International Journal of Developmental and Educational Psychology (Revista INFAD de Psicología)
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Research review on augmented reality as an educational resource for people with intellectual disabilities
Get PDFThe present study reviewed nine publications related to the application of augmented reality(AR)-based interventions to people with intellectual disabilities (ID). The lines of research developed focus on the areas of education, personal autonomy and health promotion. The studies are theoretical frameworks, design of AR-based applications, or quasi-experimental study designs without a control group. The samples, all of less than 15 subjects, have been chosen under intentional criteria. The devices that seem to prevail as preferred for its application in this group are the portable ones due to the wide range of intervention possibilities that they offer as well as the development potential of the personal autonomy that they allow. Results offer a positive view of the application of this technology to people with ID, although the characteristics of the studies do not allow yet its generalization. Among the reported benefits are: enhancing learning achievement, motivation and enjoyment of tasks, helping to understand information, enhancing orientation, raising the level of engagement
Sintomas psicopatológicos, estratégias de resolução de problemas e saúde do recém-nascido no período perinatal
Get PDFBackground: The perinatal period is a factor of vulnerability for women and men. Mechanisms of problems resolution are important for a healthy living during perinatality and for the health of baby. Goals: To understand the relationship between psychopathological symptoms (PPS) and problems’ resolution (PR) during pregnancy and postpartum, in women and men; to compare PPS and PR between pregnancy and postpartum in women and men; to analyze the differences in SPP on the one hand and on the other hand, according on the baby s health at birth. Methods: Longitudinal and prospective study. Sample of 134 women and men. Assessment in pregnancy, delivery and post-partum. Instruments: Socio-demographic and Clinical Questionnaire; BSI (Derogatis, 1993); IRP (Vaz-Serra, 1988). Results: Between PPS and PR the significant correlations are negative. Positive and significant correlations were found for PPS and PR between pre and postnatal periods in women and men. Exceptions were passive abandonment (PA-PR) in women and confronting and active resolution of problems (CARP-PR) in men. For women, during postnatal period, significant increases were found in: obsessions-compulsions, interpersonal sensitivity, hostility, paranoid ideation, psychoticism, symptoms general index, index of positive symptoms (IPS) and internal/external control of problems (IECP-PR). In the same period, men presented increases in IECP and ISP. The baby s health at birth was no different according to PPS and RP women and men in pregnancy, although the prenatal depression of men having babies with problems were higher, with marginal significance. Women having babies with health problems at birth presented averages significantly lower in solicitude for help (SFH-PR) at postpartum. The fathers showed a similar result, with marginal significance. Conclusions: During perinatal period, women present different and more complex pathways than men. A worsening of the psychological state is observed during the transition from pre to postnatal period because they have post-natal psychopathological higher symptoms in number and intensity. Women having babies with health problems at birth present difficulty in solicitude for help at postnatal period. In men a high consistency is observed between pre and postnatal data of psychological variables. Therefore, it is necessary to provide psychological support to women in this stage of life.Enquadramento: O período perinatal constitui vulnerabilidade psicológica para mulheres ehomens. Mecanismos de resolução de problemas poderão ser importantes na vivência saudável da perinatalidade e na saúde do bebé. Objetivos: Compreender a relação entre sintomas psicopatológicos (SPP) e resolução de problemas (RP) na gravidez e pós-parto, em mulheres e homens; comparar SPP e RP entre gravidez e pós-parto em mulheres e homens; analisar as diferenças nos SPP por um lado e na RP por outro lado, consoante a saúde do bebé ao nascer. Métodos: Estudo longitudinal e prospetivo. Amostra de 134 mulheres e homens na gravidez, parto e pós-parto. Instrumentos: Questionário Sociodemográfico e Clínico; BSI (Derogatis, 1993); IRP (Vaz-Serra, 1988). Resultados: Entre BSI e IRP, as correlações significativas são negativas. Entre períodos pré e pós-natal, mulheres e homens mostraram correlação positiva significativa nos SPP e na RP (exceto abandono passivo, nas mulheres, e confronto e resolução ativa dos problemas, nos homens). No período pós-natal, mulheres aumentaram significativamente obsessões-compulsões, sensibilidade interpessoal, depressão, hostilidade, ideação paranóide, psicoticismo, índice geral de sintomas, índice de sintomas positivos (ISP), e controlo