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Revisiting The Geographical Indication Regime in Bangladesh: Trips Compatibility and Prospective Challenges
Get PDFIn the domain of intellectual property (IP), the Geographical Indication (GI) is deemed to be a sleeping beauty due to its imperial reverberation in consolidating cultural and economic values, particularly in the developing and least developed countries. Bangladesh, being rich in cultural diversities and traditions, has a number of world-famous foodstuffs, handicrafts, agricultural products and cultural heritage that could qualify as geographical indications. In this context, the country introduced a sui generis method of GI protection with the promulgation of the Geographical Indications of Goods (Registration and Protection) Act, 2013, which was also monumental in discharging Bangladesh's obligation under the WTO Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS). The present paper has firstly, chosen to examine the concept of the GI and its legal framework from the IP perspective in order to safeguard both the cultural legacy and genuine producers of geographically exhibiting products of Bangladesh. The key focus of this paper is, however, on the compatibility of TRIPS to Bangladeshi law, particularly inrelation to the aspects of protection and registration of Gls, and to identify the unexplored challenges that the country is supposed to confront as a developing nation. Finally, this article portrays some way-outs to combat potential challenges and help ensure the prospects of Bangladesh in an ever expanding local and global market of GI goods
A Novel Method for Fashion Clothing Image Classification Based on Deep Learning
Get PDFImage recognition and classification is a significant research topic in computational vision and widely used computer technology. The
methods often used in image classification and recognition tasks are based on deep learning, like Convolutional Neural Networks
(CNNs), LeNet, and Long Short-Term Memory networks (LSTM). Unfortunately, the classification accuracy of these methods is
unsatisfactory. In recent years, using large-scale deep learning networks to achieve image recognition and classification can
improve classification accuracy, such as VGG16 and Residual Network (ResNet). However, due to the deep network hierarchy
and complex parameter settings, these models take more time in the training phase, especially when the sample number is small, which can easily lead to overfitting. This paper suggested a deep learning-based image classification technique based on a CNN model and improved convolutional and pooling layers. Furthermore, the study adopted the approximate dynamic learning rate update algorithm in the model training to realize the learning rate’s self-adaptation, ensure the model’s rapid convergence, and shorten the training time. Using the proposed model, an experiment was conducted on the Fashion-MNIST dataset, taking 6,000 images as the training dataset and 1,000 images as the testing dataset. In actual experiments, the classification accuracy of the suggested method was 93 percent, 4.6 percent higher than that of the basic CNN model. Simultaneously, the study compared the influence of the batch size of model training on classification accuracy. Experimental outcomes showed this model is very generalized in fashion clothing image classification tasks
Hybrid Neighbourhood Component Analysis with Gradient Tree Boosting for Feature Selection in Forecasting Crime Rate
Get PDFCrime forecasting is beneficial as it provides valuable information to the government and authorities in planning an efficient crime prevention measure. Most criminology studies found that influence from several factors, such as social, demographic, and economic factors, significantly affects crime occurrence. Therefore, most criminology experts and researchers' study and observe the effect of factors on criminal activities as it provides relevant insight into possible future crime trends. Based on the literature review, the
applications of proper analysis in identifying significant factors that influence crime are scarce and limited. Therefore, this study proposed a hybrid model that integrates Neighbourhood Component Analysis (NCA) with Gradient Tree Boosting (GTB) in modelling the United States (US) crime rate data. NCA is a feature selection technique used in this study to identify the significant factors influencing crime rate. Once the significant factors were identified, an artificial intelligence technique, i.e., GTB, was implemented in modelling the crime data, where the crime rate value was predicted. The performance of the proposed model was compared with other existing models using quantitative measurement error analysis. Based on the result, the proposed NCA-GTB model outperformed other crime models in predicting the crime rate. As proven by the experimental result, the proposed model produced the smallest quantitative measurement error in the case study
Exploring The Pedagogical Aspects of Microlearning in Educational Settings: A Systematic Literature Review
Get PDFPurpose - Technology has revolutionized education, leading to innovative learning techniques like microlearning. Microlearning is gaining popularity in higher education and corporate settings for its student-centred approach and well-planned modules. However, its pedagogical design is complex, requiring a systematic review of studies to identify effective practices. The purpose of this study is to conduct a systematic literature review to identify effective practices of microlearning in teaching and learning in higher education between 2014 and 2023. The study aims to analyse the pedagogical design of microlearning in educational settings. Methodology - The study follows the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. A systematic literature review was conducted to identify, evaluate, interpret, and analyse available studies on the practices of microlearning. The analysis focused on the research question and identified themes related to the pedagogical design of microlearning. Findings - The analysis revealed two final themes: the design of microlearning content and instructional flow. The design of microlearning content focused on developing microlearning material, while instructional flow focused on organizing content learning. These findings provide insights into effective practices for curriculum designers and instructors in designing and developing microlearning strategies in teaching and learning. Significance - The findings of this study have significant implications for educators and curriculum designers. The study highlights the importance of considering both the design of microlearning content and instructional flow in creating engaging and effective microlearning experiences for students in higher education. By incorporating these findings, educators and curriculum designers can enhance the quality of microlearning strategies in teaching and learning
