International Journal of Developmental and Educational Psychology (Revista INFAD de Psicología)
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Consumo farmacológico y salud en personas mayores.
Get PDFThe aging of the population results in notable increases in the number of chronic diseases and multimorbidity, in the consumption of multiple drugs and related problems. The objective of this study is to conduct a review of pharmacological use in older people so that we can define the different factors that influence the consumption of drugs and the consequent health costs involved. To this end, a systematic review was carried out in different databases of international literature such as Web of Science, Scopus and Pubmed using the following descriptors: pharmacological consumption, major and pharmacological treatments, pharmacological expenditure, elderly people and medical treatments. The studies consulted indicate that more than 50% of all drugs sold are consumed by older adults; more than 80% of older adults take at least one medication per day and 75% do not inform their doctor that they are using unconventional treatments. In addition, all of the above makes us see how most of the increase in health and social spending is determined by the evolution of different non-demographic factors, such as the intensity of care, the cost of treatments or the development of new medical technologies. Factors, all of which, unlike demographic aging, are susceptible to future regulation and, therefore, to a large extent, are socially controllable. The aging process of the population represents a formidable challenge for the health system, since health spending per person increases rapidly with age. Therefore it is necessary to create programs and policies of action directed towards prevention, behaviors and healthy habits.El envejecimiento de la población tiene como consecuencia incrementos notables en el numero de enfermedades crónicas y de multimorbilidad, en el consumo de múltiples fármacos y los problemas relacionados con los mismos. El objetivo de este estudio es realizar una revisión sobre el consumo farmacológico en personas mayores de manera que podamos definir los distintos factores que influyen en el consumo de farmacos y el consiguiente gasto sanitario que acarrea. Para ello se ha realizado una revisión sistemática en distintas bases de datos de literatura internacional como Web of Science, Scopus y Pubmed utilizando lo siguientes descriptores: consumo farmacológico mayores, mayores y tratamientos farmacologicos, gasto farmacológico, personas mayores y tratamientos medicos. Los estudios consultados nos indican que , más del 50% de todos los medicamentos expendidos son consumidos por adultos mayores; más del 80% de las personas adultas mayores toman al menos una medicación diaria y 75% no informa a su médico que usa tratamientos no convencionales. Además, todo lo anterior nos hace ver como mayor parte del incremento del gasto sanitario y social viene determinado por la evolución de distintos factores no demográficos, como son la intensidad de la atención, el coste de los tratamientos o el desarrollo de nuevas tecnologías médicas. Factores, todos ellos, que a diferencia del envejecimiento demográfico, sí son susceptibles de regulación futura y, por tanto, en gran medida socialmente controlables.El proceso de envejecimiento de la población representa un formidable reto para el sistema sanitario, ya que el gasto sanitario por persona aumenta rápidamente con la edad. Por lo que se hace necesario crear programas y politicas de actuación dirigidos hacia la prevención, los comportamientos y los hábitos saludables
La satisfacción sexual en parejas con estilos de apego seguro y ansioso
Get PDFDue to the strong link between sexual satisfaction, relational satisfaction and the attachment of both members of the dyad, the aim of this study was to examine the sexual and relational satisfaction in different attachment styles combinations. To address this, sexual and relational satisfaction in the different attachment styles of each participant as well as their partners were analyzed. Eightysix heterosexual couples participated, aged 20-60 years old. The results show that people with secure attachment have both better sexual and relational satisfaction. Heterosexual couples where both are secure, are those who are most satisfied. Secure women are less satisfied with their couple when men are anxious. However, men are equally satisfied whether the women feel secure or anxious. Thus, the satisfaction of the anxious member of the couple will depend on the attachment styles as well as the sex of the partner.Debido a la fuerte vinculación entre la satisfacción sexual, de pareja y el apego de ambos miembros de la diada, el objetivo de esta investigación fue examinar la satisfacción de pareja y sexual en las diferentes combinaciones de estilos de apego. Para ello se analizó la satisfacción sexual y de pareja en los diferentes estilos de apego de cada participante y de su pareja. En el estudio participaron 86 parejas heterosexuales, con edades entre los 20 y 60 años. Los resultados muestran que las personas seguras tienen una mayor satisfacción sexual y de pareja. Las diadas constituidas por un hombre seguro y una mujer segura son las que más satisfechas están, las mujeres seguras están menos satisfechas con sus parejas cuando ellos son preocupados pero los hombres seguros se encuentran igualmente satisfechos tanto si las mujeres son seguras como si son ansiosas. Por tanto, la satisfacción de un miembro de la pareja ansioso/a va a depender del estilo de apego y del sexo de su pareja
