Korea Research Institute for Vocational Education and Training
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[동향] 직업교육
Get PDFⅠ. 직업교육 정책
□ 교육부, 「중학교 자유학기제 확대·발전 계획」을 확정·발표(2017.11.06.)
□ 교육부, 「스마트 가상 진로체험」을 시범운영(2017.10.27.)
Ⅱ. 직업교육 통계
◈ 2017년 8월 대학정보공시
□ 2016년 일반대학의 학생 1인당 교육비(결산기준)는 1,485만 원으로 전년 대비 66만 원(4.7%) 증가함.
□ 2016년 일반대학의 학생 1인당 장학금은 연간 327.8만 원으로 전년 대비 11.9만 원(3.8%) 증가함.
□ 2016년 전임교원 1인당 연구비는 7,310만 원으로 전년 대비 113만 원(1.6%) 증가함.
◈ 2017년 10월 대학정보공시
□ 2017년 2학기 전임교원 강의 담당비율은 66.7%로 2016년 2학기(64.7%) 대비 2.0%p 상승했으며, 20명 이하 소규모 강좌 비율은 43.8%로 2016년 2학기(42.9%) 대비 0.9%p 상
[동향 / 해외] 미국의 「인력 개혁 및 기회법(WIOA)」개정과 직업훈련 및 성인교육 제도의 변화 동향
Get PDFⅠ. 서론
Ⅱ. 「WIOA」의 정책목표
1. 「WIOA」에서 미국 노동부의 주요 정책목표
2. 「WIOA」에서 미국 교육부의 주요 정책목표
Ⅲ. 「WIOA」에서 미국 성인교육 정책
Ⅳ. 조지아 주 노동시장 현황과 「WIOA」정책 수립
1. 조지아 주의 인력 시스템 개편 목표 및 실행전략
2. 조지아 주의 「WIOA」핵심 프로그램 성과목표
Ⅴ. 결
A Meta-Analysis on the Variables Related to Adolescents' Occupational Aspiration Levels
Get PDF이 연구는 국내에서 수행된 청소년 직업포부 수준 관련 연구들에 대해 메타분석을 실시하였으며, 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 성별, 학업성취, 자기효능감, 성공욕구, 가정소득, 부모학력, 부모직업, 부모기대, 학교계열 등 9개 변인이 직업포부 수준과 중간 정도의 상관관계를 갖고 있었다. 둘째, 학교급을 조절변인으로 하여 효과크기 차이를 검증한 결과, 모든 변인에서 학교급에 따른 조절효과가 나타나지 않았다. 셋째, 청소년 직업포부 수준에 영향을 미치는 가정변인의 효과크기는 과거 문헌에서 더 높게 보고되고 있었다. 넷째, 진로지도 현장에서 개입 가능한 후천적인 영향요인에는 학교계열, 자기효능감, 학업성취, 성공욕구가 있었다. 이 연구에서는 이러한 결과를 바탕으로 국내 청소년의 직업포부 수준과 영향요인들에 대한 실증 연구 확대 필요성, 청소년 직업포부 수준 영향요인 간 구조적 관계 검증의 필요성, 후기 청소년 및 발달단계에 따른 직업포부 수준 영향요인에 대한 통합적 접근의 필요성과 학생의 직업포부 수준에 맞는 진로지도 활동을 제언하였다.This study conducted a meta-analysis on the 19 studies about adolescents' occupational aspiration levels. The conclusions of the study are as follows: First, all extracted variables had a medium effect on adolescents' occupational aspiration levels. Second, school levels had no moderate effect on the variables related to adolescents' occupational aspiration levels. Third, the effect of family variables was higher in studies of the 1990s. Fourth, school type, self-efficacy, academic achievement, and desire for success were the variables that could be impacted through career guidance. Suggestions based on the results of the study are as follows: First, empirical studies on occupational aspiration levels and related variables should be conducted. Second, studies of the structural relationships of occupational aspiration levels and related variables should be implemented. Third, an integrated approach to occupational aspiration levels and related variables of post adolescents should be implemented. Fourth, occupational aspiration levels should to be reflected in career education policies
Analysis of Factors Influencing Labor Conditions of Youth Creative Workers
Get PDF본 연구는 청년 콘텐츠인력의 첫 직장 진입 소요기간 및 임금 영향요인을 분석함으로써 청년 콘텐츠인력의 노동시장 진입에 대한 시사점을 제시하였다. 한국고용정보원에서 제공하는 청년패널 1～7차(2007～2013년) 자료에서 콘텐츠산업에 종사하는 인력과 콘텐츠직업을 가진 인력을 추출하여 분석한 결과 전(全)산업과 달리 콘텐츠인력의 첫 직장 진입 소요기간에는 취업전 경험요소가 유의미한 영향을 미치지 않았다. 또한 콘텐츠인력의 첫 임금은 경험요소나 고용 및 기업 형태보다는 개인역량에 크게 영향을 받는 것으로 나타났다. 이상의 결과들은 청년 콘텐츠인력의 노동시장 진입성과를 확대시키기 위해서는 직무관련성이 높은 경험 기회를 확대하는 동시에 이러한 경험이 노동시장에서 신호기제로 작동될 수 있는 체계가 구축되어야 함을 보여준다. 또한 콘텐츠인력의 역량 강화에 필요한 경력개발 및 교육훈련 지원이 필요하다는 것을 시사한다.The purpose of this study is to draw policy implications for improving entry conditions into the labor market by analyzing the factors influencing labor conditions of youth creative workers (hereinafter called "creative workers"). Creative workers categorized those working in the creative(content) industries and those working in creative jobs in other industries. Then, characteristics and employment preparation process of creative workers were identified using the 1st to 7th Youth Panel (2007~2013) from the Korea Employment Information Service. The results of the analysis show that creative workers have no significant relationship between pre-employment experience and employment. The wages of creative workers were affected by their competencies rather than by pre-employment experience and types of employment and company. These results show that pre-employment experience of creative workers does not function as a signaling device in the labor market. This also implies that support for career development and education and training needs to be provided to strengthen the competencies of creative workers
A Research for Career Development and Employment Activation of Humanities Graduates
Get PDFAlthough humanities majoring students have a lot of strengths compared to other major students, they have been neglected in career development and employment support. It is necessary to plan ways to promote career development and employment so that 4-year college students majoring of humanities (literature, history, philosophy, etc.) will be able to economic activity in their field of study after graduation. The purpose of this study is to suggest a way of humanities majoring graduates to work by utilizing their field of majors.
