International Journal of Research and Engineering
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Gender Influence On Child Survival, Health And Nutrition
No full textThere is increasing recognition in international health and nutrition that gender inequities and dynamics are a major social determinant of health and nutrition outcomes. However, reviews of evidence to date have tended to concentrate on comparisons of the health and nutrition outcomes, healthcare utilisation or coverage of services/programmes between boys and girls or women and men. This literature review and accompanying guidance document respond to a range of questions exploring how gender influences household dynamics in relation to aspects of young child health and nutrition
Arduino Base Capacitive Proximity Sensor with Midiplayer
No full textCapacitive sensing is a noncontact technology suitable for detecting metals, nonmetals, solids, and liquids, although it is best suited for nonmetallic targets because of its characteristics and cost relative to inductive proximity sensors. In this paper extension of capacitive proximity sensor is shown. The extension is an increase in sensitivity to detect the small changes in capacitance associated with objects at a certain distance from, instead of coming in contact with, the electrode. The sensitivity is a function of the electrode size, ground coupling, and the measurement mechanism. For the proximity capacitive sensing Arduino is a best tool for making such kind of project work that can sense and control more of the physical world than your computer. It's an open-source physical computing platform based on a simple microcontroller board, and a development environment for writing software for the board. Here in this project we have used Arduino board which contain Atmel MEGA32U4 microcontroller. The ATmega32U4 is a low-power CMOS 8-bit microcontroller based on the AVR enhanced RISC architecture. By executing powerful instructions in a single clock cycle, the ATmega32U4 achieves throughputs approaching 1 MIPS per MHz allowing the system designed to optimize power consumption versus processing speed. In this paper, I am presenting one project which can sense live human or conductive material from distance by proximity capacitive touch sensor controllers MPR121 and plays .mp3 file using this audio codec Ic VS1053b through SD card & 3.5 mm jack Speaker
Simulation and Hardware Implementetation of Grid Connected Solar Charge Controller with MPPT
No full textA renewable energy source plays an important role in electricity generation. Various renewable energy sources like wind, solar, geothermal, ocean thermal, and biomass can be used for generation of electricity and for meeting our daily energy needs. Energy from the sun is the best option for electricity generation as it is available everywhere and is free to harness. On an average the sunshine hour in India is about 6hrs annually also the sun shine shines in India for about 9 months in a year. Electricity from the sun can be generated through the solar photovoltaic modules (SPV). The SPV comes in various power output to meet the load requirement [1]. Maximization of power from a solar photo voltaic module (SPV) is of special interest as the efficiency of the SPV module is very low. A peak power tracker and DC-DC Boost Converter is used for Extracting the maximum power from the SPV module. And simulation in PSIM software and hardware result is compare and solar panel maximum efficiencies is increase nearby 85% using dither routine algorithm method use
Enforcing Adaptive Personalization Using Ontology
No full textDue to increasing usage frequency of the search engines user becomes more and more familiar with searching techniques this leads to the fact that search engines becomes the inseparable part our life. As days are passing it is becoming tough to add all the favorite and important links of searched results in the browser to personalize the searched results. So a need of efficient personalization system is required which can store the searched results as long as user wants and automatically adapt the other searched URLs according to the users taste. Many systems are existed which barely store and retrieve the user’s searched URLs upon users request but most of them are fail to adapt the user taste according to time. This paper put forwards an idea of user personalization using ontology for the searched news URLs in the search engine. Where every searched result are keep updating based on the user storage and time limit which makes way to store more new useful search results and discard older ones for the efficient and long lasting storage space management
Silicon Photon Multiplier
No full textprogrammable power supply with temperature compensation is essentially useful for powering a Silicon photon multiplier (Si PM) which is basically an avalanche photodiode detector in reverse bias configuration operating at limited Geiger mode. These devices were operated at atmospheric temperatures and it was observed that the temperature-gain coefficient was 50mV/°C and a method to compensate this shift in operating point was essential wherein actual temperature will be sensed and accordingly a potential will be applied to null the effects of temperature on biasing voltage. The second part of this project deals with high precision power supply as the intrinsic characteristics of Si PM vary from device to device and hence the biasing point is not the same for all devices, to cope with this a programmable DC power supply with high resolution (1mV in 100V) interfaced with computer will serve the purpose
An Intelligent Approach for MPP Tracking in Solar Panel using Artificial Neural Network and Genetic Algorithm