Efecto de un programa de actividad física de alta intensidad en la atención selectiva de jóvenes con TDAH
Get PDFThe aim of this study was to analyse the short-term effect of 16 minutes of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) in the selective care of children diagnosed with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). This study has a randomized experimental design. The sample consisted of 20 children diagnosed with ADHD (6-12 years). The control group (n = 10) watched a documentary video and the experimental group (n = 10) did 16 minutes HIIT with cardiac monitor (80-95% maximum heart rate). Selective attention was measured using the d2 test. The analysis of repeated measures ANOVA 2 times (pre-test vs. post-test) × 2 groups (control group vs. experimental group). The results have shown that practicing 16 minutes of HIIT has an effect of immediate improvement in attention, decreasing the number of omissions and errors and increasing the number of correct answers. It is concluded that performing 16 minutes of HIIT improves immediate selective attention in school children diagnosed with ADHD. It is recommended to promote the practice of physical exercise in the educational context, specifically, to perform 16 minutes of HIIT at the beginning of the school day. This exercise of short duration and that does not require great material or human resources could help to improve the attention and motivation of children in class.El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar el efecto a corto plazo de 16 minutos de “high-intensity interval training” (HIIT) en la atención selectiva de niños diagnosticados con Trastorno por Déficit de Atención e Hiperactividad (TDAH). Este estudio tiene diseño experimental randomizado. La muestra estaba formada por 20 niños diagnosticados TDAH (6-12 años). El grupo control (n = 10) vio un video documental y el grupo experimental (n = 10) hizo 16 minutos HIIT con monitor cardiaco (80- 95% frecuencia cardiaca máxima). La atención selectiva se midió utilizando el test d2. El análisis de medidas repetidas ANOVA 2 veces (pre-test vs. post-test) × 2 grupos (grupo control vs. grupo experimental). Los resultados han mostrado que practicar 16 minutos de HIIT tiene un efecto de mejora inmediato en la atención, disminuyendo el número de omisiones y errores y aumentando el número de aciertos. Se concluye, que realizar 16 minutos de HIIT mejora la atención selectiva inmediata en niños escolares diagnosticados TDAH. Se recomienda promover en el contexto educativo la práctica de ejercicio físico, en concreto, realizar 16 minutos de HIIT al comienzo de la jornada escolar. Este ejercicio de corta duración y que no requiere grandes recursos materiales ni humanos podría ayudar a mejorar la atención y motivación de niños y niñas en clase
A satisfação, realização e exaustão dos enfermeiros em Portugal
Get PDFBackground: Changes the level of the professional career and working conditions, implies impairment of physical and mental health, with prejudice on satisfaction, fulfillment and exhaustion of nurses in Portugal.Objectives: Verify if the socio-demographic and professional variables interfere with exhaustion, satisfaction, personal and professional fulfillment. Consider whether job satisfaction interfere with the exhaustion felt by nurses in Portugal.Methodology: It is a quantitative, descriptive, correlational and analytical, retrospective and cross study, whose non-probabilistic sample consists of 534 Portuguese Nurses (23.8% men and 76.2% women), aged between 21 and 57 years (m = 34.83). It was used as data collection the sociodemographic and professional questionnaire, Satisfaction and achievement Scale the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory and the Maslach Burnout Inventory. The data was processed with the SPSS program (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) version 24 for Windows.Results: The variables: sex, marital status; age; specialized training; time of service; weekly working hours and mode; rewards; public/private institution type, interfere with exhaustion, satisfaction, personal and professional fulfillment. Nurses who show emotional exhaustion and depersonalization