International Journal of Developmental and Educational Psychology (Revista INFAD de Psicología)
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Democracia socio-económica participativa como proceso revolucionario del caracol de la historia.
Get PDFThe revolutionary construction of popular participatory economic democracy is an act of love. We do not speak only of what opposes us to our adversaries and enemies. The new man begins with the inner circle of our knowledge. The slowness can be that of history, which in turn can be tremendously fast; but it is above all the slowness of the change, of the time necessary to organize it, to fight and realize it, to think critically, and to advance ... slowly but moving forward. The immediacy is not form. It is not a matter of being more or less revolutionary, more or less willing to face confrontation, to violence, to risk.Here and so, a great part of the teaching of my Cuban comrades, of our father Fidel, is reflected.La construcción revolucionaria de la democracia economica participativa popular es un acto de amor. No hablamos sólo de lo que nos opone a nuestros adversarios y enemigos. El hombre nuevo empieza por el círculo íntimo de nuestro conocimiento. La lentitud puede ser la de la historia, que a su vez puede ser tremendamente veloz; pero es sobre todo la lentitud del cambio, del tiempo necesario para organizarlo, para combatir y realizarlo, para pensarlo críticamente, y avanzar...lentamente pero avanzando. La inmediación no es forma. No es cuestión de ser más o menos revolucionario, más o menos dispuestos al enfrentamiento, a la violencia, al riesgo. Aquí y asì se refleja gran parte de la enseñanza de mis compañeros cubanos, de nuestro padre Fidel
Práticas parentais percebidas, autoestima, otimismo e resiliência em futuros professores
Get PDFThe first expectations created by adolescents regarding their professional future arise based on their family context. At this moment in life, adolescents decide about their future and make their decisions with the help of their families. The purpose of this study was to investigate relationships between perceived parenting practices and choice of profession, self-esteem, optimism and resilience in adolescents attending a technical teacher training course. Two hundred adolescents with an average age of 15.8 years took part in this study. The instruments used were: a sociodemographic questionnaire, the Rosenberg Self-Esteem scale, the Life Orientation Test, the Resilience Scale and the Family Interaction Quality Scales. The majority of students in this study are female, have few siblings and live with their parents. When asked about the university course they would like to take in the future, the absolute majority (51%) chose degree courses providing teacher training.With regard to the reason why they chose to take a technical teacher training course, “making a dream come true” was the most frequent answer given by the respondents, followed by identification with this area. When asked about the characteristics of a good teacher, they mentioned dedication to the profession, dedication to students (involving aspects such as patience and affection).With regard to behaviours to be avoided by teachers, emphasis was placed on behaviours such as shouting, sarcasm, lack of teaching ability and arrogance. Significant and positive correlations were found between parenting practices perceived by the adolescents and scores for optimism, resilience and self-esteem, thus revealing the importance of parent involvement for the development of the personal strengths of these young people who, from an early age, defined an objective in life and are on their way to achieving it.As primeiras expectativas criadas pelos adolescentes acerca do seu futuro profissional são tomadas com base no contexto familiar. Esta pesquisa objetivou investigar relações entre as práticas educativas parentais percebidas e a escolha profissional, a autoestima, o otimismo e a resiliência em adolescentes que frequentam um curso técnico de formação de professores. Participaram 200 adolescentes, maioria do sexo feminino e idade média de 15,8 anos. Os instrumentos foram: questionário sociodemográfico, Escala de autoestima de Rosenberg, Life Orientation Test, Escala de Resiliência, Escalas de Qualidade na Interação Familiar. Os dados mostram que os jovens têm interesse em cursos universitários de licenciaturas e revelam identificação com a área do magistério.Sobre características boas de um professor, a maioria indicou