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More Care and Less Pay: The Phenomenon of Low Wages Among Care Occupations
Get PDFThis research examines the phenomenon of care occupations paying less than other occupations with similar levels of human capital investment. The paper evaluates the high concentration of women, especially Black women, the resulting wage penalties, social closure theory, temporal flexibility, and positive externalities as possible explanations for this problem. Potential solutions like raising the minimum wage and subsidizing education for care workers are also addressed
Who Tells Your Story? Microhistory and Historical Biography
Get PDFThe historical method of microhistory is a small discipline that is often disputed on whether autobiography and biography are forms of microhistory; using the life of Father Richard T. McSorley as a reference, this paper seeks to address how both forms of narrative are microhistories and how they influence legacy
A Stolen Ship: Robert Smalls’ Daring Escape to Freedom
Get PDFThis paper discusses Robert Smalls’ daring escape to freedom on the morning of May 13, 1862. Smalls was an enslaved worker on the Confederate ship the Planter. Along with other enslaved members of the Planter’s crew, Smalls commandeered the ship and sailed past Confederate forts and ships in the Charleston Harbor until they reached the Union. I argue that the story of Robert Smalls validates arguments that enslaved people were not bystanders in the quest for emancipation; rather, the unique circumstances of the Civil War and the morning of May 13, 1862, allowed Smalls to enact his carefully created plan to seize his own freedom
Gettysburg Journal of Public Policy 2023
Get PDFComplete Issue of The Gettysburg Journal for Public Policy 202
Huelgas en el Campo: Mexican Workers, Strikes and Political Radicalism in the US Southwest, 1920-1934
Get PDFThe political and economic conditions of Mexican workers in the American Southwest during the Interwar Period, their alignment with American and Mexican radical political traditions, and their labor struggles in the region’s agriculture
To Bigotry No Sanction, To Persecution No Assistance: Jews in the American Revolutionary Period
Get PDFWhile Jews were a small minority in the American colonies, they nonetheless participated in the American Revolution on both sides. This paper aims to evaluate the role of Jewish people in the conflict, contextualizing the experiences of this small minority within the larger narrative of the American Revolution and establishing their importance in the development of religious freedom in the United States. Through the examination of these topics, this paper aims to explore the Revolutionary period from the perspective of the Jewish-American, discussing their often-overlooked experiences in this watershed period within U.S. history
A Historical and Philosophical Comparison: Joseph de Maistre & Edmund Burke
Get PDFMost historians have focused on the British thinker and statesman Edmund Burke, when discussing the development of Conservatism. He is often considered the “Father of Conservatism” as his principal work Reflections on the Revolution in France inspired generations of conservative thinkers. However, another conservative thinker was writing during the same period as Burke and has been relatively lost to history. Joseph de Maistre, was developing conservative thought at the same time as Burke, but has received little to no credit for the influence he held. The aim of this paper is to show that Maistre was just as influential in the development of conservatism as Burke during the Revolutionary years in Europe. The paper will also demonstrate that Maistre was not an extremist as many historians have portrayed him to be
The Personality and Psychology of Chen Zi-Ang, a Fiery, Noble Warrior and Martyr (陳子昂烈士之人格心理)
Get PDFFrom the perspective of psychology, personality refers to the long-term, significant pattern in which a person perceives themselves while responding to others and the world. In the vast majority of situations, a person’s experiences at and before age twenty-five, in addition to their reactions to these situations, have a significant impact over their personality and psychology. In the vast majority of cases, the significant sources of these experiences are the substantial impacts of familial circumstances and early professional interactions, in addition to their broader social-historical worlds. Chen Zi-Ang the martyr was in the human realm for forty or forty-one years when counting his actual age. One of the reasonable chronological divisions thus divides according to these years: childhood — age zero to twelve; early adolescence — thirteen to seventeen; late adolescence — eighteen to twenty-one; early adulthood — twenty-two to thirty-four; early middle age — thirty-five until Chen Zi-Ang was “harmed to death” (Du Fu)[1] in prison because of the brutal and ferocious persecution imposed on him. Chen Zi-Ang’s personality and psychology was largely stable when he was twenty-five-year-old, when he was in early adulthood. I agree with the scholar and author Wang Zhi-Qing’s observation that Chen possessed the characteristics of “fierceness;”[2] he “sometimes further demonstrated a dumbfounding boldness and spicy defiance.”[3] I also agree with this observation of Wu Huai-Dong, another scholar and author: one of Chen’s characteristics was his possession of “firmness and ferocity.”[4] As for the personality and psychology of Chen Zi-Ang, I mainly consult these two American psychologists: Dr. Kathy Rae Berenson and Dr. Kathleen Cain, while I also take the advice from these two other American psychologists: Dr. Katherine Bradley and Dr. Daniel McCall. Then, from the perspective of psychology, I thus summarize Chen Zi-Ang’s personality and psychology, as well as their formation and development.
