Digitalni arhiv Filozofskog fakulteta u Zagrebu
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Anthropological view on co-evolution of language and genetics: reflecting on hypothesis of Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza
No full textCilj ovog diplomskog rada je predstaviti, analizirati i protumačiti vezu i evoluciju jezika i
genetike. Razmotrit će se i kritičkim čitanjem obraditi radovi Cavalli-Sforze i ostali
komentari na ovu temu. Između evolucije gena i jezika postoje važne sličnosti. U oba
slučaja promjena se prvo pojavi u jednoj jedinki, a potom se može proširiti kroz cijelu
populaciju. Kod gena te promjene nazivamo mutacijama; one prelaze s genercije na
generaciju te se prenose s roditelja na djecu. Lingvističke promjene su mnogo učestalije i
mogu se prenositi s osobe na osobu i kada te osobe nisu bliski srodnici. Zbog toga se jezici
mijenjaju brže od gena.This paper aims to present, analyze and interpret relationship and evolution of languages
and genetics through critical reading and interpretation of work of Luigi Luca CavalliSforza. There are many similarities between genes and languages. In both cases changes
happen first in one unit and after that it can spread through whole population. Those
changes in genes are calles mutations and they can transcend from generation to
generation, from parents to children. On the other hand linguistic changes are much more
frequent and they can translate from person to person whether or not they are genetically
related. For that reason, languages change faster than genes
Value oriented communication
No full textNaslov doktorske disertacije je Vrijednosno orijentirana komunikacija, budući je
komunikacija sredstvo kojim se najviše koriste učitelji u odgoju i obrazovanju učenika, utječu
i suoblikuju njihov svjetonazor, njihove vrijednosti kroz svakodnevnu interakciju s učenicima.
Disertacija se temelji na istraživanjima univerzalnih humanih vrijednosti, odnosno
predstavljenom teorijom ljudskih vrijednosti Miltona Rokeacha, teorijom univerzalnih
sadržaja i strukture vrijednosti Shaloma H. Schwartza i Claire Gravesovom teorijom o
spiralnim razinama čovjekova postojanja.
Cilj doktorskog istraživanja bio je utvrditi obilježja vrijednosno orijentirane
komunikacije: vrijednosnog sustava učitelja i njihovog komunikološkog profila koji se sastoji
iz ispitivanja dimenzija komunikacijskog stila te stupnja usvojenosti komunikacijskog
bontona. Do sada se nije istraživao međusobni utjecaj navedenih dimenzija ili aspekata već
samo komunikacijskih stilova ili samo osobnih vrijednosti. Istraživanjem se došlo do spoznaja
o temeljnim komunikacijskim kompetencijama učitelja i njihovom komunikacijskog profilu.
Korišteni upitnik vrijednosno orijentirane komunikacije sastoji se od tri dijela, odnosno tri
upitnika. U prvome upitniku na svim skupinama ispitanika primijenjen je Schwartzov upitnik
osobnih vrijednost PVQ (Portrait Value Questionnaire; Schwartz i sur., 2001), s ciljem
mjerenja vrijednosnih prioriteta ispitanika prije bilo kakve intervencije. Drugi upitnik odnosi
se na ispitivanje temeljnih obilježja komunikacijskih stilova učitelja CSI (The
Communication Styles Inventory; de Vries, 2013) i treći upitnik odnosi se na komunikacijski
bonton (Bakić-Tomić, 2003). Istraživanje je provedeno na stratificiranom uzorku od 258
učiteljica i učitelja u 17 osnovnih škola na području Zagrebačke županije. U uzorku su
zastupljeni učitelji predmetne nastave odgojno-obrazovnih područja: društvenog i jezičnog
područja, prirodoslovnog područja i odgojnog područja, sukladno NOK-u. Podaci dobiveni
anketnim ispitivanjem analizirani su metodama parametrijske i neparametrijske statistike, s
ciljem identifikacije funkcionalnog odnosa varijabli.
Opća hipoteza istraživanja glasi: Vrijednosno orijentirana komunikacija
osnovnoškolskih učitelja primarnog obrazovanja sukladna je očekivanim proklamiranim
vrijednostima izrečenim u Ustavu Republike Hrvatske, Zakonu o odgoju i obrazovanju za
osnovnu i srednju školu i Nacionalnom okvirnom kurikulumu, koja je većim dijelom
prihvaćena.
