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Funktionen, Formen und Ebenen der Einfachheit in Robert Seethalers Roman "Ein ganzes Leben" : [abstract]
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Iszlám és nemzetépítés: muszlim mozgalmak a 20. századi Holland-Kelet Indiában : [absztrakt]
Full text linkDebóra prófétanő alakjának megítélése: Isten büntetése vagy feminista ikon? : [absztrakt]
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Online threat groups' activities with a focus on states' public sector in the Russo-Ukrainian conflict
Full text linkThis paper attempts to investigate some aspects of state threat groups from the online sphere, based on certain conceptual considerations regarding hybrid challenges and some additional remarks on the online space, which is gaining more and more attention in the 21st century. As for the empirical investigation the Russo-Ukrainian conflict is examined to explore and describe the possible characteristics of online groups’ activities against the public sector of states involved, from a quantitative approach. The overview of the conceptual elements and some methodological remarks are followed by the introduction of the results, which – besides others – imply that attempts to disrupt the capabilities, and attack forms of distributed denial of service can be acknowledged as identical patterns in the investigated sector, although certain specific elements can also be discovered. It appears that disinformation activities and website damage are less frequent however the higher occurrence of cyber espionage can be recognized as a specific characteristic of online threat in public sphere. The examination of relations among online threat groups and the targeted states has revealed that the activities evolve a connected structure, in which significant differences can be observed both in the case of the online threat groups and the countries. As for the former participants, the results highlight the notable presence of pro-Russian online threat groups. In the final section the research outcomes are summarised and potential for further research directions are outlined
The summer of human smugglers : fugitives, profiteers and highwaymen on the Romanian-Hungarian border in 1944
Full text linkThe German occupation of Hungary in 1944 was a tragic turning point for those persecuted by the Nazi regime. This study contributes to the history of Jews and Poles who tried to leave Hungary for Romania with the help of human smugglers. Along the Hungarian–Romanian border several smuggling networks were operating at this time. One group, which was controlled from Szeged, was apprehended on 3 July 1944. The incident became a public sensation because the main organizers were well-known citizens of the town. The operation of the other smuggling networks was further investigated by the authorities after the Second World War. During these inquiries, it was revealed that in the vicinity of Csanádpalota, Kiszombor, and Apátfalva, some Hungarian state officials cooperating with the German occupiers laid traps for the fugitives and robbed themfugitive. However, some of the organizers and operators of human smuggling, and also some of the officials robbing fugitives can be named owing to archive records, and their activities can more or less be traced as well