As this chapter has detailed, the personality and psychology of Chen Zi-Ang the martyr were highly extraordinary. There were seven important differences between Chen’s personality and psychology and those of most people in the past and the present. First, Chen possessed an extraordinary intelligence comprised of the five aforementioned criteria. Second, Chen was very concerned with the welfare of people outside of his private life. Third, outside of his salary-earning obligations and private life, Chen still pursued his exercise of a positive impact on countless people under the Heaven. Fourth, Chen was enthusiastic in various categories of arts. Fifth, Chen was very spiritually and religiously devout; on this aspect, Chen was at least somewhat similar to Joan of Arc (French: Jeanne d’Arc). Sixth, Chen possessed a “firmness and ferocity” (Wu Huai-Dong);[47] he “sometimes further demonstrated a dumbfounding boldness and spicy defiance” (Wang Zhi-Qing).[48] Seventh, these positive qualities of Chen Zi-Ang’s personality and psychology were profoundly rooted in cultural-spiritual China.
從心理學角度看，人格指人看待自身、回應他人與世界之長期重大模式。在絕大多數情況下，案主在二十五歲時及此前，有何經歷，又如何回應這些經歷，對案主人格與心理，有重大影響。在絕大多數情況下，這些經歷之重大來源，是家庭環境對案主實際影響、案主早期職業互動、案主所在社會與歷史世界。陳子昂烈士實際在人世間度過四十年，或四十一年。合理分期法之一，如此劃分這些年：童年——零歲至十二歲；青春前期——十三歲至十七歲；青春後期——十八歲至二十一歲；成年前期——二十二歲至三十四歲；中年前期——三十五歲，至陳子昂因受慘烈迫害，「遇害」（杜甫語）[1]獄中。陳子昂在人格與心理方面表現，在其二十五歲時，幾乎全然穩定下來。筆者認同學者文人王志清這些觀察：陳子昂特點之一，是「烈」；[2]陳子昂「有時還表現出讓人瞠目結舌的大膽與潑辣」。[3]筆者亦認同學者文人吳懷東這一觀察：陳子昂有「剛烈」[4]特質。筆者探究陳子昂之人格與心理時，主要請教兩位美國心理學家：凱曦·蕾安·柏瑞森進士（美國英文：Dr. Kathy Rae Berenson；主流華文稱其為博士）、凱思婷·柯琳進士（美國英文：Dr. Kathleen Cain），兼採這兩位美國心理學家所教：凱瑟琳·白德莉進士（美國英文：Dr. Katherine Bradley）、丹禮·梅柯進士（美國英文：Dr. Daniel McCall），再從心理學角度，這般總結陳子昂之人格與心理，及其成因與發展。
如拙文所深敘，陳子昂烈士之人格心理，非常不凡。陳子昂人格心理，與過去、現在大多數人人格心理之間，有七項重要差異。其一，是陳子昂具前述五項標準，所構成之非凡智能。其二，是陳子昂非常關心私生活以外之人福祉。其三，是在其領薪職責與私生活之外，陳子昂仍然追求對天下萬民施加正面影響。其四，是陳子昂熱衷於各類藝術。其五，是陳子昂在靈性與宗教方面，信仰甚為虔誠。在這點上，陳子昂與貞德至少有些相似。其六，是陳子昂「剛烈」（吳懷東語）、[47]獨立、強勢，「有時還表現出讓人瞠目結舌的大膽與潑辣」（王志清語）。[48]其七，是陳子昂這些人格與心理正面特點，深植於華夏文化與精神之內
Faculty Meeting Minutes – April 20, 2023
No full textMinutes of the Gettysburg College Faculty Business Meeting, April 20, 2023
APPC Minutes - March 28, 2023
No full textMinutes of the Academic Policy and Program Committee Meeting, March 28, 2023