Povezanosti univerzalnih humanih vrijednosti, dimenzija stilova komuniciranja i
komunikacijskog bontona ključevi su za međusobno povezivanje pojedinih kategorija unutar upitnika, a njihova uzajamna povezanost prikazana je teorijskim modelom vrijednosno
orijentirane komunikacije. Ukoliko se univerzalne humane vrijednosti (nenasilje, mir, ljubav,
ispravnost, dobrohotnost), koje se mogu naći u svim društvima bez obzira na kulturološke,
socijalne, religijske i druge razlike izražavaju na empatičan, nenasilan, asertivan i
kongruentan način, koristeći primjeren komunikaciji stil i sa znanjem i primjenom
komunikacijskog bontona, odnosno pozitivno oblikovanim komunikacijskim profilom, tada je
to vrijednosno orijentirana komunikacija prikazana teorijskim modelom koji se sastoji iz tri
razine komuniciranja, koje u sebi sadrže odgovarajuće stilove komuniciranja, vrijednosti i
elemente komunikacijskog bontona: Prva razina komuniciranja djeluje prema „ja“ paradigmi i
predstavlja sebičnu komunikaciju. Osobi je važna vlastita sigurnost, osjećaji, interesi, uspjeh,
često se služi verbalnom agresijom, manipuliranjem, ucjenama, predrasudama i blokiranjem
komunikacije zbog kontrole nad sugovornikom. Druga razina komuniciranja djeluje prema
„ti“ paradigmi i predstavlja proaktivnu komunikaciju, okrenutu drugima s poštovanjem, a
vlastiti interesi su načela u cilju postizanja konstruktivnih rješenja za obje strane. Treća razina
komuniciranja djeluje prema „mi“ paradigmi i predstavlja asertivnu komunikaciju te empatiju
i razumijevanje prema drugima, precizno izražen zajednički cilj i spremnost na odricanje u
ime zajednice. Istraživanje potvrdilo je da učitelji primarnog obrazovanja dominantno koriste
treću razinu komuniciranja i djelomično drugu, a vrlo rijetko prvu razinu komuniciranja iz
čega se zaključuje da učitelji najvećim dijelom koriste treću razinu vrijednosno orijentirane
komunikacije.
Znanstveni doprinos doktorske disertacije jest definiranje teorijskog modela
vrijednosno orijentirane komunikacije koji je i empirijski provjeren na uzorku učitelja
primarnog obrazovanja Zagrebačke županije u Republici Hrvatskoj. Vrijednosno orijentirana
komunikacija sastoji se od deset univerzalnih humanih vrijednosti, povezanih sa dimenzijama
komunikacijskih stilova te komunikacijskim bontonom (komunikacijske kompetencije), što
predstavlja teorijski model vrijednosno orijentirane komunikacije učitelja.
Praktični doprinos disertacije jest izrada komunikacijskog profila učitelja primarnog
obrazovanja Zagrebačke županije.The doctoral dissertation entitled Values oriented communication' by the author
Giovanna Kirinic focuses on the value oriented communication of elementary school teachers,
since communication is the most frequently used tool by teachers for education, who
influence and assist in shaping the attitudes and worldview of pupils through everyday
interaction.
The aim of the research has been to determine the attributes of value oriented
communication: the value system of teachers and their communication profile, which
consisted of determining the dimensions communication style as well as the level of
communication etiquette. This offered us a clearer picture of the basic communication
competences of teachers.
The main research question was aimed at determining whether a significant correlation
exists between individual aspects of teacher’s communication profile, which further consists
of communication style and communication etiquette, as well as the human value system of
teachers.