are least satisfied (MW = 347.60); (OM = 299.79) respectively. In terms of personal achievement prevail manifested the ones who are very satisfied (MW = 301.40). The entire assessment of burnout level, there is a predominance of little satisfied Nurses (MW = 327.05).Conclusion: In the light of the results obtained and the specificity of the work is urgent implement measures in the management and direction of the health institutions in the sense to lessen the workload by hiring nurses and other measures as the development of intervention programs on time management, conflict, interpersonal relationship and communication; Encourage the recognition of work, valuation and delegation of powers and system of rewards of nurses.Contexto: As mudanças na carreira profissional e condições de trabalho implicam comprometimento da saúde física e mental, com prejuízo na satisfação, realização e exaustão dos enfermeiros portugueses.Objetivo(s): Verificar se as variáveis sociodemográficas e profissionais e interferem na exaustão, satisfação e realização pessoal e profissional. Analisar se a satisfação profissional interfere na exaustão sentida pelos Enfermeiros portugueses.Metodologia: Estudo de natureza quantitativa, descritivo, correlacional e analítico, retrospetivo e transversal. Amostra não probabilística, constituída por 534 enfermeiros portugueses (23.8% homens e 76.2% mulheres, com idades entre os 21 e 57 anos. Instrumento de colheita de dados: questionário sociodemográfico e profissional; Escala de Satisfação e Realização; Questionário de Copenhagen Burnout Inventory. O tratamento de dados foi efetuado com o programa SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) versão 24 para Windows.Resultados: As variáveis: sexo, estado civil; idade; formação especializada; tempo de serviço; horas de trabalho semanal e modalidade; recompensas; tipo de instituição pública/privada, interfe rem com a exaustão, satisfação e realização pessoal e profissional. Os enfermeiros pouco satisfeitos apresentam exaustão emocional e despersonalização, (OM=347.60) e (OM=299.79) respetivamente. A nível da realização pessoal prevalecem os que se manifestam muito satisfeitos (OM=301.40). Na totalidade da avaliação do nível de burnout, há um predomínio de enfermeiros pouco satisfeitos (OM=327.05).Conclusões: É urgente implementar medidas a nível da gestão e direção das instituições de saúde com o objetivo de diminuir a carga de trabalho, através da contratação de enfermeiros e outras medidas como o desenvolvimento de programas de intervenção sobre gestão do tempo, conflitos, relação interpessoal e comunicação; Estimulo ao reconhecimento do trabalho, valorização e delegação das competências e sistema de recompensas dos enfermeiros
Perfil del alumnado del grado de educación infantil: proyecto docente de la asignatura trastornos del desarrollo
Get PDFA relevant aspect of the context in which a teaching project is framed is that related to the specific characteristics of the people who will be the protagonists of the learning process: the students of the degree program. Without a doubt, the students are the raw material of the universities, and the reason for their existence. Analyzing the characteristics of the students, their origin, objectives, interests, motivations, personal aspirations, etc., are essential elements in any project. In this work, a study is made of the university students of Pre-school Education in general, and of the students of the subject matter of study in particular, Development Disorders. Their origin, expectations and training and professional interests, their previous knowledge and learning styles, condition the teaching decisions. The conclusions drawn from this analysis should be reflected in the pedagogical and methodological decisions of the teaching plan.Un aspecto relevante del contexto en el que se encuadra un proyecto docente es el relativo a las características específicas de las personas que van a protagonizar el proceso de aprendizaje: los alumnos de la titulación. Sin duda alguna, los alumnos son la materia prima de las universidades, y la razón de su existencia. Analizar las características de los alumnos, su procedencia, objetivos, intereses, motivaciones, aspiraciones personales, etc., son elementos imprescindibles en todo proyecto. En este trabajo se realiza un estudio del perfil de los alumnos universitarios de Educación Infantil en general, y de los alumnos de una materia objeto de estudio en particular, Trastornos del desarrollo. Su procedencia, expectativas e intereses formativos y profesionales, sus conocimientos previos y estilos de aprendizaje, condicionan las decisiones docentes. Las conclusiones extraídas de este análisis deberán verse reflejadas en las decisiones pedagógicas y metodológicas del plan docente
Sound-Music Experiences and Maternal Sensitivity Following Preterm Birth: Contributions for the Model of Family-Centered Care.
