International Journal of Research and Engineering
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Temporary Climate Variability for The Period 1965-2016 in The Pedro Moncayo Canton, Ecuador
Get PDFThe objective of the study was to determine the climatic variability of Pedro Moncayo canton, to establish methodologies for planning and adaptation of the agricultural production systems of the canton. Meteorological data in the period 1965-2016, various aspects of climate variability and the occurrence of extreme events such as the ENSO phenomenon were analyzed, and how they have influenced the air pressure, precipitation and the temperatures of the canton. The Standardized Precipitation Index and the equation created by Fournier were applied. The results show that the average thermal amplitude was 2.46 ° C, the average temperature increase of 0.5 ° C in the whole-time series analyzed. The period of drought corresponds to the months of May to September and to the rainy season of October to April; and the annual average value is 618 mm per year, with a minimum of 409 mm for 2001 and a maximum of 846 mm for 2008. The characterization of the climate variability of the canton will allow corrective measures of territorial planning and formulate a sustainable management plan of the territory
Research & Analysis on Hybrid Storage: Combining SSDs and HDDs Drive
Get PDFThe traditional Hard Disk Drives and the upgrading Solid State Drives (SSD) are popular for their storage traits that keep large mass of data. The two technologies provide users with a large number of I/O per second. However, the two have a limited space capacity and perform differently. The SSDs offer exceptional performance. However, as compared to HDDs, they have much less capacity per drive and are costlier. Depending on the organizational application workload, the needs of capacities and performance requirements make users to have different preferences. In the IT system, the challenges on the usage of SSDs and HHDs are navigation of price, performance, and capacity trade-offs between SSDs and HDDs. Determining the most cost-effective drive type for each workload type is essential and will be discussed in this research paper. With the new technologies, there has been a series of combination of SSDs and HDDs into a single storage pool. The reduction of the I/O bottleneck through the hybrid SSD and HDD storage is also analyzed based on the terms of maintaining cost of the cache manager through settling on newer budgets for organizational optimization on storage solutions
Performance Comparison between Two Interpretations of Missing Data using Matrix-Characterized Approximations
Get PDFNowadays, the veracity related with data quality such as incomplete, inconsistent, vague or noisy data creates a major challenge to data mining and data analysis. Rough set theory presents a special tool for handling the incomplete and imprecise data in information systems. In this paper, rough set based matrix-represented approximations are presented to compute lower and upper approximations. The induced approximations are conducted as inputs for data analysis method, LERS (Learning from Examples based on Rough Set) used with LEM2 (Learning from Examples Module, Version2) rule induction algorithm. Analyzes are performed on missing datasets with “do not care” conditions and missing datasets with lost values. In addition, experiments on missing datasets with different missing percent by using different thresholds are also provided. The experimental results show that the system outperforms when missing data are characterized as “do not care” conditions than represented as lost values
An Analysis on Security Threats of Black-Hole and Jellyfish Attacks in Mobile Ad-Hoc Network using HTTP Traffic
Get PDFMobile ad-hoc network (MANET) is an infrastructure less network. This network is a collection of randomly moving mobile nodes. As MANET does not have any centralized management, this network can form anywhere with the participation of randomly moving nodes. Because of such vulnerable behavior of MANET, this network has to face many security problems. There are so many security threats of MANET, which does not have any solution. Even detection of those problems is not easy. Some of the security threats are very severe. Those threats can even destroy the whole network. Researchers are working to find out the solution of those threats. Among those threats, we have worked with two security threats, which are Black-hole attack and Jellyfish attack. Here, we have found out the threats using HTTP traffic. We use OPNET modeler 14.5 as simulator AODV routing protocol. The aim of this paper is to find out the impact of security threats on MANET using HTTP traffic. We decide the impact using number of events and average number of events utilizing throughput of the OPNET modeler
Performance of Combined Vertical and Horizontal Flow Sub-Surface Constructed Wetlands
Get PDFThe present study demonstrates wetland projects to treat industrial wastewater for reuse implemented for different hydraulic & organic loadings. The combination of vertical and horizontal flow wetland treatment system with fill and draw controls provides a design for effective contact of wastewater with the root system to achieve higher treatment efficiencies by creating necessary environments for nitrification-denitrification removal of organic materials, and phosphorus adsorption reactions. Systems have been implemented for large scale applications in automobile, sand reclamation, municipal leachate and other industries for process and domestic wastewater treatment & reuse. The results show that there is a marked removal efficiency using Typha species & several other indigenous plants. The percentage reductions in various physicochemical parameters such as Total Suspended Solids (TSS), Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), Nitrate (N), Phosphate (P), and Fecal Coliforms (FC) are 85%, 90%, 70%, 60% and 95% respectively. The study further reveals the effect of variable hydraulic loading rates on treatment efficiencies. The system has been successfully adopted for the past 3 years reducing electrical, mechanical operations and maintenance requirements for wastewater treatment by almost 70% benefiting industries to a great extent and exploring opportunities for application in other industrial sectors for implementation of such technologies which were not in practice earlier