Research until now on the universality of human values has been done by Schwartz
(1992; 1994; 2012), who corroborated their existence by his research, which included 80
countries all over the world. The results of his research have been used as a foundation for
creating and enhancing his universal human values structure theory as well as confirming that
despite linguistic, cultural, religious and other differences, all values could be classified into
ten types of values which are universal to all humans and that the only differences could be
found in their hierarchy, with the content remaining the same. De Vries studies
communications styles and used a very delicate questionnaire in order to define three positive
and three negative aspects of communication styles. Communication etiquette on the other
hand refers to individuals’ skills and habits. Communication etiquette, which stems from
Watzlavick’s communication laws and Wahlroos’ rules for quality interpersonal
communication, defines the very core of interpersonal relations. Communication styles and
communication etiquette represent important elements of the communication profile of an
individual, who of course also has his/her certain value system. Given that all the
aforementioned elements are mutually interdependent and are parts of a whole, i.e. represent
the uniqueness of each human being, the question which arises is how the human value
oriented communication of an individual, i.e. teacher, looks like? Is it aligned with the values
determined by national laws as it is expected of teachers? Is the teachers’ communication
oriented toward human values and in which way?
If the universal human values (non-violence, peace, love, proper conduct, benevolence
etc.), which can be found in all societies notwithstanding the cultural, social, religious and
other differences, are expressed in an emphatic, assertive and congruent way, using an
appropriate communication style, thereby being familiar with and applying communication
etiquette, i.e. using a positively shaped communication profile, we can call this type of
communication values oriented communication.
The dissertation comprises of ten chapters. Eight chapters are focusing on theory and
two are focusing on the presentation of our research, discussion of the results and conclusions.
The theoretical part of the dissertation focuses on the universal human values, their definition
and formulation. An overview of research on universal human values follows, presenting the
theory of human values by Milton Rokeach, the theory of universal content and values
structure by Shalom H. Schwartz, Claire Graves’ theory on spiral levels of human existence,
the position which ‘value’ as a concept takes in the Croatian curriculum as well as explicit
teaching of human values within the educational system and lastly, presentation of demands
which are placed on the teachers in the sense of mediating their own value systems using
communication and interaction with the pupils.
Communication process with its different levels and dimensions is explained, as well
as theories of communication and relationship perspectives. Communication profile of an
individual is also explained in detail, which consists of five aspects: non-verbal, verbal,
relational, dialog and unconscious potential, as well as numerous communication styles
classifications, communication etiquette and communication competences of communicators.
Lastly, the dimensions of value oriented communication as defined, which are: assertive, nonviolent, congruent, emphatic and educational level.
The cornerstone of this dissertation lies in the humane, communication systemdynamic theory, which proposes that all elements of the communication system need to be
defined from the human point of view, which implies the necessity of beforehand planned
inclusion of the human values communication into the educational process.
The research has been conducted on the sample of 258 teachers of both genders
employed in 17 elementary schools throughout the County of Zagreb. The sample is fitting for
the actual teacher population structure which the conclusion on the sample representability
corroborated. The average age of teachers in the sample was 43, 24 years, with the average years of service 16, 22. Teachers teaching grades four to eight of all educational fields have
been included in the sample: humanistic, linguistic and natural sciences, as well as
educational field, in accordance with the National Curriculum Framework. Data collected
using polls has been analysed using parametric and non-parametric statistics methods, with
the aim of determining a functional variable relationship.
The value oriented communication questionnaire battery consisted of three
questionnaires. For the first questionnaire the Schwartz PVQ has been administered among all
groups of subjects (Portrait Value Questionnaire; Schwartz et al, 2001), with the aim of
measuring the subjects’ values priorities before any intervention has occurred. The second
questionnaire examined the basic attributes of the teachers’ communication styles (The
Communication Styles Inventory; de Vries, 2013) whereas the third questionnaire examined
the communication etiquette of an individual (Bakić-Tomić, 2003).
