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Toward a Comprehensive, Data-Driven Model of American Political Goals: Recognizing the “Values” and “Vices” Within Both Liberalism and Conservativism
Get PDFWhen a person indicates they are “liberal” or “conservative,” an important part of what they are communicating is their goals for how they would like society to be structured. However, past theories have described these goals in dramatically different fashions, suggesting that either conservativism or liberalism reflects a divisive or unifying goal. To help overcome this impasse, this research team systematically compared a broad, representative sample of all possible higher-order goals (drawn a previous lexical investigation of more than 1,000 goals) to the political ideology of American adults (total n = 1,588). The results of five studies suggested that proposals from competing theories are all partially correct. Conservativism simultaneously reflects the unifying “value” of Tradition, as well as the divisive “vice” of Elitism; while Liberalism simultaneously reflects the unifying “value” of Inclusiveness, and the divisive “vice” of Rebellion. These results help to integrate proposals from previous competing theories into a single framework
Schadenfreude in the Context of Opposing Vaccination Statuses
No full textSchadenfreude (experiencing pleasure at others’ misfortune) has been found in a variety of contexts and setting. We sought to determine if it occurred in relation to COVID-19 vaccination status given the ingroup–outgroup nature of this factor. In three experimental studies, we asked participants to read about a pro- or anti-vaccine physician who reportedly died from COVID-19 complications. In Study 1 (N = 83 US emerging adults [39.8% male]) fully vaccinated participants experienced more Schadenfreude after reading the story about an unvaccinated (vs. vaccinated) physician. In Study 2 (N = 393 US adults [37.5% male]) we sampled vaccinated and unvaccinated participants who read about the death of a vaccinated or unvaccinated doctor, and results showed higher Schadenfreude when the participants’ vaccination status (e.g., vaccinated) was opposite of the hypothetical physician\u27s (e.g., unvaccinated). Finally, results from Study 3 (N = 797 US adults [49.5% male]), which used a similar procedure to the previous study, replicated Study 2 and also showed that group identification with and perceived morality of the physician mediated the relationship between vaccination status and Schadenfreude
“Improve Their Condition While Making Them Useful”: Colonia General Conesa and the Dynamics of Settler Colonialism in Nineteenth-Century Argentina
No full textIn 1879, as the Argentine army prepared a military campaign against Indigenous groups in the Pampas and Patagonia, the national government created an Indigenous colony called Colonia General Conesa. Conesa\u27s inhabitants were expected to build homes and cultivate crops under military watch and become “useful” Argentine citizens in the process. This short-lived assimilationist project, which the government abandoned three years later, illuminates the rapidly shifting dynamics of Argentine settler colonial ideology. Although Argentine officials initially saw Conesa as an expedient resolution to the nation\u27s so-called “Indian question,” the dissolution of the southern frontier line in the early 1880s necessitated a shift toward new strategies that emphasized the complete physical and discursive erasure of the region\u27s Indigenous peoples. Conesa\u27s history, situated within the broader context of interethnic relations in Argentina\u27s southern borderlands, sheds light on the development of Argentine settler colonialism and exemplifies how Indigenous people were written out of the nation\u27s history
McTaggart, Whitehead, and a Virtue-based Approach to Aesthetics in Genres of Psychedelic Music
No full textThere is a long and treasured tradition in philosophical aesthetics dedicated to establishing criteria for evaluating musical composition, notably including Immanuel Kant in The Critique of Judgement, Jean Jacques Rousseau’s A Complete Dictionary of Music, and Friedrich Schiller’s Letters on the Aesthetic Education of Man. These Enlightenment and post-Enlightenment discussions limit the music considered to the Western classical tradition. [excerpt
Review of Irfan A. Omar\u27s Prophet Al-Khiḍr: Between the Qur’anic Text and Islamic Contexts
Get PDFReview of Irfan A. Omar\u27s study of al-Khiḍr, the mysterious green figure in the Quran\u27s Sūrat al-Kahf discussion of Moses’ encounter with an unnamed spiritual guide. Omar\u27s book traces the story’s influence on the works of early Qur’ānic scholars (mufassirūn) and on the beliefs and practices in Muslim cultures, arguing that Khiḍr is understudied and under-theorized
Warmer Temperature Overrides the Effects of Antidepressants on Amphibian Metamorphosis and Behavior
