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The Naturalness Bias
No full textResearch shows that people have a natural-is-better belief whereby things described as “natural” are perceived as better than artificial, synthetic, or human-made items. For example, people report they would prefer a host of items when they are described as natural versus synthetic including drugs, vaccines, food, cigarettes, human talent, and lighting. Some people report preferring a natural item like a drug even when it is objectively less safe or effective than a synthetic counterpart. This naturalness bias is may become more widespread given the political climate in the U.S. and elsewhere in 2025 and beyond. However, there are many instances in which believing naturalness is better may be problematic, especially when it comes to health or medical behaviors. For example, people may forgo a synthetic or human-made medical treatment that has been rigorously tested in the laboratory and shown to influence a health condition in favor of a natural approach (e.g., herbal medicine). Research suggests that beliefs regarding the safety of natural items is one causal factor, but science skepticism is another factor that may be important. People who have a stronger naturalness bias may also be higher in science skepticism. Understanding how these two factors are connected could bring additional insight into how to reduce this bias. Implications of this connection and other ideas for future research related to the naturalness bias are discussed
Consumer Revolution
No full textThis essay describes the consumer revolution in the eighteenth-century Anglo-Atlantic world, focusing on the impact that imported consumer goods had on diets and material culture among colonial, Native American, and African peoples living in British North America
The Tiniest Place: Memory, Transcorporeality and Ecological Reclaiming in Tatiana Huezo\u27s El Lugar Más Pequeño
No full textTatiana Huezo\u27s debut film El Lugar Mas Pequeno (The Tiniest Place, 2011) is a documentary about the filmmaker\u27s journey to her grandmother\u27s village, Cinquera, in El Salvador. During the country\u27s civil war (1980-1992), the right-wing national government destroyed Cinquera, a stronghold of the leftist resistance, erasing the village from the country\u27s official maps. As an evocative contemplation of a tiny community once destroyed but now thriving into the twenty-first century, The Tiniest Place explores to what extent - and in which ways - cinema can register the painful legacies of political violence. Lacayo argues that The Tiniest Place enacts an ecological reclaiming of Cinquera\u27s history and place. This reclaiming of a new Cinquera allows the citizens to carry on with their lives, persevering as a community of survivors not despite their shared trauma but because of it, united in the deep pain of losing their loved ones in the war
DAM\u27ed if You Do, DAM\u27ed if You Don\u27t: Using Generative AI to Support a Digital Asset Manager Migration
No full textGettysburg College\u27s Musselman Library undertook a migration from CONTENTdm to AM Quartex, but the library did not have coding or development support to leverage the CONTENTdm API. Instead, ChatGPT was used to develop Python scripts to automate certain aspects of the migration, generally successfully
Detection of Molecular Hydrogen in a Neutron Beam Lifetime Experiment
No full textOne method of determining the free neutron lifetime involves the absolute counting of neutrons and trapped decay protons. In such experiments, a cold neutron beam traverses a segmented proton trap inside a superconducting solenoid while the neutron flux is continuously monitored. Protons that are born within the fiducial volume of the trap are confined radially by the magnetic field and axially by the electrostatic potential supplied by trap electrodes. They are periodically released and counted, and the ratio of the absolute number of neutrons to protons is proportional to the neutron lifetime. Systematic error can be introduced if protons in the trap are lost, gained, or misidentified. The influence of molecular hydrogen interactions is of particular interest because of its ubiquitous presence in ultrahigh vacuum systems. To understand how it could affect the neutron lifetime, measurements were performed on the production and detection of molecular hydrogen in an apparatus used to measure the neutron lifetime. We demonstrate that charge exchange with molecular hydrogen can occur with trapped protons, and we determine the efficiency with which the molecular hydrogen ions in the trap are detected. Finally, we comment on the potential impact on a neutron lifetime experiment using this beam technique. We find that the result of the beam neutron lifetime performed at NIST is unlikely to have been significantly affected by charge exchange with molecular hydrogen
Prehistory to Digital History in a Summer Internship
No full textThis is a feature article describing the work of the Summer 2024 intern cohort on a large donation of stone tools. These include projectile points, scrapers, and grinding stones collected in Adams County by Gettysburg alumnus David R. Johnson, Class of 1972
“We’re Librarians”: Using TikTok to Connect Students with Information Literacy Skills
Full text linkThis poster presentation details the ways that Musselman Library has utilized TikTok and other short form video apps to engage with their users and teach bite-sized information literacy concepts. The poster reviews relevant pedagogy and gives suggestions to other libraries looking to start their own TikTok accounts
The Effectiveness of SMS Marketing Campaigns Versus Email Marketing Campaigns
Full text linkIn the present study, we examine the effectiveness of using SMS marketing campaigns versus email marketing campaigns when marketing towards consumers. We used the e-commerce direct messaging multichannel from 2021 to 2023 to test our hypotheses. A random sample was taken of a messages-demo data set with 7,564 rows that contains 10 million messages to test our hypotheses. The effectiveness of purchasing rates in email and SMS marketing campaigns was tested using an independent samples t-test. The results demonstrate that email marketing messaging had a more positive customer perception compared to SMS marketing messaging, as measured by whether customers opened or unsubscribed to the messaging. Our findings suggest that email marketing messaging was more successful in convincing consumers to make a purchase, as measured through purchase rates in this study
Bargains from Baltimore: Presidential Politics and the National Union Convention
Full text linkThis paper examines the complex political dynamics leading to the National Union Convention of 1864 and the pivotal decisions surrounding Abraham Lincoln\u27s renomination for president and Andrew Johnson\u27s unexpected vice-presidential nomination. It explores how the internal fractures within the Republican Party, including tensions with Radical Republicans and War Democrats, shaped the convention\u27s outcomes. By analyzing the interplay of political pragmatism, regional allegiances, and the wartime context, this study reevaluates the historiographical debate on Lincoln\u27s role in Johnson\u27s nomination. Drawing from primary and secondary sources, it challenges the notion of Johnson\u27s selection as merely a nomination of circumstance, instead framing it as a calculated move to strengthen Lincoln\u27s electoral appeal amid the pressures of war and Reconstruction. This paper situates the convention\u27s outcomes within the broader context of 19th-century American politics and highlights the enduring impact of these decisions on the nation\u27s trajectory during and after the Civil War