The general research hypothesis was: the value oriented communication of elementary
school teachers is in accordance with the expected proclaimed values written in the
Constitution of the Republic of Croatia, Education Law for Elementary and Secondary
Education and the National Curriculum Framework. The hypothesis has been partially
corroborated. Auxiliary hypotheses were as follows: H1 – ‘the teachers prefer an assertive
communication style’. The hypothesis has been corroborated, although it has been expanded
to the dimension of semi-open (hidden) communication style. H2 – ‘the teachers have quality
communication with the pupils (communication etiquette). High achievement on this
questionnaire was expected (above 80%) however the teachers have achieved only 71,82% on
the communication etiquette questionnaire, which implies that the hypothesis has not been
corroborated. H3 – the ten universal human values of teachers are not statistically
significantly correlated with the teachers’ communication styles dimensions. The hypothesis
has been partially corroborated. H4 – the ten universal human values of teachers are not
statistically significantly correlated with the quality of their communication with the pupils,
i.e. communication etiquette. The hypothesis has been only partially corroborated. H5 – there
is no statistically significant correlation between the communication style dimensions and
individual communication etiquette aspects (quality communication with the pupils
attributes). The hypothesis has been only partially corroborated, because the communication
etiquette is correlated in 10 out or 24 attributes of communication styles, which means that
communication etiquette and communication styles are statistically significantly correlated
with regard to 50% of attributes outlined in the questionnaire. H6 – the teachers who
specialise in different educational fields (humanistic, linguistic and natural sciences,
educational field) do not significantly differ with regard to the application of certain
communication styles dimensions. The hypothesis has been corroborated. H7 – the teachers
who specialise in different educational fields (humanistic, linguistic and natural sciences,
educational field) do not significantly differ with regard to the application of communication
etiquette. The hypothesis has been only partially corroborated because the teachers who
specialise in the educational field are statistically significantly more apt at communication
etiquette than other educational groups in schools. With regard to the communication
etiquette, statistically significant differences have been found only for prejudice and blockade,
where teachers specialising in education fields achieved higher results than teachers
specialising in natural sciences.
The correlation between universal human values, communication styles dimension and
communication etiquette are keys to inter-correlation of individual categories within the scope
of the questionnaire. Comparing universal human values with the communication style
dimensions as well as with communication etiquette, three theoretical hypotheses about their
mutual correlation have been proposed in order to examine their actual correlation on the
sample used in our research. The aim was to test the theoretical model in practice: H1 –
communication styles dimensions (emotionality and precision) are correlated with
communication etiquette (quality message receiving) and with universal human values of
higher degree (self-transcendence), which represents the assertive communication level. H2 –
communication styles dimensions (inquisitiveness and expressiveness) are correlated with
communication etiquette (quality message sending) and universal human values of higher
degree (openness to change), which represents the level of proactive communication. H3 –
communication style dimensions (verbal aggressiveness and manipulation) are correlated with
communication etiquette (prejudice and blockade) and universal human values of higher
degree (self-enhancement and conservation), which represents the level of selfish
communication. All hypotheses have been partially corroborated, which means that due to
insufficiently developed communication competences as well as a variety of different
education situations in which the teachers find themselves on an everyday basis, the teachers
employ different communication styles as well as inappropriate communication skills and
habits which are acquired due to prejudice. This has a direct impact on co-shaping the value
systems of their pupils. The mutual correlation of all the aforementioned elements and
interpersonal relations in school between the teachers and pupils has been presented by the theoretical model of values oriented communication.
The scientific contribution of the doctoral dissertation is creating a theoretical model
of human values oriented communication, which has been empirically tested on elementary
school teachers in the Zagreb County of the Republic of Croatia. The values oriented
communication consists of ten universal human values, which are connected with three
positive and three negative communication styles dimensions as well as communication
etiquette (communication competence). The practical contribution of the dissertation is
creation of the communication profile of teachers in the Zagreb County as well as creation of
their values oriented communication model
Gerilsko vrtlarstvo kao metoda zaštite i očuvanja javnog prostora