In this Resrarch, “humanities graduates” refers to those who hold a bachelor’s degree in related subjects in the fields of Korean Language and Literature, History, Archeology, Philosophy and Ethics of 4-year universities.
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지역별 신규 석사학위 취득자의 특성 및 고용 현황
Get PDF석사학위 취득자의 대부분은 서울(46.1%)에 집중되어 있어 지역적 불균형이 심함.
석사학위 취득자 가운데 58.8%는 직장 없이 학업에만 전념하면서 학위를 취득하여, 향후 학령인구의 감소와 미래 기술 변화에 대응하기 위해서는 재교육 과정으로 전환을 준비할 필요가 있음.
학업전념 석사학위 취득자 가운데 박사학위 진학 및 진학 준비자의 비율은 18.5%에 불과하고 대부분은 취업(26.7%)이나 취업을 준비하고 있으며(46.0%), 취업자의 직장은 50.5%가 기업임.
석사학위 취득자의 지역, 전공 분포의 불균형과 졸업 이후 진로 유형의 차이 등을 고려하여 대학원 석사과정에 대해서는 특성화 정책의 수립과 지원이 필요함.The concentration of individuals who obtain masters’ degrees in Seoul (46.1%) reveals a serious imbalance by region.
Since some 58.8% of masters’ degree holders obtained their degrees by devoting themselves to their studies without also holding jobs, it will be necessary to retrain these individuals to prepare for the transition in order to cope with the anticipated reduction in the school-age population and for future technological changes.
Of those who obtained masters’ degrees while otherwise unemployed, a mere 18.5% advanced to a doctoral degree or prepared for such an advancement, while the majority gained employment (26.7%) or prepared for employment (40.6%). Among those who gained employment, 50.5% are employed by business establishments.
It will be necessary to establish and support a specialization policy for master’s level courses at graduate schools while taking the regional and major-related distribution imbalances of master’s degree holders, as well as the difference of career types, into account.
*The full-text is available in Korean only
A Cohort Study of Career Types of Korean Youth during and after the Financial Crisis in the Late 1990s
Get PDF이 연구는 외환위기 당시 및 이후 노동시장으로 진입한 청년층의 10년 경력을 종단적으로 유형화하여 비교？분석하고, 각 경력 유형의 인구통계학적, 진입, 과정, 결과 특성을 총체적으로 분석하였다. 이를 위해 청년층의 경력을 직업경력과 고용경력 으로 구분하여 다채널시퀀스분석을 실시하였고, 경력 유형의 인구통계학적, 진입, 과정, 결과에 대해 각 코호트 내 경력 유형별 차이 검정과 경력 유형별 코호트 간 차이 검정을 실시하였다. 이 연구의 결과 첫째, 외환위기 당시 및 이후 청년층의 경력은 안정적 사무직형, 진입유예형, 니트형, 서비스직 및 생산직 혼재형, 안정적 준전문(기술)직형, 안정적 전문직형으로 나타났다. 둘째, 외환위기 당시 여성의 경력개발 상황 및 여건은 취약한 것으로 나타났고, 대졸자는 하향취업을 하는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 외환위기 당시 첫 일자리 취업 소요 기간의 편차가 청년층의 경력 유형 간 큰 것으로 나타났고, 첫 일자리의 임금은 저임금으로 동결되는 것으로 나타났다. 넷째, 청년층의 이직은 경제상황과 무관한 것으로 나타났다. 다섯째, 청년층의 경력 유형에 따라 취업여부 및 근속년수 차이가 나타났으며, 외환위기 당시 입직자의 경우 10년 경과 시점에서도 경력 유형 간 임금 차이가 크지 않았다.The purpose of this study is to investigate career types of Korean youth during and after the financial crisis in the late 1990s. To accomplish the research purpose, the following questions are addressed in this study: 1. What are Korean youth's career types during and after the financial crisis in the late 1990s? 2. Can career types of Korean youth be described by demographic and entry-process-outcome phase characteristics? The findings of the study include the following: first, career types of Korean youth were identified as stable-office-workers type, deferment type, NEET (i.e. not in employment, education, or training) type, service & production-workers- mixture type, stable-technicians type, and stable- professions type. Second, women and university graduates suffered unstable and mismatched career during the financial crisis. Third, the youth had different preparation periods for their first job according to the career types, and experienced wage freeze during the financial crisis. Fourth, changing jobs was not related to financial circumstances. Fifth, depending on the career types, there were differences in employment status and years of continual services. For those who entered the labor market during the financial crisis, there were not wide wage gaps between the career types even in 10 years
지난 10년간 4년제 대졸자 노동시장의 변화
Get PDF4년제 대졸 청년층의 고용률은 4.6%p, 정규직 취업률은 10.6%p, 선망직장 취업률은 9.3%p 감소함.