interno/externo dos problemas (CIE). Os homens aumentaram ISP e CIE. A saúde do bebé ao nascer não foi diferente conforme SPP e RP das mulheres e homens na gravidez, embora a depressão pré-natal dos homens que vieram a ter bebés com problemas estivesse mais elevada, com significância marginal. No pós-parto, mães de bebés com problemas pontuaram menos na RP pedido de ajuda. Nos pais, observou-se resultado semelhante, com significância marginal. Conclusões: No período perinatal, as mulheres apresentam trajetória diferentes e mais complexas que os homens. As mulheres têm sintomas psicopatológicos pósnatais em maior número e intensidade. Mães de bebés com problemas ao nascer mostram dificuldade em pedir ajuda no período pós-natal. Nos homens existe grande concordância nas variáveis psicológicas pré e pós-natais. É necessário prestar apoio psicológico às mulheres nesta fase da vida
Sentido personal del rol y estrategias de afrontamiento en cuidadores de pacientes en hemodiálisis
Get PDFThis research was conducted in the care unit for patients with hemodialysis of the “Arnaldo Milián Castro” Hospital of the city of Villa Clara in the period that comprises from between September 2018 to January 2019. We pursued the objective of establishing the relation between coping strategies and expression indicators of the personal sense of role in caregivers of patients with hemodialysis. The sample was composed of 48 primary caregivers of patients being treated for renal replacement. We assumed a mixed research approach with a design of multiple integration taking into account the two stages the study comprises.In the course of the analysis, Targeting was identified as the commonest coping strategy used by caregivers in solving the problem. Similarly, Emotional Expression was identified as the less used. As indicators of expression of personal sense of role in caregivers we determined developing experience, positive emotional relationship and remuneration and perception of overload. For the study sample, no significant relation between coping strategies and indicators of expression of personal sense of the role were established. Meanwhile, the internal relation of both variables is recognized.La presente investigación se realizó en la Sala de Hemodiálisis del Hospital “Arnaldo Milián Castro” de la provincia de Villa Clara, en el período comprendido entre Septiembre del 2018 y enero de 2019. Se persiguió como objetivo establecer la relación entre las estrategias de afrontamiento y los indicadores de expresión del sentido personal del rol en cuidadores de pacientes en hemodiálisis. La muestra quedó conformada por 48 cuidadores principales de pacientes en tratamiento por sustitución renal. En el análisis se identificó la Focalización en la resolución del problema como la estrategia de afrontamiento más utilizada por los cuidadores y la Expresión emocional abierta como la menos empleada. Se determinaron como indicadores de expresión del sentido personal del rol en los cuidadores Experiencia desarrolladora, Relación emocional positiva, Retribución y Percepción de sobrecarga. Para la muestra de estudio no se establecieron relaciones significativas entre las estrategias de afrontamiento y los indicadores de expresión del sentido personal del rol. Por su parte, se reconocen relaciones a lo interno de ambas variables
Estudio de la satisfacción familiar a través del ESFA y posibles variables relacionadas en alumnos de ESO y Bachillerato
Get PDFStudy of family satisfaction through esfa and possible related variables in students of that and baccalaureate. The family is a fundamental pillar in the development of personality in children and adolescents. It is the family that has a primordial role when it comes to motivating their children either by giving support in the face of day-to-day adversities or by simply helping them to do their homework. For this reason, the main variable has been family satisfaction, from which other variables such as self-esteem or satisfaction with the results obtained during the course, among others, follow. The results or the child’s satisfaction with their results depend on their situation at home, on whether they face problems alone or on the contrary they feel supported and listened to. This study aims to demonstrate the importance of the family in the child or adolescent in addition to evaluating other variables that may be affected by inadequate family satisfaction.La familia es un pilar fundamental en el desarrollo de la personalidad en niños y adolescentes. Es la familia la que tiene un papel primordial a la hora de motivar a sus hijos ya sea dando apoyo ante las adversidades del día a día o simplemente ayudándoles a hacer los deberes. Por este motivo, se ha tomado como variable principal la satisfacción familiar de la que se desprenden posteriormente otras variables como la autoestima o la satisfacción con los resultados obtenidos durante el curso, entre otras. Los resultados o la satisfacción del niño con sus resultados dependen de su situación en casa, de si se enfrenta solo a los problemas o si por el contrario se siente apoyado y escuchado. Este estudio pretende demostrar la importancia que tiene la familia en el niño o adolescente además de evaluar otras variables que pueden verse afectadas por una satisfacción familiar inadecuada