No full textTema ovog rada je gerilsko vrtlarstvo kao urbani društveni pokret kojim se nastoji očuvati i zaštiti javni prostor u gradu. S obzirom na nedostatak stručne literature koja se bavi ovim relativno novim društvenim fenomenom, njegova analiza zahtjeva uvid u različite kritičke misli o odnosu društva prema prostoru i utjecaja tog odnosa na prostornu politiku grada. U tom kontekstu koristili smo koncepte o prostoru kao društvenom proizvodu, o proizvodnji prostora i o prostornoj diskriminaciji. (Lefebvre, H., Harvey D., Castells, M.) U radu se gerilsko vrtlarstvo razmatra kao neinstitucionalizirani način skretanja pažnje na društvene procese koji umanjuju ključnu karakteristiku javnog prostora kao sveopće dostupnog. (privatizacija, kapitalistički mehanizmi) Zbog snažne ekološke i političke dimenzije, rad pomoću primjera nudi uvid u kompleksnost gerilskog vrtlarstva kao urbanog pokreta koji ponovnim uspostavljanjem veze čovjeka s prirodom, decentraliziranom organizacijom i heterogenim skupinama podupiratelja, oblikuje javni prostor na lokalnoj razini.The theme of this paper is guerrilla gardening as an urban social movement that seeks to preserve and protect public space in the city. Given the lack of professional literature dealing with this relatively new social phenomenon, its analysis requires an insight into various critical thoughts on the relation of society to space and the influence of that relationship on the spatial politics of the city. In this context, we used the concepts of space as a social product, space production, and spatial discrimination. (Lefebvre, H., Harvey D., Castells, M.) Guerrilla gardening is considered as an uninitialized way of turning attention to social processes that reduce the key feature of public space as universally available. (privatization, capitalist mechanisms) Due to the strong ecological and political dimensions, this work trough various examples offers an insight into the complexity of guerrilla gardening as an urban movement that by re-establishing a relationship with nature, decentralized organization and heterogeneous groups of supporters, forms public space at the local level
Simptomi poremećaja hranjenja i online pretraživanje
No full textThe objective of this study was to determine what topics searched on the Internet can successfully distinguish women who are at risk from those non-risk for an eating disorder development. The connection between three subscales of perfectionism and frequency of online searching for eating disorders related topics has also been examined. Research was conducted online with convenience sample consisting of 228 women. After completing sociodemographic data, participants fulfilled CSS questionnaire for cyberchondria, SCOFF questionnaire for eating disorders, APS-R for perfectionism and short check-list measuring the frequency of certain topic searched on the Internet. Results indicate that risk and non-risk women, according to SCOFF, can be differentiated by searching terms related to food, diets, exercising, body appearance and eating disorders. Discriminant analysis showed that area most successful in a classification of participants into two groups is food. Subscales of APS-R (the Standards, Discrepancy, and Order) were used in the hierarchical regression analysis for prediction of online searched topics frequency. Only Discrepancy subscale, measure of maladaptive perfectionism, appeared as a significant predictor. This relationship is mediated by eating disorder symptoms on SCOFF screener. These findings suggest that women with higher risk of eating disorder development more frequently use the Internet for searching weight-loss methods, especially those related to dieting and food in general.Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je odrediti koje teme pretraživane na internetu mogu uspješno razlikovati žene rizične za razvoj poremećaja hranjenja od onih nerizičnih. Također je ispitivana povezanost između triju subskala perfekcionizma i frekvencije online pretraživanja tema povezanih s poremećajima hranjenja. Istraživanje je provedeno online na prigodnom uzorku od 228 žena. Nakon odgovaranja na sociodemografska pitanja, sudionice su dale svoje odgovore na CSS skali cyberchondrije, SCOFF upitniku za poremećaje hranjenja, APS-R skali za perfekcionizam i kratkoj listi označavanja koja ispituje frekvenciju pretraživanja pojedine teme na internetu. Rezultati pokazuju da se žene kategorizirane kao one s rizikom i one bez rizika prema SCOFF-u, mogu razlikovati po pretraživanim terminima vezanim uz hranu, dijete, vježbanje, izgled tijela i poremećaje hranjenja. Diskriminacijska analiza pokazala je da su najuspješnije u klasifikaciji sudionica u dvije grupe teme vezane uz hranu. Podljestvice APS-R upitnika (Standardi, Diskrepanca i Red), korištene su u hijerarhijskoj regresijskoj analizi za predikciju učestalosti pretraživanja tema online. Samo se Diskrepanca, mjera neadaptivnog perfekcionizma, pokazala značajnim prediktorom. Medijator ovoj povezanosti je izraženost simptoma poremećaja hranjenja na SCOFF-u. Ovi nalazi upućuju na to da žene s povećanim rizikom za razvoj poremećaja hranjenja češće koriste internet za pretraživanje metoda za gubitak kilograma, posebno one povezane s držanjem dijete i hranom općenito
Technology of Neolithic pottery from the southern Istria
No full textCilj doktorskog rada jest interpretacija tehnologije izrade neolitičke keramike u Istri.