No full textRenewable Energy sources plays a vital role in power generation and is considered inexhaustible especially Photovoltaic energy generation .This depends on solar irradiance and temperature levels from sun. Photo voltaic system need to control based on peak operating condition of its primary energy source. To extract the peak power from Photo voltaics, concept of maximum power point tracking is essential. When load resistance equal to the panel resistance maximum power is extracted. Therefore MPPT controller is necessary to improve the output power and make consumed by the load without interruption. Too many algorithms and controllers have been considered in the past to track peak power and to reduce the tracking time and also to improve the efficiency of PV panel. In this paper hybrid techniques of Artificial Neural Network and Genetic Algorithm are proposed to track the maximum power. The proposed method has been evaluated by simulation using MATLAB under different insolation or sun light intensity levels. The obtained result shows the effectiveness of the proposed hybrid techniques and its capability for efficient tracking of maximum power
Optimal Pricing for Electrical Utilities using Locational Marginal Pricing
No full textRestructuring of the power industry all over the globe is resultant in the formation of new markets for the trade of electrical energy. In the deregulated electricity market proper transmission pricing and management of transmission congestion is a major issue. In this paper Locational Marginal Pricing is used to manage the transmission congestion. Locational Marginal Pricing (LMP) obtains from the Optimal Power Flow problem gives the economic value of electrical energy at each location. Proposed method is based on lossless DC Optimal Power Flow. Genetic Algorithm has been implemented to determine the LMP values. In this paper simulation is carried out on IEEE 14 bus test system with normal system condition and transmission constraint condition to find the location value of electricity
A MANET Security Using Routing Methodology
No full textWireless networks are growing now in these days and different kind of wireless applications are developed using ad hoc configuration. Mobile ad hoc network is a kind of such wireless network. Due to its ad hoc nature and mobility support the routing protocol played essential role in network. The main responsibility of routing protocol is to create and maintain topology on demand basis. Therefore the ad hoc network is suffers from performance and security issues. Therefore the proposed study investigates the routing protocols supported by mobile ad hoc network and the routing based attack deployment techniques. After analysing them a solution for black hole attack security is provided. The proposed solution involves the implementation of secure route discovery protocol. In order to implement the proposed routing technique traditional AODV routing protocol is modified. The routing protocol is modified in such ways by which the routing path trust value is evaluated and compared for making a decision for malicious path detection. For creating the decisional threshold packet delivery ratio, energy and high sequence number is selected. The implementation and simulation of the proposed routing protocol is performed using network simulator 2. In addition of that the comparative performance study between AODV routing protocol and modified AODV routing protocol is performed. In the comparative study packet delivery ratio and throughput of network is found optimum and better than traditional routing protoco
Design & Simulation of Second Stage & Three Stage OP-AMP Using 0.35µm CMOS Technology
No full textA method is presented in this paper for the design of high speed CMOS Operational Amplifiers (Op-Amp).This paper is to design a Second Stage and Three Stage CMOS Operational amplifier and analyze the results of various aspect ratios on the characteristics of this Op-Amp, which operates at 3V to 5V power supply using TSMC 0.35pm CMOS technology. They have acceptable resolution and high speed of operation and can be placed in relatively small area. The design is implemented in 0.18u M CMOS process. The design includes folded cascade op-amp with a unity gain frequency of 200MHz at 88° deg. The complete design topology of high gain-high bandwidth Op-Amp is presented between all characteristics such as Gain, Phase margin, CMRR etc. It also comprehensive improvements are seen in case of CMRR, PSRR, Offset Voltage and Transient performance at the expense of power and output resistance. Besides, for low power-low bandwidth application an optimum noise performance is achieved in this design. A Second stage Op-Amp the DC gain of the amplifier is 70 dB. The unity gain frequency and phase margin of the amplifier are 65 GHz and 43° and total power consumption of the Op-Amp is 0.070 mw. A Three stage OP-AMP the DC gain of the amplifier is 69 dB. The unity gain frequency and phase margin of the amplifier are 74 GHz and 43.5° and total power consumption of the Op- Amp is 0.062 mw. for a parallel combination of 2 pF and 1 kO load. I used AWR (microwave office) software for implement this work
Multiband E-Shape Microstrip Patch Antenna
No full textA new broad-band design of a microstrip line feed rectangular patchantenna with a pair of wide slits are proposed and experimentally studied.The proposed design with an FR4_epoxy substrate, andexperimental results showthat, simply by inserting a pair of wide slits at one of the radiating edgesof the rectangular patch, good impedance matchingover a wide bandwidthcan easily be achieved for the proposed antenna. With an FR4_epoxy substrate ofthickness about 8% of the wavelength of the center operating frequency,the proposed antenna can have an impedance bandwidth of about 33.33%.For frequencies within the impedance bandwidth, good radiation characteristics are also observed, with a peak antenna gain of about 7.2 dBi