Educação e emancipação humana: vivências de processos educativos no âmbito da extensão universitária
Get PDFIn this research, we analyzed the educational processes present in experiences of the University Extension in the scope of the Education Department of the State University of Paraiba/UEPB, Campus I, with emphasis on the praxis developed with the school community from the project of extension called Popular Education as mobilization of human emancipation. It is a qualitative research, with a participant perspective, considering the experiences and knowledge systematized through the scientific research developed within the framework of these experiences of reality. Conversation wheels, collective construction of educational activities and survey of the most significant issues were held. The research was based on Historical-cultural Psychology and Popular Education. It was verified that the openness to the coexistence and participation in the planning of educational activities extends possibilities, among them, of dialogue, creativity, recognition of oneself and the other in the construction of reality. Thus, it is understood that the experience, as well as the theoretical appropriation articulated through praxis, is essential in the effective construction of a process of formation of subjects in the perspective of an emancipatory culture. And, before the challenges of coexistence that contemporary society presents, it is strategic to create possibilities of coexistence and human solidarity between individuals and community; for this, education becomes equally essential.Nesta pesquisa analisaram-se os processos educativos presentes em vivências da ExtensãoUniversitária, no âmbito do Departamento de Educação do Campus I, da Universidade Estadual da Paraíba/UEPB/Brasil, com ênfase na práxis desenvolvida junto à comunidade escolar, a partir de um projeto de extensão, intitulado “educação popular como mobilização da cultura de emancipação humana”. Trata-se de uma pesquisa de abordagem qualitativa em educação, com perspectiva participante, considerando as vivências e os saberes sistematizados, através da pesquisa desenvolvida no âmbito dessas vivências. Realizaram-se rodas de conversa, construção coletiva de atividades educativas e levantamento das questões significativas. A pesquisa teve como base conceitual a Psicologia Histórico-Cultural e a Educação Popular. Verifica-se que a abertura para a convivência e a participação no planejamento das atividades educativas amplia possibilidades, entre as quais, de diálogo, de criatividade, de reconhecimento de si e do outro, na construção da realidade. Compreende-se que a vivência, assim como a apropriação teórica, articulada à práxis, é imprescindível na construção de um processo de formação de sujeitos, na perspectiva de uma cultura emancipatória. Diante dos desafios de convivência que a sociedade contemporânea apresenta é estratégico criar possibilidades de convivência e solidariedade entre as pessoas
Demencia frontotemporal: programa de intervención psicológica en afasia progresiva primaria fluente
Get PDFFrontotemporal Dementia (FTD) is a neurodegenerative disease that currently has no curative treatment. The prevalence of this syndrome is lower than other dementias such as Alzheimer’s disease, but it is the second cause of dementia in the non-elderly people. In the FTD, a frontal variant is distinguished whose symptoms are purely behavioral and three variants of Primary Progressive Aphasia (PPA) that are characterized by the presence of language difficulties at the beginning of the disease. The fluent or semantic variant of the PPA constitutes 20% of the cases of FTD, and the main symptoms presented by affected patients are related to the difficulty to access the meaning of the words, as well as to access the signifier of the same. This disease is described as a gradual decline of semantic memory, while other cognitive processes appear relatively conserved, at least in the early stages of the disease. This deterioration makes the daily life of the patient have great limitations that in turn compromise the daily life of their relatives and caregivers. With the aim of improving the quality of life of the people affected by PPA fluent or semantic variant, an intervention proposal consisting of 12 sessions of cognitive stimulation is presented. This proposal is aimed at stimulating language functions, without forgetting other cognitive domains related to pathology. Before and after the implementation of the program, an evaluation of the cognitive abilities of the person must be carried out in order to verify the evolution of the patient. Finally, some important recommendations for the advice and support of family members and caregivers are presented.La Demencia Frontotemporal (DFT) es una enfermedad neurodegenerativa que carece de tratamiento curativo en la actualidad. La prevalencia de este síndrome es menor que otras demencias como la Enfermedad de Alzheimer, pero