Prvi dio istraživanja temelji se na tehnološko-makroskopskoj analizi neolitičkog
lončarstva pojedinih nalazišta, dok se drugi dio istraživanja bazira na obradi
etnografskih podataka izrade istarske keramike i izvedbi eksperimentalnog načina
pečenja keramike. Upotreba etnografskih podataka ne predstavlja direktnu analogiju u
istraživanju, već ukazuje na moguće modele izrade, njihovu upotrebu što je ključno za
razumijevanje tehnologije izrade neolitičke lončarije. Primjeri s etnografske razine
djelomično su korišteni pri arheološkim pokusima kod selektivnog izbora i upotrebe
prirodnih sedimenata. Rezultati makroskopske analize uzoraka eksperimentalno pečene
keramike uspoređeni su s rezultatima makroskopskih analiza uzoraka izvorne neolitičke
keramike. Ovako dobiveni podatci uspoređeni su s objavljenim rezultatima
mikroskopski obrađenih uzoraka zemlje i pojedinih ulomaka neolitičke keramike na
području Istre i Dalmacije, kako bi se dobila što bolja slika tehnologije neolitičke
proizvodnje keramičkih posuda. Ovakav način istraživanja arheologu-istraživaču
omogućuje spoznaju o tehnološkom procesu nastanka i proizvodnje lončarije tijekom
različitih razdoblja prapovijesti kao i kasnijih povijesnih razdoblja. Osim toga
istraživanja omogućuju dobivanje rezultata s pomoću kojih možemo dijelom prepoznati
i povezati niz čimbenika u području istraživanja i rekonstrukcije društvene i religijske
strukture prapovijesnih zajednica i njihov odnos prema obrtničkim slojevima - u ovom
slučaju prema lončarima u Istri.The aim of this doctoral paper is to interpret the production technology of the Neolithic
ceramics in Istria. The first part of the study is based on the technological-macroscopic
analysis of the Neolithic ceramics of some sites and the second part of the study is based
on the processing of ethnographic data on the production of the Istrian ceramics and the
implementation of the experimental method of ceramics firing. The ethnographic data
are not used as a direct analogy in the study, though they point to possible models of
production, their use, which is essential for understanding the technology of the
Neolithic pottery production. The examples at the ethnographic level were partially used
in archaeological experiments for the selection and use of natural sediments. The
microscopic analysis results of samples of the experimentally fired ceramics were
compared to the macroscopic analyses results of samples of the original Neolithic
ceramics. The data thus obtained were compared with published results of
microscopically processed soil samples and some fragments of Neolithic ceramics in
Istria and Dalmatia to obtain the best possible image of the Neolithic production
technology of ceramic pottery. This type of research enables the archaeologistresearcher to comprehend the technological process of pottery creation and production
through different prehistoric periods as well as some later historical periods. In addition,
the study allows us to obtain results which enable a partial identification and connection
of many factors in the research field and the reconstruction of the social and religious
structure of prehistoric communities and their relation to the craftsman class – in this
case to potters in Istria
Analisi dell'interazione in classe : l'uso delle domande nell'insegnamento dell'italiano come lingua straniera
No full textL’interesse per i processi di insegnamento e di apprendimento in classe ha una lunga tradizione nella storia della glottodidattica. Nel campo dell’insegnamento delle lingue straniere, l’interesse si è spostato dai metodi di insegnamento all’analisi dell’interazione in classe, essendo quest’ultima considerata l’elemento più importante nel processo di apprendimento di una lingua straniera.
L’interesse per l’analisi dell’interazione tra gli studenti e i docenti deriva dalla convinzione che proprio questo processo contribuisca fondamentalmente all’effettivo apprendimento. Un insegnamento efficace è correlato alla gestione efficace dell’interazione.
L’interazione in classe, che è un tipo specifico e autonomo di interazione, diventa oggetto di diverse ricerche il cui scopo è analizzare, capire e spiegare che cosa si fa in classe, nonché facilitare l’apprendimento stesso. Si studia la comunicazione tra insegnante e studente, e tra studente e studente.
Nella presente tesi, sulla base alla letteratura presente in materia, si fornirà una rassegna delle diverse teorie linguistiche della comunicazione in generale. In seguito si identificheranno e si descriveranno le caratteristiche principali del discorso che si svolge nell’aula scolastica.
