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Rechtsfolgen der Urheberrechtsverletzung bei generativer Künstlicher Intelligenz: Über die Möglichkeit des „Vergessens“ in Neuronalen Netzen
Get PDFUsing Eyetracking to Enable Cervical Spinal Cord Injured Mechanically Ventilated Patients to Report on Pain, Needs, and Appraisals
Get PDFCervical spinal cord injury (CSCI) resulting in tetraplegia and subsequent permanent artificial ventilation leads to an inability to communicate orally and often also inhibits gestures and mimics. This is due to level of injury, which leads to immobility of all extremities and the destruction of the phrenic nerve, which innervates the diaphragm. The autonomous respiratory activity (also very important for verbal communication) is suspended. Patients with CSCI have been a neglected group within research. This thesis investigates the use of eyetracking (ET) technology as an option for CSCI patients to effectively report their subjective pain perception, needs and appraisals during acute critical illness in the intensive care unit. After familiarizing themselves with the use of the ET (in a practice phase), the device was calibrated and the actual test phase began. Questions about basic needs or the subjective perception of pain were shown on the display of the ET and also read aloud by the ET device. The patients answered the questions by keeping their gaze fixed on one of the proposed answer options (e.g. "Yes"/"No"). In three journal manuscripts the effectiveness of the ET could be demonstrated. The first study examined how people with CSCI cope with the current condition and future limitations. Patients were able to give multifaceted reports of their current state, such as feeling trapped or unsafe. The second study evaluated the perceptions of wearing a tracheostomy tube in critically ill individuals with acute and chronic spinal cord injury (aCSCI, cSCI). It emphasized the importance of regularly assessing the subjective perception of critically ill tracheotomized individuals in the daily routine of an intensive care unit (ICU). The third study examined the relationship of pain and pain perception in CSCI patients with reported needs and appraisals. Contrary to previous research, results suggest that pain is not a dominating factor in needs and appraisals. This thesis shows that it is possible to support communication of ICU patients who cannot communicate orally, and how. The faceted reports on pain, needs and appraisals furthermore underline the relevance of ET usage as well as potential benefits of further research on ET-based communication in ICU patients
Entwurf eines künstlichen Intelligenz-gestützten Systems zur automatisierten Erzeugung von sicherheitskritischen Fahrszenarien im Kontext der Testabdeckung von Software-Algorithmen des autonomen Fahrens
Get PDFDurch den Einsatz intelligenter Fahrfunktionen wird nicht nur der Fahrkomfort verbessert, sondern vor allem die Verkehrssicherheit erhöht. Dies ist besonders wichtig für sicherheitskritische Fahrszenarien, in denen zuverlässige Systeme dringend benötigt werden, damit diese Systeme unter allen Umständen zuverlässig und fehlerfrei arbeiten. Um die Leistungsfähigkeit dieser Systeme angemessen zu testen, ist es unerlässlich, über eine große Menge an Testdaten von sicherheitskritischen Fahrszenarien zu verfügen. Die Beschaffung solcher Daten stellt jedoch aufgrund der kritischen Natur dieser Szenarien eine Herausforderung dar. Da es sich um potenziell gefährliche Situationen handelt, sind die verfügbaren Daten von sicherheitskritischen Szenarien im Vergleich zu nicht sicherheitskritischen Szenarien deutlich begrenzt. Die Notwendigkeit, ausreichend Daten zu sammeln, wird weiterhin durch die komplexe und vielfältige Natur dieser Szenarien erschwert. Daher wird nach einer geeigneten Methodik gesucht, um den Umfang der verfügbaren Daten für sicherheitskritische Fahrszenarien, insbesondere für Testzwecke, zu erhöhen. Es ist von entscheidender Bedeutung, dass Entwickler und Forscher Wege finden, um realistische und vielfältige Szenarien zu simulieren und damit eine breite Testabdeckung sicherzustellen. Denn nur durch umfangreiche Tests können wir das Vertrauen in die Sicherheit und Leistungsfähigkeit dieser intelligenten Fahrfunktionen stärken und letztendlich die Verkehrssicherheit erhöhen
Erstellung und Gestaltung eines neuen Moduls zum Datenschutzrecht
Get PDFDer Bericht behandelt die Erstellung des Moduls Datenschutzrecht. Das Modul wird im Wahlbereich an der rechtswissenschaftlichen Fakultät der FernUniversität in Hagen für die Studiengänge Bachelor, Master und Erstes Juristisches Staatsexamen angeboten
Does the Nash Solution Concept persist for Intelligent Agents in a Dynamic Game Environment?
Get PDFDynamic Games offer a suitable test bed to analyze strategic behavior of intelligent agents. Experimental Mathematics provides the methods to explore a model of perception and reaction. We study the effect of Artificial Intelligence on decision making of agents, who observe the relative frequencies of reached end nodes in the game tree. Decisions can be considered as the result of a learning process the agents run through. The information about objectives of players, the final payoff of the decision process and the strategies of opponents are assumed to be unknown by each player in the beginning. The only observations of players concern the relative frequencies of reached terminal nodes, about which agents can then keep some statistics and adjust their strategic behavior according to their perception. The results of the study show that Nash Equilibrium is reached in many situations, but not generally. This approach seems to provide a new systemic perspective on Nash’s theory of equilibrium
Zur Grundlegung der Freiheit in Hegels Logik
Get PDFDie vorliegende Untersuchung beschäftigt sich mit dem Freiheitsbegriff in Hegels Wissenschaft der Logik. Dabei handelt es sich weder um Handlungsfreiheit noch um rechtliche oder politische Freiheit, sondern um eine fundamentale und metaphysische Grundlegung der Freiheit. Die Untersuchung unternimmt den Versuch zu zeigen, daß Freiheit die Identität zwischen Begriff und Welt darstellt. Basierend darauf wird diese Untersuchung durch die drei Stichwörter Identität, Wahrheit und Lebendigkeit entfaltet
Sanktionierung von Kartellen – Kostenasymmetrien und die Rolle von Seitenzahlungen im theoretischen Modell
No full textStereotype über Ethnizität und Geschlecht und ihre Konsequenzen für Bildung und Arbeit innerhalb und zwischen Ländern
Get PDFA Testbed for Solution Concepts of Dynamic Games with Incomplete Preferences
Get PDFAs far as we know, the identiifcation of all Nash paths for dynamic games has not been treated intensively. The reason seems to be that subgame perfect equilibrium is broadly accepted as an expedient solution concept, which is on top of that easy to handle. Any other equilibrium concept is sometimes considered to be less plausible, because it relies frequently on the behavior of players to avoid entrance into certain subgames. Nevertheless, the strategic behavior of players in decision processes is sometimes not predictable even if their preferences are known. This fact is not only observable in the political or military context. To be prepared for such situations players might behave in a risk averse way or try to estimate the behavior of their opponents. Such behavior can be considered as a safeguarding approach and is outside the scope of subgame perfectness. Another blind spot in the design of the game is sometimes uncertainty about players' preferences. For that reason one may consider preferences of players to be incomplete. Another justiifcation for this approach concerns results of the game which may sometimes be not comparable for players. We will provide a proof of concept from the theoretical and algorithmic aspect as well, propose a method for identiifcation of all Nash equilibria and analyze the special features of games with incomplete preferences