Get PDFClimate change can exacerbate the effects of environmental pollutants on aquatic organisms. Pollutants such as human antidepressants released from wastewater treatment plants have been shown to impact life-history traits of amphibians. We exposed tadpoles of the wood frog Lithobates sylvaticus to two temperatures (20°C and 25°C) and two antidepressants (fluoxetine and venlafaxine), and measured timing of metamorphosis, mass at metamorphosis, and two behaviors (startle response and percent motionless). Antidepressants significantly shortened time to metamorphosis at 20°C, but not at 25°C. At 25°C, tadpoles metamorphosed significantly faster than those at 20°C independent of antidepressant exposure. Venlafax- ine reduced body mass at 25°C, but not at 20°C. Temperature and antidepressant exposure affected the percent of tadpoles showing a startle response. Tadpoles at 20°C displayed significantly more responses than at 25°C. Exposure to fluoxetine also increased the percent of tadpoles showing a startle response. Venlafaxine reduced the percent of motionless tadpoles at 25°C but not at 20°C. While our results showed that antidepressants can affect the timing of metamorphosis in tadpoles, warmer temperatures overrode these effects and caused a reduction in an important reaction behavior (startle response). Future studies should address how warmer global temperatures may exacerbate or negate the effects of environmental pollutants
Criminal Justice Update - December 2023
Get PDFThe Criminal Justice Update is a monthly newsletter created by the Adams County Bar Foundation Fellow providing updates in criminal justice policy coming from Pennsylvania\u27s courts and legislature as well as the US Supreme Court. Contents: Updates from PA Governor\u27s Office (no new updates this month) Updates from the PA Legislature Updates from the Courts U.S. Supreme Court (no updates this month) PA Supreme Court (no updates this month) PA Superior Cour
The Global North and Global South in Political Dilemma: Postmaterialist Effects of Age on Government Trust
Get PDFThe ever-changing nature of the population in different age cohorts creates a variance in issue priorities between and among younger and older generations. This relationship can be explained by the theory of postmaterialism, which insists that there is a rising attachment among young people to postmaterialist values and goals, such as self-expression, especially within the society of younger age cohorts. As younger generations have become more prevalent in demanding the United States government and other nations in the Global North to engage in lawmaking that nourishes their postmaterialist values and needs, I attempt to examine the relationship between one’s age and their degree of trust towards the government. This paper finds that an individual’s degree of trust in the U.S. government is likely to decrease inversely with their age, which is supported by regression tests. However, when examining the Global North and the Global South at a macroscopic level, the confidence in government increased when there was an increase in age, and the Global North had a higher degree of government confidence than the Global South counterpart
The Management of Curriculum
Get PDFWhat college students study now shapes the future of how society functions. How does curriculum get shaped? Who makes the decisions and final decisions on the general education courses that students must take to meet requirements? Ultimately how much say do professors and specific departments get in determining the future of the students interested in those fields? This paper examines professor autonomy and curriculum development and the management of decisions at a department and college-wide level. Methods used in this study are interviews, field notes and observations, interview notes, and transcriptions. Interviews were conducted with professors in the English and management departments at Gettysburg College. Overall, I found that professors are happy with the level of freedom and autonomy they have within the classroom and at the department level, but their relationships with the administration could improve and they would like to be listened to more, especially with larger decision-making processes. This study suggests that this profession has a higher degree of autonomy and freedom than other careers and can be vastly different to how other colleges are managed. Yet, there is still room for growth to how much of a say professors get on larger decisions being made at their respective institutions
An Expedition to Public Lands
Get PDFA look into common ideas appearing in the US public land system. These ideas include nature as commodity, nature as unpeopled, and nature as pristine. The specific areas looked into are Havasu National Wildlife Refuge, Prescott National Forest, Grand Canyon National Park, Gold Butte National Monument, and Death Valley National Park