A tal fine, si eseguirà una ricerca sull’interazione in classe con studenti di due scuole croate in cui si insegna italiano come lingua straniera. Si analizzerà l’uso delle domande dell’insegnante e si classificheranno vari tipi di domande dell’insegnante adattando le classificazioni esistenti al contesto croato. I risultati della ricerca saranno analizzati e interpretati nella seconda parte di questo lavoro
Drže li se stranke svoje proklamirane ideologije: analiza predizbornih programa najznačajnijih političkih stranaka u RH
No full textRaspisivanjem parlamentarnih izbora krajem 2016. godine političke su stranke objavile političke programe kako bi se njihovi potencijalni glasači mogli informirati te objektivno donijeti odluku kome dati svoj glas. Političke stranke su uglavnom utemeljene na tradiciji te političkim ideologijama koje su postojale i mnogo dulje od njih samih. Cilj ovog rada je analizirati koliko se najjače hrvatske političke stranke drže proklamiranih ideologija
Work into family conflict as a mediator between work hours and psychophysical health of working parents
No full textCilj ovog istraživanja bio je ispitati odnos između broja radnih sati i psihofizičkog (psihološkog i muskuloskeletalnog) zdravlja zaposlenih roditelja te provjeriti moderatorski efekt spola i medijatorske efekte dvije dimenzije konflikta rad – obitelj (vremenski i konflikt opterećenja) na ovaj odnos. Provelo se korelacijsko istraživanje on-line metodom na uzorku od 377 sudionika zaposlenih minimalno 6 mjeseci te s minimalno jednim djetetom mlađim od 18 godina. Sudionici su ispunili Skalu muskuloskeletalnih simptoma (Barton i sur., 1995), Upitnik općeg zdravlja-12 (Goldberg, 1988) te dvije subskale Skale konflikta radne i obiteljske uloge (Subskala vremenski konflikt i Subskala konflikt opterećenja smjer rad – obitelj) (Carlson, Kacmar i Williams, 2000). Rezultati su pokazali da su radni sati samostalan prediktor obje dimenzije konflikta rad – obitelj, te da je konflikt opterećenja, ali ne i vremenski konflikt, samostalan prediktor psiholoških i muskuloskeletalnih simptoma zaposlenih roditelja. Nadalje, potvrđen je moderatorski efekt spola na odnos između broja radnih sati i zdravlja sudionika, a potpuni medijacijski efekt konflikta opterećenja na isti odnos potvrđen je samo kod žena. Suprotno očekivanjima, vremenski konflikt nije posredovao odnosu broja radnih sati i zdravlja zaposlenih majki.The goal of this study was to examine the relationship between work hours and psychophysical (psychological and musculoskeletal) health of working parents and to examine whether sex moderates this relationship. Also, we wanted to know if two dimensions of work into life conflict (Time-based and Strain-based) mediate this relationship. On-line correlatin research was conducted on a sample of 377 participants who were at least 6 months employed and had at least one child under the age of 18. Participants completed Musculoskeletal symptoms scale (Barton et al., 1995), GHQ-12 (Goldberg, 1988) and two subscales of the Work-family conflict scale (Time-based and Strain-based work into family) (Carlson, Kacmar and Williams, 2000). The results showed that work hours have a significant independent contribution in predicting both subscales of work into family conflict. Also, Strain-based, but not Time-based conflict, has a significant independent contribution in predicting psychological and musculoskeletal symptoms of working parents. Furthermore, sex moderated the relationship between work hours and health. Also, Strain-based conflict fully mediated the same relationship, but only in women. Contrary to our expectations, Time-based conflict did not explain the relationship between work hours and health of working mothers
Društveni utjecaj socijalnih zadruga u Hrvatskoj: studija slučaja zadruge Humana Nova
