonomía de cualquier modelo consociativo, concertativo y de co-gestión de la crisis . Solamente de esta manera podremos continuar moviéndonos a pasos decididos hacia la democracia economica popular y hasta el Socialismo posible del siglo XXI, como está sucediendo en los países del ALBA. El nuevo hombre martiano y guevariano debe empezar por nosotros, porqué nuestras relaciones personales de una nueva planificacion socio-economica participativa
Determinantes do consumo de tabaco durante a gravidez e vigilância de gravidez
Get PDFA non-smoking pregnancy translates into more health for the mother and the child. Pregnancy surveillance ensures the timely identification of risk factors and the possibility of early prenatal care that prevents complications. The nurse assumes himself as a professional in promoting health and preventing complications in the follow-up of the woman / couple throughout pregnancy and in the awareness of the importance of adopting healthy lifestyles. Objective: Identify the determinants of tobacco use and pregnancy surveillance. Methodology: This is a quantitative, cross-sectional, descriptive and correlational study with a sample of 3232 mothers. The study was carried out in 32 maternity / maternity hospitals, from north to south of Portugal, in the obstetrics / inpatient postpartum service between 2010 and 2012. The data collection instrument was the questionnaire that allowed the sociodemographic characterization of the sample with a mean age of women of 28.75 years (SD = 5.463 years), 78.2% Portuguese and 21.8% foreign. Ethical procedures were ensured and the study was authorized by the National Data Protection Commission in addition to the favorable opinions of the ethics committees of the institutions involved. The data was processed with the SPSS program (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) version 24 for Windows. Results: A woman who lives with a partner who has not planned pregnancy is more likely to have adequate pregnancy surveillance and not consume tobacco during pregnancy. On the other hand, a woman living in a rural area, with a higher vocational training or technical training, who is not employed, has had health problems during pregnancy and has not been prepared for childbirth, is less likely to surveillance her pregnancy and more likely to be a tobacco user. Conclusion: Adequate pregnancy surveillance ensures the timely identification of risk factors such as tobacco use and the possibility of timely sensitization of the woman / couple to a non-smoking pregnancy and for the prevention of complications.Uma gravidez sem consumo de tabaco traduz-se em mais saúde para a mãe e para a criança. A vigilância de gravidez assegura a identificação atempada de fatores de risco e a possibilidade de uma assistência pré-natal precoce que previna complicações. O enfermeiro assume-se como um profissional de charneira na promoção de saúde e prevenção de complicações no acompanhamento da mulher/casal ao longo da gravidez e na consciencialização da importância de adoção de estilos de vida saudáveis. Objetivo: Identificar os determinantes do consumo de tabaco e vigilância da gravidez. Metodologia: Trata-se de um estudo quantitativo, transversal, descritivo e correlacional, com uma amostra de 3232 mulheres que foram mães. O estudo foi realizado em 32 maternidades/hospitais com maternidade, de Norte a Sul de Portugal, no serviço de obstetrícia/internamento de puérperas, entre os anos de 2010 e 2012. O instrumento de colheita de dados foi o questionário que permitiu a caracterização sociodemográfica da amostra com uma idade média das mulheres de 28,75 anos (dp=±5,463 anos), 78,2% de nacionalidade portuguesa e 21,8% estrangeiras. Foram assegurados os procedimentos éticos, e o estudo teve a autorização da Comissão Nacional de Proteção de Dados para além dos pareceres favoráveis das Comissões de ética das instituições envolvidas. Os dados foram tratados com o programa SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) versão 24 para Windows.Resultados: A mulher que vive com companheiro, e que não planeou a gravidez tem maior probabilidade de vigilância adequada de gravidez e não consumir tabaco durante a gravidez. Por outro lado, o local de residência em meio rural, mulher com formação profissional superior ou formação técnica, que não exerce uma profissão, que teve problemas de saúde durante a gravidez e que não efetuou preparação para o parto apresenta menor probabilidade de não vigiar a gravidez e consumir tabaco. Conclusão: A vigilância adequada de gravidez assegura a identificação atempada de fatores de risco como o consumo de tabaco e a possibilidade de uma sensibilização atempada da mulher/casal para uma gravidez sem tabaco e para a prevenção de complicações
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Introducción
No full textPresentation of INFAD Journal, no. 1, vol. 1, 2018: "Psychology in the current world"Introducción a la Revista nº1, vol.1, 2018: "La psicología en el mundo actual
Satisfação em enfermagem: perspetiva do enfermeiro versus perspetiva do utent
Get PDFThe double aspect of the satisfaction of the users and the professional satisfaction of the nurses is an indicator of result, valid in the evaluation of the quality of the services. We aim to evaluate the satisfaction of nurses and the satisfaction of patients with nursing care, in a hospital setting. The EAST-Enf scale, the SUCEH21 scale and characterization questions were used. A cross-sectional, descriptive and exploratory, quantitative study was developed in a sample of 124 nurses and 462 patients in northern Portugal. The sample of professionals is predominantly female (82.3%), with an average age of around 42 years. Of the 462 users, the majority are female (53.2%), with a mean age of 57.47 years. The most professionally satisfied nurses are the youngest (84,13), with a lower academic rank (74,80), with a service period of less than 10 years (78,59), who work in the stroke unit (77,10), and those who work in services with democratic leadership (76.6). Among the users, the most satisfied with nursing care are women (2,87), the elderly (2,87), widowers (2,59), retired (2,56), hospitalised in the unit of stroke (3). In nurses’ satisfaction, the determinants, the age of the nurses and the service time stand out. The satisfaction of the users with the nursing care stands out the sex, age, marital status, labor situation, profession and internment service. Overall, there was a direct relationship between the satisfaction of the professionals and the satisfaction of the users. The identification of these relationships is very important in health organizations, constituting a solid tool in decision making and, therefore, in providing better health care.A dupla vertente da satisfação dos utentes e da satisfação profissional dos enfermeiros constitui um indicador de resultado, válido na avaliação da qualidade dos serviços. Temos como objetivo avaliar a satisfação dos enfermeiros e a satisfação dos utentes com os cuidados de enfermagem, em meio hospitalar. Foram utilizadas: a escala EAST-Enf, a escala SUCEH21 e questões de caracterização. Desenvolveu-se um estudo transversal, descritivo e exploratório, quantitativo, numa amostra de 124 enfermeiros e 462 utentes no norte de Portugal. A amostra dos profissionais é predominantemente feminina (82.3%), com média de idade a rondar os 42 anos. Dos 462 utentes, a maioria é do sexo feminino (53.2%), com idade média de 57.47 anos. Os enfermeiros mais satisfeitos profissionalmente são os mais jovens (84,13), com menor grau académico (74,80), com tempo de serviço inferior a 10 anos (78,59), que trabalham na unidade de AVC (77,10), e aqueles que exercem funções em serviços com liderança democrática (76.6%). Relativamente aos utentes, os mais satisfeitos com os cuidados de enfermagem são as mulheres (2,87), os mais idosos (2,87), viúvos (2,59), reformados (2,56), internados na unidade de AVC (3). Na satisfação dos enfermeiros, destacam-se como variáveis determinantes, a idade dos enfermeiros e o tempo de serviço. A satisfação dos utentes com os cuidados de enfermagem destaca-se o sexo, idade, estado civil, situação laboral, profissão e serviço de internamento. De forma global, verificou-se uma relação direta entre a satisfação dos profissionais e a satisfação dos utentes. A identificação dessas relações é muito importante nas organizações de saúde, constituindo uma ferramenta sólida na tomada de decisão e, portanto, na prestação de melhores cuidados de saúde