A Review of a Fintech Financing Platform: Potential and Challenges of Islamic Crowdfunding to Entrepreneurs
Get PDFThe emergence of financial technology, known as fintech, has altered the landscape of traditional financial institutions. Broadly defined, fintech is the application of technology in finance. Conventional and Islamic crowdfunding platforms are fintech innovations that offer a great alternative to traditional financial lenders like banks. This paper aims to provide insights regarding crowdfunding as an alternative fundraising source for entrepreneurs, especially start-ups, who usually face financial challenges. This paper uses a desk research methodology to review the extant literature on crowdfunding as an entrepreneur's funding source. Findings show that crowdfunding adoption is rapidly increasing and is embraced by many underserved entrepreneurs. As a promising alternative, it offers excellent potential by providing services at a lower transaction cost and greater efficiency. It also covers a broader market penetration. Islamic crowdfunding benefits even more, as the nature of Islamic financing helps to curb excessive credit expansion, thus helping to stabilise the economy. The application and importance of Islamic crowdfunding are in line with the three classes of Maqasid-Shariah, which are darūrāt (necessities), ḥājīyāt (needs), and taḥsīnīyāt (luxuries). Nevertheless, crowdfunding is not without problems and challenges. Major problems usually arise from regulatory and fraud issues, such as stolen ideas and lack of proper regulations. This paper may help create awareness about crowdfunding, its potential, and its challenges to entrepreneurs. The findings may also serve as reference points for future researchers to examine further the issues and challenges in the crowdfunding industry, especially Islamic crowdfunding, in promoting competency and sustainability for entrepreneurs' interests
Purchasing Power Parity Theory: A Cross-Sectional Dependence Panel Data Analysis of Sixteen Developed Countries
Get PDFThis paper examined the purchasing power parity (PPP) theory for a group of sixteen developed countries using powerful statistical panel data methods that account for cross-sectional dependence. The paper utilized the Pesaran panel unit root test, the cointegration test of Westerlund, the Augmented Mean Group (AMG) estimator, the Common Correlated Effect Mean Group (CCEMG) estimator, and the panel data Granger non-causality test of Dumitricus and Hurlin to analyze the causal relationships among the variables involved in the study. The tests showed that the PPP theory occurs in this group of countries. Furthermore, outcomes of the long-run estimation revealed both depreciation and appreciation of the nominal exchange rates. Apart from providing important policy implications on the results obtained, this paper made another significant contribution by extending the linear AMG and CCEMG estimators into nonlinear estimators and further used them in examining the long-run PPP theory
Reconstruction of the Vice Regent’s Position In Optimization of Regional Autonomy: Realizing Democratic and Justice Values
Get PDFThe ambiguity of the Deputy Regent’s position in local government makes the Deputy Regent’s position often underestimated. The Deputy Regent is perceived as a subordinate of the Regent even though the Regent and Deputy Regent are both directly elected by the people. This study aims to reconstruct the Deputy Regent’s position in order to optimize regional autonomy while at the same time embodying the values of democracy and justice. This research is doctrinal research, prioritizing conceptual and statutory approaches. The results of the study confirmed that the weak position of the Deputy Regent compared to the Regent in carrying out his duties was caused by two factors, namely the juridical factor in the form of the absence of special arrangements regarding the duties and powers of the Deputy Regent, and from non-juridical factors, which is a political factor that placed the Deputy Regent as the Regent’s subordinate. Efforts to realize the values of democracy and justice for optimizing regional autonomy can be carried out by reconstructing the authority of the Deputy Regent by strengthening the proportional distribution of authority between the Regent and Deputy Regen
Drug Trafficking from Thailand’s Golden Triangle Region and Its Implications on Malaysia’s Political Security
Get PDFOrganized crime syndicates are fuelling the dangerous and profitable world of drug trafficking making Southeast Asia suffered
the consequences for centuries. The spread of opium by Chinese immigrants in the 1700s led to a devastating increase in drug addiction and trafficking. Uncontrolled opium smuggling was rampant, forcing the British government to act and ban the drug in 1952. Since Malaysia’s formation in 1963, the government has fought back with legal and enforcement measures, but drug trafficking from Thailand’s Golden Triangle has remained a serious threat to national security. This research paper investigates the drug trafficking situation in Malaysia and exposes the sinister threat that illicit drug entry poses to the country’s safety. Drawing upon primary data from interviews with enforcement officers, drug research experts, and academics, this qualitative study demonstrates that despite efforts to stop drug smuggling from the Golden Triangle, these criminal activities persist and endanger Malaysia’s political security
Maritime Security Policy of India in Early 21st Century: Vietnam’s Perception of Its Implication on The Asia-Pacific Region
Get PDFSince the early 21st century, the Asia-Pacific has become a dynamic region of development by some powerful countries in the world such as the United States (US), India, China, and Russia. Thus, the issue of ensuring maritime security to develop sea trade plays a central role in the strategies of these countries. From India’s perspective, maritime security in the Indian Ocean – Pacific Ocean is a deciding factor in the development, affirming its position and creating a balance of power in the country in comparison with other countries in the region. Nevertheless, the developed sea trade of India has faced challenges from various countries including the US, and China. Therefore, India has promoted a cooperative relationship with Vietnam to guarantee maritime security for Indian traders in the region. This paper aims to provide general information about maritime security as well as to determine and estimate India’s maritime security strategies. Additionally, it will present the role of Vietnam in India’s maritime security policies. The findings show that both nations, India and Vietnam have adequate backup strategies, which is the foundation for developing sea trade sustainability. Furthermore, India and Vietnam will play an increasingly strong role in the Asia-Pacific in the future