comportamentos ligados à interação, seguido de cuidado com a profissão, e comportamentos relacionados ao domínio do conteúdo e didática. No caso dos comportamentos do professor a serem evitados, os mais citados foram o controle aversivo, a seguir foram comportamentos do professor que pudessem comprometer a aprendizagem, como a falta de planejamento e desorganização. Foram encontradas correlações significativas e positivas entre as práticas parentais percebidas pelos adolescentes e os escores de otimismo, resiliência e autoestima, revelando a importância do envolvimento dos pais para o desenvolvimento de forças pessoais desses jovens que, desde cedo, definiram um objetivo de vida e estão no caminho para realizá-lo
Relación entre la madurez vocacional y la motivación hacia el aprendizaje académico
Get PDFCurrently, the demands, responsibilities and obligations to enter the workforce are greater and the vocational decision-making process becomes increasingly difficult, therefore, it is necessary to encourage schools to seek guidance strategies that facilitate tools and a adequate advice to students.Vocational Maturity is defined as the degree to which a person adopts a decision based on the knowledge of their academic and professional alternatives, after analyzing their values, goals, interests, abilities and personal and social conditioning factors (Lucas and Carbonero, 2003).There are many motivational dimensions that influence academic commitment and that must be taken into account in order to influence student academic performance (Rodríguez, 2009). From this study, it is considered that one of these variables is vocational maturity and therefore, the objective is to know if there is a relationship between Vocational Maturity and the motivation towards learning in a total sample of 1540 subjects belonging to 27 Centers Educational Secondary Education of the provinces of Badajoz and Cáceres, with ages between 15 and 19 years.The methodology used in this study is descriptive through a quantitative paradigm by means of two survey-type instruments: to measure the Motivation towards Learning, the MAPE I questionnaire was used by the authors Jesús Alonso Tapia and Javier Sánchez Ferrer (1992 ), and for the measurement of the Vocational Maturity the CMV questionnaire adapted from Rosa (2015) was used.The results obtained show that there is a relationship between both variables for the three dimensions studied in the Motivation towards Learning.Actualmente, las exigencias, responsabilidades y obligaciones para incorporarse al mundo laboral son mayores y el proceso de toma de decisiones vocacional se torna cada vez más difícil, por ello, resulta necesario animar a los centros educativos a buscar estrategias de orientación que faciliten herramientas y un asesoramiento adecuado al alumnado.La Madurez Vocacional se define como el grado en que una persona adopta una decisión basada en el conocimiento de sus alternativas académicas y profesionales, previo análisis de sus valores, metas, intereses, habilidades y condicionantes personales y sociales (Lucas y Carbonero, 2003).Son muchas las dimensiones motivacionales que influyen en el compromiso académico y que deben tenerse en cuenta para incidir sobre el rendimiento académico del alumnado (Rodríguez, 2009). Desde este estudio, se considera que una de estas variables es la madurez vocacional y por ello, el objetivo que se plantea es conocer si existe relación entre la Madurez Vocacional y la motivación hacia el aprendizaje en una muestra total de 1540 sujetos pertenecientes a 27 Centros Educativos de Educación Secundaria de las provincias de Badajoz y Cáceres, con edades comprendidas entre 15 y 19 años.La metodología utilizada en este estudio es de corte descriptivo a través de un paradigma cuantitativo mediante dos instrumentos de tipo encuesta: para la medida de la Motivación hacia el Aprendizaje se utilizó el cuestionario MAPE I de los autores Jesús Alonso Tapia y Javier Sánchez Ferrer (1992), y para la medida de la Madurez Vocacional se utilizó el cuestionario CMV adaptado de Rosa (2015).Los resultados obtenidos muestran que si existe relación entre ambas variables para las tres dimensiones que se estudian en la Motivación hacia el Aprendizaje
La atención plena en el malestar psicológico: relación entre la aceptación de la experiencia interna y la ansiedad en estudiantes pregraduados