Get PDFIntroduction: The model of Family-Centered Care strengthens the parents’ active role at the caring for the newborn baby. Prenatal maternal sound-music sensitivity increases at the third trimester of pregnancy and shows to be a good predictor of prenatal maternal attachment. Method: preterm mothers (N = 36) were interviewed about clinical and sociodemographic features as well as about their sound-music experiences after and before preterm delivery. Correlations between sociodemographic, clinical and sound-music experiences were performed. Results: sound-music experiences after preterm birth were associated with memories of sound-music experiences during pregnancy and seem to be influenced by previous abortions as well as by babies’ variables (gestational age at birth, weight at birth and chronological age at observation). Conclusion: The assessment of maternal sound-music experiences following preterm birth may be useful in an innovative way to strength the model of Family-Centered Care underlining the mothers’ active role at the attention directed to the vulnerable baby
Congruencia en conocimientos y educación afectivo-sexual en personas con DI
Get PDFIn education of people with intellectual disability (ID) it is important that the main agents involved (users, parents and professionals working with them) have common criteria about educational objectives in general, and especially, in sexuality. However, the three perspectives do not always coincide with the consequences of it. Taking into account the importance of identifying common needs and goals, we propose this work with the objective of knowing the degree of agreement between: 1) the knowledge that users have about sexuality and the attribution their parents and professionals made about them and 2) the opinion of parents, professionals and users on the need to provide/receive affective-sexual education. For this, 92 adults with ID (45.6% women, 54.4% men) with ages between 19 and 67 year old (M=37.5) and their parents and professionals, completed an instrument where they were asked about knowledge about sexuality and the interest of receiving training in affective-sexual education. Results indicate agreement respect to sexuality knowledge of 36.7% between parents and users and 58.4% between professionals and users. Regarding the agreement of the need to receive training in affective-sexual education, this was 75.5% between parents and users and 88.5% between professionals and users. The agreement between the three regarding this issue was high (74.7%). From these results we can conclude that professionals are better aware of the needs, skills and knowledge of the users than their own parents are but, all have in common the identification of the need to introduce in a standardized way affective-sexual education in this group.En la educación de las personas con diversidad funcional intelectual (DFI) es importante que los principales agentes implicados (usuarios/as, padres y profesionales que trabajan con ellos) posean criterios comunes acerca de los objetivos educativos en general, y especialmente, en el área de la sexualidad. Sin embargo, las tres perspectivas no siempre son coincidentes con las consecuencias que se derivan de ello. Teniendo en cuenta la importancia de la identificación de necesidades y metas comunes, planteamos este trabajo con el objetivo de conocer el grado de concordancia entre: 1) los conocimientos que los usuarios tienen sobre sexualidad y la que los padres y profesionales les atribuyen y 2) la opinión de padres, profesionales y usuarios/as sobre la necesidad de proveer/ recibir educación afectivo-sexual. Para ello, 92 adultos con DI (45.6% mujeres, 54.4% hombres) con edades entre los 19 y 67 años (M=37.5) y sus padres y profesionales, completaron un instrumento donde se les preguntaba acerca del conocimiento sobre sexualidad y sobre el interés de recibir formación en educación afectivo-sexual. Los resultados señalan una concordancia respecto a los conocimientos sobre sexualidad del 36.7% entre padres y usuarios/as y del 58.4% entre profesionales y usuarios. En cuanto a la concordancia respecto a la necesidad de recibir formación en educación afectivo-sexual, ésta fue 75.5% entre padres y usuarios/as y del 88.5% entre profesionales y usuarios. La concordancia entre los tres respecto a esta cuestión resultó alta (74.7%). A partir de estos resultados podemos concluir que los profesionales son mejores conocedores de las necesidad, capacidades y conocimientos de los/as usuarios/as de lo que lo son sus propios padres pero que todos tienen en común el identificar la necesidad de introducir de forma normalizada la educación afectivo-sexual en este colectivo
Comparación de las percepciones de los estudiantes de magisterio sobre los riesgos de internet para personas con y sin discapacidad intelectual y del desarrollo