부모의 월평균 소득이 300만 원 미만인 저소득 가구 청년층의 고용률은 2006년 71.6%에서 2015년 73.8%로 2.2%p 상승함.
직장 전반에 대한 만족 비율은 2.4%p, 인간관계에 대한 만족 비율은 1.9%p 하락하였고, 임금, 복리후생, 근로환경 등에 대한 만족 비율은 모두 증가함.
업무 내용이 자신의 교육 수준과 기술 수준에 비해 높다고 응답한 비율은 지난 10년간 각각 10.8%p, 9.9%p 증가함.
업무-전공 불일치 비율은 인문계열이 35.9% → 42.4%로 6.5%p, 교육계열은 8.2% → 15.8%로 7.6%p 증가함.
취업자 중 이직을 준비하고 있는 비율은 2006년 8.4%에서 2015년 17.7%로 크게 증가함.The employment rate of four-year university graduates reduced by 4.6 percentage points (pp) while their employment rate for regular workers and at desired workplaces dropped by 10.6 pp and 9.3 pp, respectively.
The employment rate of youth from low income families―of which both parents earn less than ？3,000,000 a month―rose by 2.2 pp from 71,6% in 2006 to 73.8% in 2015.
Satisfaction rates with the overall workplace and with human relationships fell 2.4 pp and 1.9 pp, respectively, while those of wages, benefits, and the working environment all increased.
The share of respondents who indicated their belief that the level of their work is higher than the level of their education and skills rose by 10.8 pp and 9.9 pp, respectively, from a decade ago.
In terms of the ratio of work-major discordance, the liberal art track increased by 6.5 pp from 35.9% to 42.4%, and the education track showed a 7.6 pp increase from 8.2% to 15.8% during the same period.
The proportion of incumbents who are preparing for new jobs increased significantly from 8.4% in 2006 to 17.7% in 2015.
*The full-text is available in Korean only
Current state and issues of career education under the Career Education Act 2015.
Get PDFSince the implementation of Career Education Act at the end of 2015, national interest on career education has been even more greatly increasing. More than 3,200 middle schools adapted Free-Semester programme for the students to explore their potential career paths and informations.
However, many of the schools still lack the manpower or the facilities to conduct effective career education. In addition to that, the role and function of National Career Education Centre should be established and the direction for the future policy for career education should be considered. This study examined the state of career education from primary to higher education levels, conducted FGI to receive field opinions, and explored the ways and recommendations to improve current situation.
Four strategies were recommended for future career education policy, each with a number of sub-strategies: 1)reinforcement of career education at primary and secondary education levels, 2)expansion of career education at higher education level, 3)reinforcement of infrastructure supporting career education, and 4)revision of Career Education Act.
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A study on volunteering programs for ‘free semester’(jayuhakije) in Colleges and Universities
Get PDFThe purpose of this study is to analyze volunteering programs for ‘free semester’(jayuhakije) in colleges and universities in Korea. The free semester system fosters young students’ creativity and talent by freeing them from severe competitions as the program prioritizes intensive discussions in the class and field trips over written tests. Given the lack of social educational resources to provide useful field trips, success of the free semester comes from assertive outreach programs in colleges and universities
To examine college programs for free semester and to measure students’ involvement, this study collected data ‘social service competency’, a PDF document written by individual colleges with free style by downloading from the Higher Education in Korea, the website providing academic information on colleges and universities. This study reviewed differences in the number of volunteering programs, requirements for credit and for graduation and extra- curricular volunteering activities across types of establishment, region, and size. In spite of authors’best efforts, the loss of data during transforming qualitative documentation into quantitative data change remains limitations of statistical analysis. Therefore, the authors carried out literature reviews, interviews and seminars as well.
The result of analysis implies that the most important factor in supporting a free semester program is the college’s systematic efforts with emphasis on students’ participation in social volunteering programs. Further detailed suggestions are discussed in the paper in order to encourage colleges and universities to prepare better services for the free semester