Get PDFThe high prevalence and incidence of problems related to anxiety in the population have made it one of the main indicators of psychological ill-being (Guillén-Riquelme and Buela-Casal, 2011). Numerous researchers are studying its treatment by the use of therapeutic techniques of third generation based on mindfulness because it has become a practice of ascending use in the clinical exercise and the development of psychological health (Ford, Lam, John, and Mauss, 2017). The evidences in this regard show that there could be a tendency to publish only those investigations that report positive effects, which could be causing an exaggeration of reality (Coronado-Montoya et al., 2016). The present research has two objectives: (1) know the statistical relationship between the factors of Mindfulness (Observation, Description, Acting with awarenesse, Non-judging, and Non-reactivity) and anxiety (state and trait); and (2) check the explanatory capacity of these factors on both types of anxiety. A sample of 53 undergraduated students (third and fourth degree) from the University of Cádiz was used. They voluntarily completed the following questionnaires: Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (Aguado et al., 2015) and State Trait Anxiety Inventory (Buela-Casal, Guillén- Riquelme, and Seidedos, 2011). The bivariate correlation analysis performed showed that only the Non judging, Acting with awareness and Non-reactivity factors, correlated negatively and statistically significant with both types of anxiety. These factors were able to explain the change in the variance of state anxiety in 57.8% (R2 = .578), and in 62.7% in trait anxiety (R2 = .627). The factors Non judging (Beta = -.508) and Acting with awareness (Beta = -.346), were statistically significant when explaining levels of trait anxiety. However, only Non judging (Beta = -.693) remained as significant factor in anxiety state. In conclusion, the promotion of accepting nonevaluative attitude before the internal experience would seek an improvement in the levels of both types of anxiety and, in addition, paying full attention to the activities during its realization would suppose a decrease in the trait anxiety.La alta prevalencia e incidencia de problemas relacionados con la ansiedad en la población la han convertido en uno de los principales indicadores del malestar psicológico (Guillén-Riquelme y Buela-Casal, 2011). Su tratamiento mediante el uso de técnicas terapéuticas de tercera generación basadas en Atención plena está siendo estudiado por numerosos investigadores por haberse convertido en una práctica de uso ascendente en el ejercicio clínico y el desarrollo de la salud psicológica (Ford, Lam, John, y Mauss, 2017). Las evidencias al respecto muestran que podría existir una tendencia a publicar únicamente aquellas investigaciones que informan de efectos positivos, lo que podría estar provocando una exageración de la realidad (Coronado-Montoya et al., 2016). La presente investigación tiene dos objetivos: (1) conocer la relación estadística existente entre los actores de la Atención plena (Observación, Descripción, Actuar con conciencia, No juzgar y No reactividad) y la ansiedad (estado y rasgo); y (2) comprobar la capacidad explicativa de estos factores sobre ambos tipos de ansiedad. Se utilizó una muestra de 53 estudiantes pregraduados (tercero y cuarto de carrera) de la Universidad de Cádiz que realizaron voluntariamente y de forma telemática los siguientes cuestionarios: Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (Aguado et al., 2015) y State Trait Anxiety Inventory (Spielberger, Gorsuch, Lushene, y Cubero, 2011). El análisis de correlación bivariada realizado mostró que sólo los factores No juzgar, Actuar con conciencia, y No reactividad correlacionaban de forma negativa y estadísticamente significativa con ambos tipos de ansiedad.Dichos factores lograron explicar el cambio en la varianza de la ansiedad estado en un 57.8% (R2 = .578), y en un 62.7% en la ansiedad rasgo (R2 = .627). Los factores No juzgar (Beta = -.508) y Actuar con conciencia (Beta = -.346) resultaron estadísticamente significativos a la hora de explicar los niveles de la ansiedad rasgo. Sin embargo, únicamente No juzgar (Beta= -.693) se mantuvo como factor significativo en la ansiedad estado. Como conclusión, la promoción de una actitud de aceptación sin valoraciones ante la experiencia interna procuraría una mejora en los niveles de ambos tipos de ansiedad y, además, prestar plena atención a las actividades durante su realización supondría un descenso en la ansiedad rasgo
¿Cuáles son las estrategias preferidas por los jóvenes para negociar el uso del preservativo?