constituye la segunda causa de demencia en población no anciana. En la DFT se distingue una variante frontal cuyos síntomas son puramente conductuales y tres variantes de Afasia Progresiva Primaria (APP) que se caracterizan por afectación en el lenguaje. En concreto, la variante fluente o semántica de la APP constituye un 20% de los casos de DFT, y los síntomas principales que presentan estos pacientes, están relacionados con dificultad para acceder al significado de las palabras, así como al significante de las mismas. Esta enfermedad se describe como un declive gradual de la memoria semántica, mientras que otros procesos cognitivos aparecen relativamente conservados, al menos en las primeras fases de la enfermedad. La vida diaria de estos pacientes tiene grandes limitaciones que a su vez comprometen la vida diaria de sus familiares y cuidadores. Con el objetivo de mejorar la calidad de vida de las personas afectadas por APP en su variante fluente o semántica, se presenta una propuesta de intervención formada por 12 sesiones de estimulación cognitiva. Dicha propuesta está dirigida a estimular las funciones del lenguaje, sin olvidar otros dominios cognitivos. Antes y después de implementar el programa debe realizarse una evaluación de las capacidades cognitivas de la persona, para poder comprobar la evolución del paciente. Por último, se presentan algunas recomendaciones importantes para el asesoramiento y apoyo de los familiares y cuidadores
Educação para a uma sexualidade positiva em crianças e adolescentes: vários olhares!
Get PDFPositive sexuality is an amalgam of convergences of thoughts, guided by tolerance and respect for difference, avoiding violence in the relationship that is intended to be loving. Children and young people’s behavior on tolerance and sexual diversity is greatly influenced by the way in which parents, teachers, educators, and health professionals themselves design the value of each sex. We intend to promote the discussion of sexuality and positive sex education in children and young people. Review of national and international literature on this issue. From the analysis it is concluded that young people do not have knowledge about sexuality. The onset of courtship and sexual intercourse is becoming more precocious. Violence is visible in sexuality, in intolerance, in the right to difference and in courtship. The demand for professionals by young people and primary health care is generally scarce and when they do so it is mainly due to contraception and / or pregnancy. Education for a positive sexuality is central to a balanced life. Sexual diversity must be approached with the naturalness of those who speak of affection, sharing, emotion, pleasure, magic, in an intelligent way of feeling, with respect and responsibility. Failure to respect a positive sexuality has negative repercussions on the development and present and future relationships, with different degrees of violence, from control to suicide. As parents, teachers, educators and responsible health professionals, we have a responsibility to seek ways to promote tolerance and sexual diversity of children and young people, rather than trying to moralize inappropriately, contributing to a pluralistic, just and healthy society.A sexualidade positiva é uma amalgama de convergências de pensamentos, orientada pela tolerância e respeito à diferença, evitando a violência na relação que se pretende amorosa. O comportamento das crianças e jovens, sobre tolerância e diversidade sexual é extremamente influenciado pela maneira como os pais, os professores, educadores e profissionais de saúde, concebem, eles próprios, o valor de cada sexo. Pretende-se promover a discussão da sexualidade e educação sexual positiva em crianças e jovens. Revisão da literatura nacional e internacional sobre a problemática em estudo. Da análise conclui-se que os jovens não têm conhecimentos sobre sexualidade. O início do namoro e das relações sexuais é cada vez mais precoce. Relativamente à sexualidade, a intolerância, o direito à diferença e a violência no namoro continuam muito presentes. A procura dos profissionais pelos jovens e cuidados de saúde primários é regra geral escassa e quando o fazem é, essencialmente, por motivos de contraceção e/ou gravidez. A educação para uma sexualidade positiva, é o “fio-de-prumo” de uma vida equilibrada onde a diversidade e tolerância sobre a sexualidade deve ocupar lugar primordial. A diversidade sexual deve ser abordada com a naturalidade, de quem fala de afeto, de partilha, emoção, prazer, magia, de uma forma inteligente de sentir, com respeito e responsabilidade. A não observância do respeito para com uma sexualidade positiva tem repercussões negativas no desenvolvimento e relações futuras, que pode, por vezes manifestarse com diferentes graus de violência, do controlo ao suicídio. Como pais, professores, educadores e profissionais de saúde responsáveis, temos o imperativo dever de procurar formas de promover a tolerância e diversidade sexual das crianças e jovens, ao invés de a tentar inadequadamente moralizar, contribuindo para uma sociedade mais plural, mais justa e mais saudável.
