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The Measurement of Higher-Order Thinking Skills: a Systematic Literature Review
Full text linkPurpose - This article comprehensively examines the existing body of literature about the assessment tools employed for evaluating higher-order thinking skills (HOTS) in mathematics within the last five years. The study endeavors to offer a comprehensive overview of measuring instruments for HOTS in mathematics, utilizing precise and up-to-date global data. Methodology - The research adheres to the PRISMA methodology, employing the systematic literature review (SLR) technique, encompassing ten distinct steps. By utilising the Scopus database, this review comprehensively analyses 18 scholarly articles written in English. Findings - The results emphasize the significance of implementing a thorough evaluation approach that integrates standardized exams alongside other assessment methods to measure students' cognitive capacities in advanced mathematical reasoning precisely. The tendencies that have been observed provide valuable insights for the development of evaluation tools that can effectively measure effectiveness in many academic domains. Educators can augment instructional efficacy and foster heightened levels of cognitive reasoning in students by comprehending the equilibrium between evaluative and non-evaluative elements, while recognizing the significance of Bloom's taxonomy. Furthermore, this research presents opportunities for additional investigation, enabling scholars to delve into novel approaches and metrics, thus contributing to breakthroughs in education and improving student proficiencies in critical thinking and problem-solving. Significance – This research provides the opportunity to enhance our comprehension of incorporating higher-order thinking skills in education, thereby promoting holistic cognitive growt
Analysis of Loopholes in the 1997 Peguam Sharie (Sharie Lawyer) Rules of the State of Penang
Full text linkSharie lawyers represent disputing parties in resolving their problems in Shariah courts. In Malaysia, the laws applicable to regulate the affairs of Shariah lawyers in terms of admission, qualifications and disciplinary matters are determined by state rules established based on the Islamic Religious Administration Enactment of the states or the Shariah Court Enactment of the states. For Penang, the applicable law is the Rules of Sharie Lawyers or Peguam Sharie (State of Penang) 1997. Therefore, the Penang Islamic Religious Council (MAINPP) is responsible for regulating Sharie lawyers in Penang. However, to date, there are still significant loopholes in this law that have disrupted its regulatory process. As a result, the profession of Sharie lawyer faces daily challenges, including inconsistent admission criteria, lack of clear disciplinary procedures, limited professional development, jurisdictional confusion, enforcement issues, and eroding public trust. The present research objective is to analyze loopholes in the Peguam Sharie (State of Penang) Rules 1997, identify areas of weakness, and propose recommendations for improving the regulatory framework for Sharie lawyers in Penang. A qualitative approach was used in this study and the data collection was done using primary and secondary sources. For primary sources, the researchers conducted interview sessions with Penang Sharie lawyers and Penang Shariah Judiciary Department (JKSNPP) officers in order to obtain firsthand perspectives, context, clarity, validation, and recommendations for the research. Whereas, for secondary sources, the researchers referred to journals, books, and proceedings, as well as electronic database sources. The data was analyzed using a content analysis method. This research found that there were eight provisions that needed to be reformed to improve the profession of Sharie lawyers in Penang. This research has suggested an amendment to the Peguam Syarie (State of Penang) Rules, 1997. It has also recommended that the parties involved in the practice of Shariah law in Penang be made aware of the challenges faced and amend the existing law so that the profession of Sharie lawyers remains relevant in the futur
Developing and Validating a Scale to Measure Football Team Love
Full text linkPrevious studies in sports marketing have shown that team love is a key factor influencing loyalty, satisfaction and positive word-of-mouth behaviours. Despite these positive findings, research on team love remains limited, and the concept’s theoretical framework is underdeveloped. The study aims to conceptualize football team love using a grounded theory approach and to develop a scale based on this conceptualization. Through a comprehensive literature review, as well as data obtained from focus group and in-depth interviews with football fans, the study delineated the unique conceptual dimensions of team love. Using data obtained from 452 Turkish football fans, exploratory factor analysis (EFA) revealed a three-dimensional (self-team integration, infinity, and passion-driven behaviours), 12-item structure. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) further validated and refined, a three-dimensional, nine�item measurement model. This research provides an in-depth, theory-based understanding of the unique construct of football team love, offering valuable insights for both academic and practical applications. The findings lay a foundation for further research and provide strategic guidance for sports marketers to foster stronger connections between football teams and their fan
Woman Mobilization in Nigerian Politics: A Historical Review
Full text linkMany Nigerian women are deeply concerned about the low level of women's political mobilization in Nigeria over the decades. To address this issue, this study investigates the causes of the low level of women's political participation in Nigerian politics. This paper employed a case study design, focusing on historical antecedents and a time frame from 1999 to the present. As a form of methodology, the research uses secondary sources from the internet, government publications, newspapers, journals, and pertinent textbooks. The findings of this study are that socioeconomic variables cause low levels of women’s mobilization in political activities in Nigeria, the nation's cultural heritage, historical legacies, and instructional design considerations. The study highlights how important it is to deal with the issues that support women's subordination in Nigeria's political structure. As a result, the study concludes that all religious statutes, customs, and ordinances that hinder women's political mobilization must be changed, and that explicit implementation guidance must be provided. The need to foster greater mobilization efforts and empowerment motivated the whole essential of women's political mobilization in Nigeria due to long years of neglec
An Empirical Study on the Construction of A Non-Convex Risk Parity Portfolio using a Genetic Algorithm
Full text linkRisk-based portfolio optimization has become increasingly crucial due to the limitations and underperformance of traditional Mean-Variance (MV) portfolios. In the context of the Risk Parity (RP) portfolio, capital is allocated in such a way that each asset contributes equally to the overall risk of the portfolio. However, optimizing a non-convex RP portfolio presents significant challenges. While conventional numerical methods can be applied, they often struggle with inefficiency and fail to deliver optimal results. This study addresses these challenges by proposing the Genetic Algorithm (GA) and comparing its effectiveness against Successive Convex for RIsk Parity (SCRIP) to solve the non-convex RP portfolio. Using stock price data from companies listed on the Jakarta Islamic Index (JII), we demonstrate that the GA, although yielding a solution that slightly deviates from the ideal equal-risk-contribution, offers a more efficient and practical approach than SCRIP. Notably, the RP portfolio outperforms both the Equal Weight (EW) and Global Minimum Variance (GMV) portfolios in terms of lower Value at Risk (VaR) and Turnover (TO) ratios. This research contributes to the field by showcasing the GA as a viable tool for overcoming the limitations of traditional optimization methods, particularly in addressing the complexities of non-convex RP portfolios while considering practical investment constraint