Get PDFWe evaluate the perception of the adequacy of different strategy types to achieve the use of condoms whit a romantic partner in a sample of undergraduate Psychology students (81.4% women, mean age = 21 years, sd = 2.8). Assessments were made with a scale from 0 (not adequate) to 10 (totally adequate). The results show that young people consider more appropriate strategies involving a more or less direct requirement (average 8.51, sd = 1.15) followed by those that consider the protection provided by the condom (mean 8.13, sd = 1.96), whereas the least adequate strategies are those involving emotional arguments (mean 6.32 sd = 2.27). These results should be considered in planning interventions to promote the use of condoms among young people.Se evalúa la percepción de la adecuación de diferentes tipos de estrategias para conseguir el uso del preservativo con una pareja afectiva en una muestra de estudiantes del grado de Psicología (81.4% mujeres, edad media= 21 años, dt.=2.8). Las valoraciones se hicieron con una escala del 0 (nada adecuada) al 10 (totalmente adecuada). Los resultados muestran que los jóvenes consideran más adecuadas las estrategias que formulan la petición más o menos directa (media 8.51, dt.=1.15) seguidas de las que se refieren a la protección que proporciona el preservativo (media 8.13, dt=1.96). Las estrategias consideradas menos adecuadas son aquellas que utilizan argumentos con carga emocional (media 6.32 dt=2.27). Estos resultados deben tenerse en cuenta en la planificación de intervenciones para promocionar el uso del preservativo entre los jóvenes
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El esfuerzo cooperativo como estímulo para fomentar aspectos grupales, emocionales y cognitivos en jóvenes estudiantes
Get PDF“Unity is strength... when there is teamwork and collaboration, wonderful things can be achieved”. Mattie Stepanek At present, cooperation is a fundamental aspect for the education and integral development of children and adolescents. The effort through physical activities, and cooperative games with a high demand of physical intensity intrinsic to the proposed stimulus, could be key to improve groupal aspects, team values and cognitive-emotional factors, also important for future work success. We present the most outstanding results of a study aimed at increasing the above variables through the practice of cooperative high intensity interval physical situations. Recent research has shown that both physical activity and cooperation, separately, can be used for this purpose. However, the interrelation of these variables based on an integral proposal is still little studied. It is concluded that the high intensity physical cooperative effort can have positive effects beyond the physical aspects widely contrasted in the scientific literature. It is suggested to take advantage of the high intensity ( greater than 80% HRmax), as well as the use of situations of problem solving or cooperative challenges, to promote social and cognitive-emotional aspects in young people.“La unidad es la fuerza… cuando hay trabajo en equipo y colaboración, se pueden lograr cosas maravillosas”.Mattie Stepanek. En la actualidad, la cooperación es un aspecto fundamental para la educación y desarrollo integral de los niños y adolescentes. El esfuerzo a través de actividades físicas, y juegos cooperativos con una exigencia alta de intensidad física intrínseca al estímulo planteado, podrían ser clave para mejorar aspectos grupales, valores de equipo y aspectos cognitivo-emocionales, importantes también para el posterior éxito laboral futuro. Se presentan los resultados más destacados de un estudio dirigido al incremento de las anteriores variables a través de la práctica de situaciones físicas cooperativas de alta intensidad interválica. Investigaciones recientes han mostrado que tanto la actividad física como la cooperación, por separado, pueden ser aprovechables para este objetivo. Sin embargo, la interrelación de estas variables en base a una propuesta integral aún está poco estudiada. Se concluye que el esfuerzo físico cooperativo de alta intensidad puede tener efectos positivos más allá de los aspectos físicos ampliamente contrastados en la literatura científica. Se sugiere aprovechar la alta intensidad ( mayor que 80% FC máxima), así como, el uso de situaciones de resolución de problemas o retos cooperativos, para fomentar aspectos sociales y cognitivo-emocionales en jóvenes