Get PDFAlthough the Internet has multiple benefits for the society, it also involves some risks that must be identified. These risks may be perceived to be greater for some vulnerable groups such as children or people with disabilities. However, these inherent risks should not prevent people, and especially those with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD), from gaining online access. Instead, they should learn about the dangers and how to manage them. The purpose of this study is to explore the perceptions that student teachers have about risks of Internet use by people with and without IDD in order to compare them. A convenience sample of 121 student teachers was recruited into the study from which 77% were female students (n = 93) and the mean age was 21.79 years old (SD = 4.23). Participants had to respond to a questionnaire that included some demographic data and 30 potential Internet risks that were presented in a five-point Likert scale (1 = totally disagree; 5 = totally agree). Student teachers had to rate each risk twice, one for each of the groups investigated (people with IDD and without IDD). Although participants perceive Internet risks to be high for everyone, significant differences were found between groups. Student teachers perceive the Internet to be more risky for people with IDD than for the general population. Differences were particularly greater for questions related to cyberbullying, being exposed to inappropriate content, communicating with people not known to them or their families, spending too much time on social networking sites, and spending money online, among othersA pesar de que Internet tiene múltiples beneficios para la sociedad, también implica algunos riesgos que deben ser identificados. Estos riesgos se pueden percibir como mayores para algunos grupos más vulnerables como son los niños y las personas con discapacidad. No obstante, dichos riesgos no deben limitar el acceso a Internet, especialmente de las personas con discapacidad intelectual y del desarrollo (IDD). Por el contrario, se debería tener un mayor conocimiento sobre los peligros y cómo gestionarlos. El propósito de este estudio es explorar y comparar las percepciones que tienen los estudiantes de Magisterio sobre los riesgos del uso de Internet por personas con y sin IDD. Participó una muestra de conveniencia de 121 estudiantes de Magisterio de los cuales el 77% eran mujeres (n = 93) y la edad media de 21.79 años (DT = 4.23). Los participantes debían responder a un cuestionario que incluía algunas cuestiones sociodemográficas y 30 riesgos potenciales de Internet que se presentaron en una escala tipo Likert de cinco puntos (1 = Totalmente en desacuerdo; 5 = Totalmente de acuerdo). Los estudiantes debían valorar cada ítem dos veces, una para cada uno de los colectivos estudiados (personas con y sin IDD). A pesar de que los participantes perciben un alto riesgo en el uso de Internet, se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre los grupos. Los estudiantes de Magisterio perciben mayores riesgos en Internet para las personas con IDD que para el resto de la población en cuestiones como el ciberacoso, ser expuesto a contenido inapropiado, comunicarse con desconocidos, pasar demasiado tiempo en las redes sociales o gastar dinero online
Uso de la autoevaluación en asignaturas relacionadas con la discapacidad en alumnado de educación
Get PDFWe used self-assessment as strategies for the assessment of students in the Faculty of Education. We analysed the perception of students regarding their acquisition of skills in the area of disability, using problem-based learning as the teaching methodology. The results suggest that the self-assessment of students using rubrics is an appropriate tool for assessing basic skill levels.Se quiso utilizar la autoevaluación como estrategia de evaluación en alumnado de educación. Se analiza la percepción de los estudiantes sobre la adquisición de competencias vinculadas a la discapacidad utilizando como metodología docente el aprendizaje basado en problemas. Los resultados obtenidos permiten concluir que la autoevaluación mediante rúbricas supone una adecuada herramienta para evaluar el grado de adquisición de competencias básicas
Algunas características que explican el comportamiento de los jóvenes universitarios hacia el ahorro
Get PDFSome basic financial topics such as savings and investment are important and required for a financially educated society. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to identify some characteristics that explain the savings habit of college students, as well as finding if this habit differs in relation to gender. For that purpose 60 students from the Universidad Pedagógica of Veracruz were surveyed and for data analysis, the statistical techniques used were Z scores to test population proportion and ANOVA to determine if there are differences by gender between the means. The main findings point to students having a savings habit, even though the amounts are minimal ( smaller than than 3,000.00 mensuales) y en relación a la diferencia de medias por género, únicamente se comprobó que existe diferencia en la variable INCOME, no así en las otras tres (Exp-Food, Exp-Mort-Serv y SAVE)