No full textSocijalne zadruge su poduzetničke inicijative vođene društvenim ciljem te predstavljaju jedan od modela društvenog poduzeća. Istraživanja socijalnih zadruga u svijetu pokazuju da socijalne zadruge doprinose smanjenju siromaštva i socijalne isključenosti marginaliziranih članova društva te potpomažu društvenom i ekonomskom razvoju zemalja u kojima su prisutne. Socijalna zadruga Humana Nova prepoznata je kao lider društvenog poduzetništva u Hrvatskoj jer svojim djelovanjem doprinosi očuvanju okoliša i socijalnoj inkluziji marginaliziranih skupina kroz zapošljavanje. Održivost i rast društvenih poduzeća povezani su s njihovim prepoznavanjem od strane javnih vlasti zbog čega je bitno regulirati zakonski okvir i javne politike za poticanje društvenog poduzetništva i razvoja socijalnih zadruga u Hrvatskoj.Social cooperatives are entrepreneurial initiatives driven by a social aim and they represent one model of social enterprise. Researches on social cooperatives in the world show that social cooperatives contribute to reducing poverty and social exclusion of marginalized groups, and also initiate social and economic development of the country in which they are present. Social cooperative Humana Nova has been recognized as a leader of social entrepreneurship in Croatia because it contributes in preserving the environment and social inclusion of marginalized groups through employment. Sustainability and growth of social enterprises are connected with their recognition by public authorities for which is why it is important to regulate legal framework and public policies to promote social entrepreneurship and development of social cooperatives in Croatia
Some determinants of high school students' attitudes towards homosexual persons
No full textCilj istraživanja bio je ispitati povezanost stavova srednjoškolaca prema homoseksualnim osobama s njihovim vrijednostima, važnosti vjere, seksualnom orijentacijom i socijalnim kontaktom te provjeriti postoje li rodne razlike u navedenim stavovima. Ispitivanje je provedeno online upitnikom, metodom snježne grude, na 312 sudionika srednjoškolske dobi. Koristili smo Ljestvicu stavova prema osobama homoseksualne orijentacije (ATLG), Upitnik vrijednosti od 20 čestica (TwIVI) te pitanja o općim i demografskim varijablama. Rezultati su pokazali da srednjoškolci imaju negativnije stavove prema osobama homoseksualne orijentacije od srednjoškolki. Također, imaju negativnije stavove prema gej muškarcima nego prema lezbijkama, dok kod srednjoškolki takva razlika nije pronađena. Sudionici koji su na kontinuumu vlastite seksu-alnosti bili bliži homoseksualnosti imali su pozitivnije stavove osobama homoseksualne orijentacije, baš kao i oni koji su s njima ostvarili veći socijalni kontakt. Sudionici kojima je vjera važnija u životu imali su negativnije stavove prema osobama homoseksualne orijentacije. Što se tiče vrijednosti, veća procijenjena važnost tradicije i postignuća povezana je s negativnijim stavovima, a veća procijenjena važnost univerzalizma i moći s pozitivnijim stavovima srednjoškolaca prema osobama homoseksualne orijentacije. Konformizam, sigurnost, dobrohotnost, hedonizam, poticaj i nezavisnost nisu se pokazali značajnim prediktorima stavova srednjoškolaca prema osobama homoseksualne orijentacije. Ovakvi nalazi nam govore da trebamo uzeti u obzir i vrijednosti srednjoškolaca prilikom pokušaja suzbijanja stereotipa i diskriminacije osoba homoseksualne orijentacije.The goal of this study was to examine the relationship between high school students’ attitudes towards gay men and lesbiansand their values, religiosity, sexual orientation and social contact, as well as to examine whether gender differences exist in these attitudes. The study was conducted online, using a snowball method, on 312 high school students. We used Attitudes toward lesbians and gay men scale (ATLG),Twenty Item Value Inventory (TwIVI), and questions about general and demographic variables. The results showed that high school boys had more negative attitudes toward homosexual people than high school girls. They also have more negative attitudes towards gay men than lesbians, while this difference was not found for high school girls. Participants who were closer to homosexuality on the sexuality continuum had more positive attitudes toward homosexuals, and the same was found for those who had achieved a greater social contact with them. Participants for whom religion is more important in their lives had more negative attitudes towards homosexuals. As far as values are concerned, the higher estimated importance oftradition and achievementwas associated with more negative attitudes, and higher estimated importance of universalism and power with more positive attitudes of high school students towards homosexuals. Conformism, security, benevolence, hedonism, stimulation, and self-direction have not proved to be significant predictors of high school students’ attitudes towards homosexuals. These findings suggest that, when trying to reduce stereotypes and discrimination against homosexuals, we should also take the values of high school students into account