Alunni DSA e docenti
Get PDFAs teacher with many years of experience and with the inclination to professional upgrading, a very irrevocable moment for the social function of a teacher , relating to the specific learing disability (LSD) not only the problems are linked to the difficulties that slow the students’ learning but also the reluctance of teachers to choose learning strategies for all cases present in the class. This article will discuss several issues: are the particolar dynamics that typify the educative-teaching relationship existing among teachers and students with LSD.The theoric overview of educative-teaching strategies and methodologies, the direct knowledge of law reference and the knowledge of the latest information about LSD ,. Precisely, The articolgives a general consideration about lsd, and makes an analysis of risk indicators mentioned in the scientific literature and deals with a wide and detailed framework of relieved actions considered by law and of compensatory devices more suitable to semplify the requested intervention in the disability.Come insegnante con molti anni di esperienza e con l’inclinazione all’aggiornamento professionale, un momento molto irrevocabile per la funzione sociale di un insegnante, relativo alla disabilità specifica (LSD), non solo i problemi sono legati alle difficoltà che rallentano gli studenti apprendimento ma anche la riluttanza degli insegnanti a scegliere strategie di apprendimento per tutti i casi presenti nella classe. Questo articolo discuterà diversi problemi: sono le dinamiche particolari che caratterizzano il rapporto educativo-didattico esistente tra insegnanti e studenti con LSD. La panoramica teorica delle strategie e metodologie di insegnamento educativo, la conoscenza diretta del riferimento legale e la conoscenza delle ultime informazioni sull’LSD,. Precisamente, l’articol fornisce una considerazione generale su LSD, e fa un’analisi degli indicatori di rischio citati nella letteratura scientifica e si occupa di un quadro ampio e dettagliato di azioni sollevate considerate dalla legge e di dispositivi compensatori più adatti a semplificare l’intervento richiesto nel disabilità
Funcionamiento ejecutivo y comprensión lectora al finalizar educación primaria
Get PDFThe objective of this study was to analyze the relationship between neuropsychological and behavioral measures of executive functioning (EF) and reading comprehension in students of the last cycle of Primary Education. The study sample consisted of 148 children (62% of 5th grade, 38% of 6th grade) and their teachers. Neuropsychological tasks related to the executive functions of working memory, inhibition and attention were administered. To evaluate the behavioral FE, their professors also completed the questionnaire Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF, Gioia, Isquith, Guy and Kenworthy, 2000). The results showed a relationship between reading comprehension and different EF measures evaluated with both types of tests. Working memory showed a close relationship with reading comprehension in both cases. Among the variables of behavioral FE, the weight of problem solving, flexibility and planning also stands out. The implications of these findings for research and psychoeducational practice are discussed. El objetivo del presente estudio consistió en analizar la relación entre medidas neuropsicológicas y conductuales de funcionamiento ejecutivo (FE) y la comprensión lectora en estudiantes de último ciclo de Educación Primaria. La muestra del estudio estuvo conformada por 148 niños (62% de 5º curso; 38% de 6º curso) y sus profesores. Se administraron tareas neuropsicológicas relacionadas con las funciones ejecutivas de memoria de trabajo, inhibición y atención. Para evaluar el FE conductual, sus profesores cumplimentaron también el cuestionario Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF; Gioia, Isquith, Guy y Kenworthy, 2000). Los resultados evidenciaron una relación entre la comprensión lectora y diferentes medidas de FE evaluadas con ambos tipos de pruebas. La memoria de trabajo mostró una estrecha relación con la comprensión lectora en ambos casos. Entre las variables de FE conductual destaca también el peso de la resolución de problemas, la flexibilidad y la planificación. Se comentan las implicaciones de estos hallazgos para la investigación y la práctica psicoeducativa