Problemas matemáticos, su resolución y dominio afectivo. Diferencias entre alumnos y alumnas del grado de maestro
Get PDFSince the mid-1970s there has been an interest in studying the relationship between gender and mathematics education . Nevertheless, only few studies have been carried out on this subject. On the other hand, in their research on teacher training, show the need to analyse the cognitions of the mathematics teacher as a requirement for the implementation of new forms of teaching. In our case, we consider it interesting to analyse the cognitions of future teachers. The work presented here addresses these two lines.To that end, we set out to analyse how affect influences the learning of mathematics and the resolution of mathematical problems (RMP) by students of primary school teaching (SPT). In this work, some results are derived from the administration of the questionnaire, on Affective Domain in the Resolution of Mathematical Problem to a sample of SPT, as well as the differences in this area between men and women.The sample on which the questionnaire was administered is composed of a total of 110 firstcourse SPT of the Faculty of Education of the University of Cantabria, Spain. The responses of 105 of these questionnaires were considered valid, of which 61 correspond to women and 44 to men.Through the answers to the 21 items in the questionnaire, dimensions such as beliefs about the nature of mathematical problems and their teaching and learning are analysed, as well as beliefs about oneself as a resolver of mathematical problems; attitudes and emotional reactions towards the RMP; and assessment of the training received in the teaching studies in relation to the RMP.Existe un interés por estudiar la relación entre el género y la educación matemática desde mediados de 1970 como señala, sin embargo, no parece que haya muchos trabajos sobre este tema. Por otra parte, en sus investigaciones sobre formación del profesorado ponen de manifiesto la necesidad de analizar las cogniciones del profesor de matemáticas como requisito para la implementación de nuevas formas de enseñanza. En nuestro caso, consideramos de interés el poder hacerlo sobre los futuros profesores. Y es en estas dos líneas en las que se puede encuadrar el trabajo que aquí se presenta.Para ello, nos propusimos analizar cómo los afectos influyen en el aprendizaje de las matemáticas, y en la resolución de problemas matemáticos (RPM) en estudiantes para maestro de primaria (EMP). En este trabajo, se aportan algunos resultados derivados de la administración del cuestionario de , sobre Dominio Afectivo en la Resolución de Problemas Matemáticos (RPM) a una muestra de EMP, así como las diferencias existentes en este ámbito entre hombres y mujeres.La muestra sobre la que se administró el cuestionario está conformada por un total de 110 EMP del primer curso de Magisterio de Educación Primaria, de la Facultad de Educación de la Universidad de Cantabria. Se dieron por válidas las respuestas de 105 de estos cuestionarios, de los que 61 corresponden a mujeres y 44 a hombres. A través de las respuestas a los 21 ítems de que consta el cuestionario se analizan dimensiones tales como: Creencias acerca de la naturaleza de los problemas matemáticos y de su enseñanza y aprendizaje. Creencias acerca de uno mismo como resolutor de problemas matemáticos. Actitudes y reacciones emocionales hacia la RPM. Valoración de la formación recibida en los estudios de magisterio en relación con la RPM
Inteligencia emocional y ajustada interacción social como factor competencial de comunicación. Un estudio universitario
Get PDFThe adjustment to social interactions is one of the most important keys when evaluating emotional intelligence and more specifically the sensitivity to social interactions based on communicative processes of both verbal and nonverbal and emotional nature. In this work, we analyse these processes in students of the degrees of Tourism, Marketing and Advertising and Public Relations, as well as their respective double degrees (Advertising and Public Relations and Tourism, and Marketing and Advertising) belonging to the University of Cádiz. He was administered the Test of Sensitivity to Social Interactions (TESIS). The different levels of adjustment to social interaction were analysed, both sensitivity and insensibility, whether naive or over-interpretive. We analysed the levels of adjustment to social interaction by gender, by academic