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Legal Reference and Literature Used in Courts for Determining Issues in Waqf: Trends and Evolutions
No full textThe Waqf institution has long stood at the heart of Muslim societies-not just as a legal structure, but as a powerful expression of faith, compassion, and community service. For centuries, Waqf has helped sustain mosques, schools, hospitals, and other public services, often acting as a quiet but steady force behind the social and spiritual development of communities. While its ethical and theological roots have remained firm, the way Waqf operates in practice has evolved greatly from one country to another. Today, more than ever, it faces the challenge and opportunity of adapting to the modern world. It This book was born out of a shared sense of purpose: to explore how Waqf is being understood, governed, and reimagined across different parts of the world. brings together voices and insights from a diverse range of countries-Malaysia, Australia, Indonesia, Sri Lanka, South Africa, Nigeria, India, and Turkey-each with its own history, legal system, and cultural approach to managing Waqf. While these places differ in many ways, they are connected by a common faith and a deep concern for social justice and human well-being. Across ten chapters, this volume looks at Waqf from multiple angles: its roots in sacred texts, its treatment in courts, its administration by governments and trustees, and its role in shaping modern Islamic philanthropy
What Predicts the Technical Efficiency in Malaysia’s Food Processing Industry?
Full text linkThe present study adopts data envelopment analysis (DEA) and Tobit regression to focus on the technical efficiency of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) and large-scale enterprises (LSEs) in Malaysia’s food processing industry. The empirical results provide that the SMEs’ technical efficiency score in constant return to scale (CRS) and variable return to scale (VRS) are 0.940 and 0.986, respectively, which indicates that SMEs can enhance the output level by 6 per cent for CRS and 1.4 per cent for VRS using a given level of inputs. Moreover, the technical efficiency levels of LSEs are 0.673 and 0.942 from CRS and VRS, respectively. The findings also suggest that training cost, research and development, and foreign direct investment positively affect technical efficiency. In contrast, information and technology, public infrastructure, and trade openness negatively affect the technical efficiency of SMEs. On the other hand, government infrastructure and trade openness positively connect with the technical efficiency of LSEs in Malaysia’s food processing industry. Contradiction, research and development, and world oil prices negatively affect the technical efficiency in LSEs, indicating that the higher these variables, the higher the efficiency in LSE
Trade Openness and Manufacturing Growth of Asian Economies: Investigating Linear and Non-Linear Effect
Full text linkThis study provides a comprehensive analysis of the factors influencing entrepreneurial intentions among undergraduate accounting students in public universities, specifically emphasizing the role of higher education. Grounded in the Decomposed Theory of Planned Behavior (DTPB), the research explores the psychological dimensions of entrepreneurial intention, aiming to uncover the key constructs shaping entrepreneurial behavior. A survey of 520 final-year accounting students was conducted using a structured questionnaire comprising eight items that assessed attitudes toward entrepreneurship, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control. The study examined the impact of these constructs on students’ intentions to pursue entrepreneurship. The analysis employed the PLS-SEM technique, supplemented by the bootstrapping method, to test the research models and validate the relationships between the constructs. Both the measurement (outer) model and the structural (inner) model of the latent constructs were thoroughly evaluated. The findings strongly supported all seven hypotheses, demonstrating significant relationships between the variables under investigation. These results provide critical insights for stakeholders and policymakers, emphasizing the importance of fostering entrepreneurial attitudes, supportive social norms, and perceptions of behavioral control to nurture entrepreneurial aspirations among students. The study’s outcomes offer valuable contributions to the development of a robust entrepreneurial ecosystem that can drive national economic growth. By elucidating the psychological and behavioral mechanisms underpinning entrepreneurship, this research enhances our understanding of the factors that motivate entrepreneurial behavior, offering a foundation for targeted interventions and strategies to cultivate entrepreneurial talent in higher education institution
