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It’s All About to Change: Implications of Reforming Grading & Assessment within a Public School District
Get PDFCalls to reform grading systems and other assessment practices have been growing for several decades. There is consensus among many educators that grading and assessment practices that have been traditionally accepted as good practice are at best ineffective and at worst have a negative impact on raising achievement. Consequently, there is no single solution or methodology for grading that has emerged as the best practice. A variety of contemporary grading approaches have gained widespread popularity in recent years, typically being referred to as standards-based grading, standards-referenced grading, proficiency-based grading, or competency-based learning. A challenge, however, is that different school districts define these terms differently and models vary widely in their implementation. Although there is no single grading model that is the panacea for all of the ills of past practices, the researchers identified the common ground about what an effective system for grading and assessment should include. Even though further study is needed, the resounding evidence indicates that contemporary grading practices such as standards-based grading are a preferred model if the goal of grading is to accurately communicate student learning and achievement
Reduced Black Carbon Concentrations following a Three-Year Stepped-Wedge Randomized Trial of the Wood-Burning Justa Cookstove in Rural Honduras
No full textHousehold air pollution from cooking-related biomass combustion remains a leading risk factor for global health. Black carbon (BC) is an important component of particulate matter (PM) in household air pollution. We evaluated the impact of the engineered, wood-burning Justa stove intervention on BC concentrations. We conducted a three-year stepped-wedge randomized controlled trial with six repeated visits among 230 female primary cooks in rural Honduras. Participants used traditional stoves at baseline and were randomized to receive the Justa after visit 2 or after visit 4. During each visit, we measured 24 h gravimetric personal and kitchen fine PM (PM2.5) concentrations and estimated BC mass concentrations (Sootscan Transmissometer). We conducted intent-to-treat analyses using linear mixed models with natural log-transformed 24 h personal and kitchen BC. BC concentrations were reduced for households assigned to the Justa versus traditional stoves, e.g., personal BC geometric mean (geometric standard deviation) of 3.6 μg/m3 (6.4) versus 11.5 μg/m3 (4.6), respectively. Following the intervention, we observed 53% [95% confidence interval (CI) of 35–65%] lower geometric mean personal BC concentrations and 76% (95% CI of 66–83%) lower geometric mean kitchen BC concentrations. The Justa stove intervention substantially reduced BC concentrations, mitigating household air pollution and potentially benefiting human and climate health
Faculty Meeting Minutes - October 6, 2022
No full textMinutes of the Gettysburg College Faculty Business Meeting, October 6, 2022
Bringing Out the Vote: New Hampshire and the Presidential Campaign of 1952
No full textArticle focuses on the 1952 Presidential election and explores the ways in which it was notable. The Presidential Preference bill of 1949 is discussed. Several long-standing Presidential election traditions were established during this time, as well as, illustrating for the nation that what happens in the New Hampshire primary matters. Article includes photographs and images of campaign flyers and buttons
Sexual Violence as a Tool of Indigenous Genocide
Get PDFThroughout American history, sexual violence against Native Americans has been an all-too common phenomenon. This ranges from outright rape to less obvious examples, including the desecration of native bodies and the separation of native children from their parents, such as at the boarding schools. Analyzing Sexual Violence as a Tool of Genocide by Andrea Smith, along with a variety of other sources, this article argues that sexual violence against native peoples reinforces the colonial idea that they are subhuman and rapable. Additionally, I also argue that this violence is used to subjugate not just native women, but all women, particularly white women