qualifications obtained as well as by the type of academic grade developed (a degree or a double degree). Differences were found about the Degree in which they were enrolled and the different levels of adjustment to the scenes proposed. Only 44.4% of the sample exceeded 52 cent of the administered test. Different forms of adjustment were also found about the audiovisual characteristics of the scenes presented.El ajuste a las interacciones sociales es una de las claves más importantes a la hora de evaluar la inteligencia emocional y más concretamente la sensibilidad a las interacciones sociales basada en los procesos comunicativos de índole tanto verbal como no verbal y emocional. En el presente trabajo analizamos estos procesos en estudiantes de los grados de Turismo, Marketing y Publicidad y Relaciones Públicas, así como sus respectivos dobles grados (Publicidad y Relaciones Públicas y Turismo; y Marketing y Publicidad) pertenecientes a la Universidad de Cádiz. Se le administró el Test de Sensibilidad a las Interacciones Sociales (TESIS). Se analizaron los diversos niveles de ajuste a la interacción social, tanto de sensibilidad como de insensibilidad ya fuera ingenua o sobre-interpretadora. Se analizaron los niveles de ajuste a la interacción social por género, por calificaciones académicas obtenidas, así como también por el tipo de Grado académico desarrollado (un Grado o un doble Grado). Se encontraron diferencias en relación al Grado en el que se encontraban matriculados y los diferentes niveles de ajuste a las escenas planteadas. Sólo un 44.4% de la muestra superaba el centil 52 de la prueba administrada. También fueron encontradas diferentes formas de ajuste en relación a las características audiovisuales de las escenas planteadas
Programas educativos: ¿en qué se ha basado su construcción durante la última década?
Get PDFThe scientific productivity on educational programs, and their construction, has increased considerably in recent years from different fields of education, health and educational management. From the line of educational improvement it has been suggested that educational programs are at the base of all school improvement processes. The purpose of this study is to offer a review of the current state of research in this field to identify the main scientific contributions during the period from 2010 to 2019. The analysis unit was composed of 62 documents extracted from the Web of Science. (WOS) and selected for review according to the purpose of the work. From the review it can be highlighted that the scientific interest in this area has been increasing, evidenced by the increase in temporal productivity, as well as indicating that the objectives and the democratic construction of these have been emphasized. In addition, there is a tendency to carry out work individually and a high number of authors classified as passers-by based on productivity analysis by author. In this way, the contribution of this review offers reference material for future research, as it covers the identification and analysis of the main fields of study in this field.La productividad científica sobre los Programas educativos, y su construcción, se ha incrementado considerablemente en los últimos años desde distintos campos de la Educación, la salud y la gestión educativa. Desde la línea de mejoramiento educativo se ha planteado que los programas educativos están a la base de todos los procesos de mejora escolar. Es objeto del presente estudio ofrecer una revisión del estado actual de la investigación en dicho ámbito para identificar las principales aportaciones científicas durante la etapa comprendida entre los años 2010 a 2019. La unidad de análisis se compuso por 62 documentos extraídos de la Web of Sciencie (WOS) y seleccionados para su revisión en función del objetivo del trabajo. De la revisión se puede destacar que el interés científico en esta área ha ido en aumento, evidenciado por el incremento de la productividad temporal, así como también se puede indicar que se ha enfatizado en los objetivos y la construcción democrática de éstos. Además, se observa una tendencia a realizar los trabajos en forma individual y un número alto de autores clasificados como transeúntes en función del análisis de productividad por autor. De este modo, el aporte de esta revisión ofrece material de referencia para futuras investigaciones, en tanto abarca la identificación y análisis de los principales campos de estudio en este ámbito