Estilos de vida em trabalhadores offshore de uma plataforma da África Subsaariana
Get PDFThe offshore worker is confined to a limited space during a certain period of time. Investigating how the characteristics of the work environment affect workers’ health is a concern. The objective of this study was to assess the lifestyles of offshore workers from a sub-Saharan Africa platform. Participants and Methods: A cross-sectional study with a sample of 99 offshore workers, all of the male gender, with mean age 39.11-11.69 years; 78.5% are married and 83.8% have scholarship between the 5th and 12th grades. Data collection was accomplished through a selfadministered questionnaire consisting of sociodemographic, professional and lifestyle variables. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 24 for Windows. Results: Of the offshore workers, 54.2% reported having 3 or more children; 54.5% have one woman and 24.2% have two women; 33.3% indicated to have two residences. Regarding the professional variables, on average, the number of years working offshore was 10.07±5.52 years and 75.8% of the workers performed a rotation system of 4 weeks. Referring to lifestyle variables, 54.5% reported drinking coffee daily, 20% having coffee after 20 hours, on average drinking 3.37-1.83 coffees a day; 74.4% reported that they consume soft drinks daily, the most consumed soft drink was coca-cola (67.6%); almost all workers consumed alcoholic beverages on land (83.8%), with the most consuming mainly beer (68.7%); 22.2% smoke and on average smoke 15.64 ± 8.52 cigarettes per day. More than half of the sample had pre-obesity (63.6%) and 19.2% obesity; 45.5% reported that they sometimes exercise and 22.2% frequently exercise. In the last 12 months, 72.0% of workers consumed sleeping pills; 14.0% suffer from some kind of disease, the most prevalent being hypertension (42.9%); in the last 12 months 91.0% of the sample consulted a physician and 78.0% consulted a general practitioner. Conclusions: We found high prevalences of unhealthy lifestyles, consumptions, lack of regular exercise, overweight and almost half of the workers suffer from hypertension.O trabalhador offshore está confinado a um espaço limitado durante um período de tempo. Investigar como as características do ambiente de trabalho afetam a saúde dos trabalhadores constitui uma preocupação. O objectivo deste estudo foi avaliar os estilos de vida em trabalhadores offshore de uma plataforma da África Subsaariana. Participantes e Métodos: Estudo transversal com uma amostra de 99 trabalhadores em offshore, totalidade do sexo masculino, uma média de idade de 39,11±6,91 anos; 78,5% casados e 83,8% possui entre o 5º-12º ano de escolaridade. Os dados foram recolhidos através de um questionário auto-aplicado constituído por variáveis sociodemográficas, profissionais e referentes a estilos de vidas. Os dados foram analisados com recurso ao SPSS versão 24 para Windows. Resultados: Dos trabalhadores em offshore, 54,2% referiu ter 3 ou mais filhos; 54,5% ter uma mulher e 24,2% duas mulheres; 33,3% indicou possuir duas residências. Quanto às variáveis profissionais, em média, o número de anos de trabalho em offshore foi de 10,07±5,52 anos e 75,8% dos trabalhadores realiza um sistema de rotação de 4 semanas. Estilos de vida, 54,5% refere que toma café diariamente, 20% que toma café depois das 20 horas, em média bebem 3,37±1,83 cafés por dia; 74,4% refere que consome diariamente refrigerantes, o mais consumido a coca-cola (67,6%); quase a totalidade dos trabalhadores consome bebidas alcoólicas em terra (83,8%), sendo a mais consumida cerveja (68,7%); 22,2% fuma e em média fumam 15,64±8,52 cigarros por dia. Mais de metade da amostra possui pré-obesidade (63,6%) e 19,2% obesidade; 45,5% refere que às vezes pratica exercício físico e 22,2% frequentemente. Nos últimos 12 meses, 72,0% dos trabalhadores consumiu medicação para dormir; 14,0% sofre de alguma doença, sendo a mais prevalente a hipertensão (42,9%); nos últimos 12 meses 91,0% da amostra consultou um médico e 78,0% consultou um médico de clínica geral. Conclusões: Encontrámos elevadas prevalências de estilos de vida pouco saudáveis, consumos, falta de exercício físico regular, excesso de peso e, quase metade dos trabalhadores sofre de hipertensão