Dispersion Modelling of Odoriferous Compounds from Landfill
Get PDFLandfills contain vast quantities of waste as they are sites for deposition of a city’s solid waste. This solid waste further undergoes the process of decomposition producing several by-products such as odorous gases and volatile organic compounds. Both of these compounds have potential to severely damage physical and mental health of human. These components were analysed using AERMOD by United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). AERMOD needs uniform and horizontally consistent surface and upper air parameters of meteorology. Along with AERMOD, Landfill Gas Emission Model (LandGEM Version 3.02) was used to form an emission inventory. LandGEM analyses odorous gases and VOCs. The dispersion of odorous gases over areas adjacent to landfill of Pune, India has been estimated from information on advances in emission inventory and field monitoring operation. Four odorous gases namely Total Landfill gas, Methane, Carbon Dioxide and Non Methane Organic Compounds (NMOC) were detected at 17 discrete places and were found within permissible limits
Effect of Shape, Size and Electrical Properties on Specific Absorption Rate (SAR)
Get PDFThis paper presents the dependency of SAR distribution in the human brain and eye on the shape, size, and electrical properties for different frequencies. Calculations were carried out using the Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) Method. The results indicate that the SAR distribution does not much depend on the shape and size but it depends mainly on the electrical properties of the tissues. There is a drop in the magnitude of the SAR in the brain when moving from a cubical model to the spherical model. There is a magnitude drop in the eye, when going from a spherical model to the cubical model. For both brain and eye, when the size is decreased, the volume is reduced and therefore the electromagnetic energy absorption goes up. The human eye at 2500 MHz was considered to observe how the electrical properties of the tissues affect the electromagnetic energy absorption in an organ. When relative permittivity is perturbed in small percentages with conductivity remaining unchanged; the value of the maximum SAR also changes by small values. However, both these cases, when the electrical properties are changed, the location of maximum SAR remains unchanged. It is exactly at the center of the eye
Action Recognition Framework using Saliency Detection and Random Subspace Ensemble Classifier
Get PDFAction recognition can be defined as a problem to determine what kind of action is happening in a video. It is a process of matching the observation with the previously labelled samples and assigning label to that observation. In this paper, a framework of the action recognition system based on saliency detection and random subspace ensemble classifier, is introduced in order to increase the performance of the action recognition. The proposed action recognition framework can be partitioned into three main processing phases. The first processing phase is detecting salient foreground objects by considering pattern and color distinctness of a set of pixels in each video frame. In the second processing phase, changing gradient orientation features are used as a useful feature representation. The third processing phase is recognizing actions using random subspace ensemble classifier with discriminant learner. Experimental results are evaluated on the UIUC action dataset. The proposed action recognition framework achieved satisfying action recognition accuracy
Resistive Random Access Memory (ReRAM)
Get PDFResistive Random-Access Memory (ReRAM) technology has been viewed as one of the most reliable non-volatile memories that have are emerging in markets. In this research paper, the revolution of ReRAM will be analyzed. Also, the paper will also review the recent progress in the technological development of ReRAM. The performance parameters of these non-volatile memories such as their operating voltage, operation speed, resistance ratio, endurance, retention time, device yield, and multilevel storage will be analyzed. Integration and reliability of Re-RAM in the practical level is compared with other types of memories. Challenges faced by users of ReRAM are addressed in regards to technological fallbacks among other challenges. Finally, the future research on the ReRAM will be analyzed
Disparity Map Computation from Stereo Images Using Hill-Climbing Segmentation
Get PDFStereo matching is one of the most active research areas in computer vision for decades. The task of stereo matching is to find the point correspondence between two images of the same scene taken from different viewpoints. This paper presents a segment-based stereo matching algorithm. Firstly, the reference image is segmented using hill-climbing algorithm and local stereo matching is performed Scale Invariant Feature Transform (SIFT) feature points with Sum of Absolute Differences (SAD) block matching. Secondly, a set of reliable pixels is constructed by comparing the matching cost and the mutual cross-checking consistent between the left and right initial disparity maps, which can lead to an actual disparity plane. Thirdly, a set of all possible disparity planes are extracted and then plane fitting and neighboring segment merging are performed. Finally, the disparity planes are set in each region using graph cuts to obtain final disparity map. The evaluation of proposed algorithm on the Middlebury data set result shows that the proposed algorithm is competitive with state-of-the-art stereo matching algorithms